动物贮藏红松种子的萌发活力

松鼠和星鸦会选择具有萌发活力的红松种子贮藏在地被物下,在红松球果内种子只有73.2%可食用的情况下,松鼠和星鸦选择贮藏的红松种子100%饱满可食用,其贮藏行为有利于红松种子逃避其他动物的捕食.萌发实验表明,松鼠和星鸦贮点内的红松种子超过60%可萌发出红松幼苗,远远高于自然状态下红松种子的萌发率(41.7%).     

贵州省鸡淋巴性白血病J亚型血清学调查研究

为了解和掌握鸡淋巴白血病J亚型(ALV -J)在贵州的发生和流行的基本情况,在7个主要养殖地区的35个养鸡生产场共采集1 205份血清样本,采用ALV -J诊断试剂盒进行了ALV -J的ELISA血清学抗体检测.检测及相关流行病学调查结果表明:ALV -J亚群的平均阳性感染率为13.776％,其中肉鸡为20.050％,...     

Impacts of a freedom farrowing pen design on sow behaviours and performance

The limited space in farrowing crate imposes many challenges, such as prolonged farrowing duration and high piglet stillbirth rate. Although the features of farrowing pens compensate for the drawbacks of farrowing crates, they are associated with high piglet crushing mortality caused by the greater space afforded to sows and their rolling-over behaviour. Therefore, a freedom farrowing pen was designed to overcome the drawbacks of both farrowing crates and farrowing pens. The main features of the freedom farrowing pen are its left anti-crushing bar and detachable right anti-crushing bar on the sides of the sow lying area. It also has a 10 cm-high anti-crushing bar in the non-lying area. Eighteen healthy, multiparous Yorkshire sows (3-7 parity) were averaged and randomly assigned to farrowing crates, farrowing pens, and freedom farrowing pens to compare the effects of the farrowing systems on sow behaviour and performance. Results showed that the farrowing duration and the mean piglet birth intervals were longer for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the sows in farrowing pens and those in freedom farrowing pens (P>0.05). The piglet stillbirth rate was higher for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.001). Crushing mortality was higher among piglets in farrowing pens (P<0.001), but there was no difference between piglets in freedom farrowing pens and those in farrowing crates (P>0.05). The freedom farrowing pen and the farrowing pen allowed sows to turn around and move freely, but because of the different structures of their anti-crushing bars, the increase in sow movement did not cause higher piglet crushing mortality (P>0.05). Sows in freedom farrowing pens were found to be more protective of their piglets.     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.     

禽产品的包装技术

随着养禽生产的发展，对禽产品加工要求越来越高，将出现多种多样的禽产品。社会需求高质量的禽产品将刺激生产企业采取新颖的包装技术、保鲜技术延长货架寿命，保证其感观性质和营养价值以及食用安全性。下面主要介绍新颖的蛋品包装技术及运输中需注意的问题，俄罗斯禽肉、禽蛋食品标签要求以及美国对进口禽肉包装标签的要求。供广大读者参考。[编者按]     

雏鸡运输的注意事项

目前,我国主要采用以下五种方法进行羽毛粉的加工生产。一高温高压水解法水解羽毛粉主要依靠水解过程中时间、压力、温度的控制。其加工过程为：收集羽毛,除尘清洗后,装入水解罐中,     

卡死克对草地天敌昆虫通缘步甲的影响

试验研究了卡死克对通缘步甲成虫的急性致死毒性及田间撒施卡死克毒饵后对其种群数量消长的影响。室内口腔灌喂250ppm浓度的卡死克药液2μl／头后的第1～15天，灌药组与灌清水组的存活率均在70～90％，统计结果无显著差异，说明药剂对该步甲元急性致死毒性。在毒饵撒施后的7～17天，采用陷阱诱捕法调查对通缘步甲田间种群数量的影响，结果表明：处理区与对照区的日均诱捕数量为28．3和28．5头，两区间的差异并不显著。卡死克既不杀伤草地上游猎捕食的通缘步甲又能有效控制蝗虫种群数量的增长，使其能够发挥控制害虫的作用。通缘步甲发生数量大，与蝗虫种群消长有跟随现象，是一种值得研究保护利用的优势天敌种类。     

牛超数排卵技术的研究

用ＦＳＨ＋ＰＧＦ１。超排处理７２头次供体牛,采卵３６１枚,可用胚２３５枚,黄牛胚胎可用率高于奶牛、肉牛,育成牛胚胎可用用率高于经产牛,秋冬季超排效果明显好于春季。     

黑曲霉发酵酱油渣的研究

试验研究了黑曲霉的耐盐能力,试验结果表明:NaCl浓度在0-120 g/l以内,黑曲霉生长速率随NaCl浓度的增加先增加后减小,当NaCl浓度为40 g/l时黑曲霉生长速率达到最大值,为2.08 cm/d;并且以酱油渣为试验材料,研究了黑曲霉对酱油渣中粗纤维成分的降解能力,试验结果表明,黑曲霉能高效降解酱渣中半纤维素,30 d降解率达到了84.28%;同时对纤维素和木质素也有一定程度降解,30 d时降解率分别为23.86%和9.43%。本研究结果为酱油渣的饲料化利用提供了必要的数据支持。     

国内玉米供需紧平衡能否继续领涨市场

2006年是国内玉米市场不平凡的一年。 2006年国内玉米市场的不平凡体现在3个方面。其一．当年玉米产量预计可以达到14200万t的历史最高水平。这是国家粮油信息中心在其每月发布的《饲用谷物市场供需状况报告》中的估计数，较上年的13937万t增长了263万t，增幅为1．89％（表1）。这一水平是在当年出现了多年少见的复杂气象条件下获得的。中国气象局日前撰文称2006年是自1998年以来气候灾害最为严重的一年。而美国农业部在其2006年12月份的《全球农产品供需状况报告》中对我国玉米产量的预测更是达到了14300万t；其二，当年玉米价格创下了1997年以来新产玉米上市后价格涨幅最高的记录。东北地区玉米（以吉林长春为例，质量标准为中等，水分14％）的出库价格从1200元／t一路上涨到1450元／t，涨幅达21％。而此前的数年中波动幅度基本在10％以内；其三是，2006年实现了产量增长、农民增收的双增局面。2006年不仅没有出现以往增收后卖粮难的情况。[第一段]