柴油机台架试验中综合指标的建立与应用

介绍了正交试验中多指标分析法,建立了柴油机综合性能指标并阐述了其在试验分析中的应用。     

Potato evapotranspiration and yield under different drip irrigation regimes

A field experiment comparing different irrigation frequencies and soil matric potential thresholds on potato evapotranspiration (ET), yield (Y) and water-use efficiency (WUE) was carried out in a loam soil. The experiment included five treatments for soil matric potential: F1 (-15 kPa), F2 (-25 kPa), F3 (-35 kPa), F4 (-45 kPa) and F5 (-55 kPa) and six treatments for irrigation frequency: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days), N3 (once every 3 days), N4 (once every 4 days), N6 (once every 6 days) and N8 (once every 8 days). Results indicate that both soil matric potential and drip irrigation frequency influenced potato ET, Y and WUE. Potato ET increased as irrigation frequency and soil matric potential increased. Comparing soil water potential, the highest ET was 63.4 mm (32.1%) more than the lowest value. Based on irrigation frequency treatments, the highest ET was 36.7 mm (19.2%) more than the lowest value. Potato Y and WUE were also found to increase as irrigation frequency increased. Potato Y increased with an increase in soil water potential then started to decrease. The highest Y and WUE values were achieved with a soil matric potential threshold of -25 kPa and an irrigation frequency of once a day.Communicated by J. Ayars     

试论丘陵地区灌溉机械化发展对策

本文通过四川省射洪县的事例，分析了丘陵地区机械灌溉在发展农业和农村经济中的地位和作用，以及目前存在的困难和问题，提出了发展对策建议。     

车辆表面脉动压力的试验研究

对车辆表面脉动压力与气流噪声的关系进行了讨论，说明了偶极子源噪声在车辆气流噪声中占主导地位，而车辆气流噪声中的偶极子源噪声又取决于车辆的表面脉动压力，阐述了研究车辆表面脉动压力对进一步研究和控制车辆气流噪声具有的重要意义。在此基础上，对车辆表面脉动压力的分布、频率特性及其与车速的关系进行了试验研究，得到了一些有意义的结论。     

履带拖拉机支重轮的塑变磨损研究

采用有限元分析方法对履带拖拉机支重轮在工作过程中所受接触应力进行了计算，并进行了实验室磨损试验和试车磨损试验，深入研究了支重轮的磨损形变机制。结果表明：支重轮由于具有较低的轮面硬度和较大边缘接触应力，因此在较短的工作期间内发生严重的塑变磨损，进而产生变形、失效；感应加热表面淬火可以大幅度提高支重轮的轮面硬度，能够有效提高支重轮的耐磨性。     

内燃机排气成分动态检测方法的研究

介绍了采用飞行时间质谱仪动态测量内燃机排气成分的方法。提出了实现动态检测的系统方案，研制开发了高速数据采集系统，给出了性能试验结果。测量并识别了质量数相近的N2和C2H4的谱图，给出了废气成分浓度的动态变化曲线。     

Effect of water deficit in different growth stages on stem sap flux of greenhouse grown pear-jujube tree

The effects of water deficit in different fruit growth stages on the variation of stem sap flux of 6-year old greenhouse-grown pear-jujube trees were investigated. Treatments included sufficient water supply during the whole fruit-growing period (T₁), mild water deficit during the flowering–fruit setting stage (T₂), moderate water deficit during the fruit rapid growth stage (T₃) and severe water deficit during the fruit maturing stage (T₄). Results showed that significant compensation effect on stem sap flux after re-watering was observed in T₂, but not in T₃ and T₄ stages. At the end of rapid growth stage, the diurnal variation of stomatal conductance generally had a similar trend as that of stem sap flux, but with a distinct midday depression from 12:00 to 14:00 p.m. In addition, a linear relationship between the relative available soil water content (RAWC) and the ratio of daily stem sap flux to that of sufficient water treatment was observed (R² = 0.4489).     

小型多用途燃油燃烧器的研制

介绍了小型多用途燃油燃烧器的结构和工作原理，提出了燃烧器系统设计的方法。步骤，并进行了样机的试验，试验结果表明，按所述方法设计并试制的燃烧器具有热效率高，排放低，工作稳定等特点。     

基于Landsat数据的条件植被温度指数升尺度转换方法

以陕西省关中平原为研究区域,应用点扩散函数、混合像素面积权重法和中值像素变异权重法将基于Landsat卫星遥感数据反演的分辨率为30 m的条件植被温度指数(VTCI)干旱监测结果上推至930 m的干旱监测结果,并与Aqua MODIS数据反演的分辨率为930 m的VTCI干旱监测结果进行对比分析,以期为两种空间尺度的干旱监测结果的综合应用提供技术支持。以MODIS数据反演的VTCI为参考,应用相关系数、均方根误差、半变异函数的估计值和图像纹理特征等对尺度上推的VTCI进行评价。结果表明,点扩散函数和混合像素面积权重法的尺度上推效果均较好,而中值像素变异权重法的尺度上推效果较差,说明点扩散函数和混合像素面积权重法均适用于研究区域VTCI干旱监测结果的尺度转换,且点扩散函数的数据处理过程更为简单。典型样点VTCI的尺度上推结果表明,空间异质性越小,尺度上推的结果越好。     

水稻秸秆深埋整秆还田装置设计与试验

针对目前我国水稻秸秆还田机械普遍存在的耕作深度浅、秸秆还田深度不满足农艺要求、旋耕部件缠草严重等问题,运用旋耕理论和数值计算分析方法设计了水稻秸秆深埋整秆还田装置。根据实际情况对土壤颗粒进行假设,运用离散元法建立土壤颗粒力学模型,应用EDEM软件进行整秆还田仿真虚拟试验,仿真结果表明,耕深在20 cm时,土壤表层覆盖率为93.87%。通过土槽台架试验得到:在作业速度为1.25 km/h、刀辊转速为237 r/min时,耕深可达到22 cm,地表以下15~20 cm翻埋的秸秆占秸秆总量的80%,秸秆还田率为91.63%,同时刀辊轴不缠草。试验结果表明,秸秆还田深度达到水整地环节的要求,秸秆还田率较高。通过虚拟仿真和台架试验相互验证,证明新型整秆还田装置一次作业可实现切土、碎土、埋草、压草及覆土的功能,满足农艺要求。