亚洲玉米螟新型性诱芯的诱蛾性能研究

2012年在吉林省公主岭市田间测试亚洲玉米螟两种性诱芯的诱蛾性能.A、B两种诱芯均用橡胶塞载体,剂量50μg,B诱芯加入不同的辅助成分并采用不同的制作工艺.结果表明,B诱芯每盆平均诱蛾量和单盆1次最大诱蛾量分别为16.03头和52.7头,显著高于A诱芯的10.82头和35.9头.B诱芯的诱蛾性显著高于A诱芯,值得推荐.     

Effect of soil moisture during stratification on dormancy release in seeds of five common weed species

Although the effects of cold stratification on the release of physiological dormancy in seeds have been studied extensively, knowledge of the role of soil moisture content on seed dormancy release during cold stratification is limited. Our study determined seed dormancy characteristics and the effect of soil moisture content on seed dormancy breakage during cold stratification in the five common weed species Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Plantago lanceolata and Setaria glauca. Seeds of all five species were dormant at the time of harvest and their germination response to light and temperature varied. Soil moisture content had a significant effect on seed dormancy release of all species except P. lanceolata. Germination percentage of A. retroflexus, C. album, C. hybridum increased and then decreased as soil moisture content increased, regardless of germination test temperature. The optimal soil moisture content and seed moisture content for dormancy breakage of A. retroflexus, C. album, C. hybridum were 8%, 12%, 8% and 22.0%, 37.7%, 25.7% respectively. Dry storage (after‐ripening) significantly increased germination of S. glauca. Moreover, increasing soil moisture content first slowed and then increased dormancy breakage in S. glauca. These results suggest that data on soil moisture content should be incorporated into models that predict weed seed dormancy breakage and timing of seedling emergence as well as those for weed management.     

内蒙古马铃薯黑痣病菌融合群的测定与分析

为明确内蒙古马铃薯黑痣病菌融合群的组成及其致病力,从内蒙古13个县（旗）分离得到109株黑痣病菌,采用载玻片配对法和土壤接种法分别测定其融合群及致病力。结果表明,109株黑痣病菌中共存在8个融合群及亚群,分别为AG1-IB、AG2-1、AG3、AG4-HG-Ⅱ、AG4-HG-Ⅲ、AG5、AG9及AG-A。其中84株菌株为AG3,占77.06%;AG4-HG-Ⅱ和AG5分别为8株和6株,占7.34%和5.50%;其余5个融合群各不超过5株,所占比例均在5.00%以下。在84株AG3融合群中,从薯块分离得到52株,茎表分离得到32株;其它7个融合群共25株菌株均分离自茎表。除AG-A无致病能力外,其它融合群均可致病,AG3致病力最强,AG4和AG5次之,AG2-1、AG9和AG1-IB最弱。表明内蒙古马铃薯黑痣病菌具有丰富的多样性,但其优势融合群仍为AG3。     

水稻褐飞虱抗性基因的鉴定及利用现状

褐飞虱是为害水稻生产的重要害虫,利用寄主抗性培育抗褐飞虱品种被认为是防治其为害的有效途径.自20世纪70年代起,各国相继开展了水稻褐飞虱抗性基因的发掘工作,截至2007年12月,经国际注册确认和报道的水稻抗褐飞虱基因共22个,其中12个为显性基因(Bph),10个为隐性基因(bph),已被定位的达18个,此外还鉴定了一些重要的抗性QTLs.文中还讨论了综合防治褐飞虱策略等合理利用抗性基因的问题.     

枣棉间作下不同种植密度对棉花生理特性及产量的影响

[目的]探索枣棉间作条件下不同种植密度对棉花生理特性及产量的影响,筛选出适宜间作的棉花种植密度,以期为南疆果棉立体种植模式的研究提供理论依据.[方法]在枣棉间作条件下,设置高、中、低3个密度水平(31.27×104、25.01×104和20.84×104株/hm2),研究枣棉间作对棉花光合特性、干物质积累和产量的影响.[结果]枣棉间作条件下,25.01×104 株/hm2密度在各个时期的净光合速率较大,蒸腾速率最低值出现时间较晚,冠层结构合理,生育后期有较高的群体光合速率,光合物质累积多,皮棉产量较高.[结论]枣棉间作下不同的种植密度会对棉花生长发育特性以及产量有一定的影响,而适宜的种植密度则能优化这种立体种植模式.     

珍稀濒危树种连香树造林试验

本文通过对连香树造林成活率、中幼龄林生长情况调查,结果表明,连香树在前期生长较快,病虫害少,树体大小中等,适宜作为城市行道树和园林、庭院绿化树种,影响栽植成活率和生长量的主导因子是水分,苗期和幼树易发生日灼危害,平原地区栽植应以4～5年生的大苗为主,栽植幼苗应适当遮荫。     

Influence of three diets on susceptibility of selected insecticides and activities of detoxification esterases of Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The oriental tobacco worm, Helicoverpa assulta Guenée, is one of the most destructive pests of tobacco and peppers in China. We determined the susceptibility of H. assulta reared on an artificial diet, chili pepper and tobacco to four insecticides (fenvalerate, phoxim, methomyl, indoxacarb) under laboratory conditions associated with the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in its larvae. H. assulta larvae that were fed with chili pepper were more susceptible to fenvalerate, indoxacarb, and phoxim than those that were fed with tobacco and the artificial diet, but not to methomyl. The larvae that were fed with chili pepper were 3.65-, 2.49-, 1.92- and 2.44-fold more susceptible to fenvalerate, phoxim, methomyl, and indoxacarb than those fed with tobacco, respectively. The AChE activities of H. assulta larvae that were fed with chili pepper and tobacco were 2.12 and 1.07 μmol mg⁻¹ 15 min⁻¹, respectively, almost 2-fold difference. The CarE activity of H. assulta larvae that were fed with chili pepper, tobacco and the artificial diet was 4.12, 7.40 and 7.12 μmol mg⁻¹ 30 min⁻¹, respectively. Similarly, the GST activities of H. assulta larvae that were fed with chili pepper, tobacco and the artificial diet was 52.02, 79.37 and 80.02 μmol mg⁻¹ min⁻¹, respectively. H. assulta larvae that were fed with chili pepper were more resistance to the tested insecticides. The low activities of AChE and the high activities of CarE and GST lead to H. assulta become more susceptible to the tested insecticides.     

葡萄加工副产品的综合利用研究

葡萄加工后的副产物葡萄籽、皮常常作为废料,被丢弃或发酵后用作肥料。这样不仅造成环境的污染,而且也不利于充分利用资源。而从中提取出有效物质并进行加工利用,既可以降低生产成本,又可以提高资源的利用率。因此,对葡萄加工副产物的综合利用研究,具有十分重要的意义:变废为宝——既保护环境,又提高经济效益。通过对葡萄加工生产产生的副产品的综合利用情况的论述,发现利用方法主要有:从葡萄籽中提取葡萄籽油、低聚原花青素(OPC)以及单宁等物质,从发酵后的皮渣中提取色素、果胶、酒石酸等物质。     

基于混合蛙跳算法的马铃薯病害图像分割优化

针对Otsu算法对直方图呈现多峰多谷的复杂马铃薯病害图像分割效果不佳的问题,结合混合蛙跳算法(shuffled frog leaping algorithm,SFLA)提出了一种Otsu-SFLA分割优化模型,将Otsu病害图像的分割结果作为SFLA算法的优化起点,进行复杂背景的马铃薯病害图像的分割优化,将马铃薯叶枯病、马铃薯晚疫病、马铃薯菌核病、马铃薯根腐线虫病、马铃薯灰霉病的病害图像作为分割对象进行分割,分割匹配率分别为97.0%、96.2%、96.9%、95.7%、94.8%,平均分割匹配率为96.1%,错误率分别为1.6%、1.1%、1.2%、1.1%、1.4%、平均错误率为1.3%,正确率分别为95.4%、95.1%、95.7%、94.6%、93.4%,平均正确率为94.8%,表明Otsu-SFLA模型可有效从复杂马铃薯病害图像中获取病斑区域。     

玉米Rf3基因近等基因系(NIL)的构建及RAPD验证

利用杂交、回交和自交序成了玉米ＣＭＳ－Ｓ型育性恢复基因Ｒｆ３的一对近等基因系（ＮＩＬ）以用于相关分子撑的研究,先前的研究认为,建立ＮＩＬ所需回交次数一般为６次以上,本研究用ＲＡＰＤ分析证明了Ｒｆ３基因近等基因系创建的回交次数为４次,即达到与目标连锁片段的有效渗入。