６种豆科饲用灌木中酚类物质动态变化与体外消化率的关系

 通过对云南省几种主要豆科饲用灌木不同生育期酚类化合物含量的分析研究,结果表明,单宁的含量变化范围从银合欢的枯黄期（４２．９ｇ／ｋｇ）到假大青蓝的开花期（１２３．６ｇ／ｋｇ）之间;简单酚的含量变化范围从银合欢的营养期（１１．６ｇ／ｋｇ）到结荚期（５８．７ｇ／ｋｇ）之间;总酚的含量在各生育期的变化范围依次为１０９．１～１７３．３,１０４．１～１６９．２,１０３．７～１５３．０和８６．６～１５５．６ｇ／ｋｇ。４种酚类化合物含量都较高的灌木有假大青蓝,含量均较低的有多花木蓝和假木豆。４种酚类化合物的含量总体表现为总酚＞单宁＞缩合单宁＞简单酚。缩合单宁与总酚和单宁之间呈极显著正相关（犘＜０．０１）,与简单酚之间呈不显著的负相关（犘＞０．０５）。体外干物质消化率（ＩＶＤＭＤ）在同一生育期不同灌木间差异显著（犘＜０．０５）,体外有机物消化率（ＩＶＯＭＤ）在同一生育期不同灌木间差异显著（犘＜０．０５）。体外消化率和体内消化率与总酚、单宁和缩合单宁呈极显著负相关（犘＜０．０１）,且相关系数绝对值大于０．７。     

纳米氧化锌对AA肉鸡肝脏金属硫蛋白的影响

以AA肉鸡为试验动物,以硫酸锌(含锌40 mg/kg)为对照,分别设置含锌30、40、60 mg/kg的3个纳米氧化锌剂量组,观测纳米氧化锌对鸡肝脏金属硫蛋白(MT)含量的影响.结果发现,与对照相比,含锌40、60 mg/kg的纳米氧化锌组能显著提高肝脏中MT的生成量(P<0.05).     

奶牛全混合日粮添加过瘤胃脂肪饲养效果对比试验研究

[目的]为了研究日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪能够有效降低奶牛产后负平衡效果.[方法]本试验选用围产期(产前3～4周)健康的奶牛48头,按照年龄、体重、胎次、体况评分、预产期相同或相近的原则,参考上胎产奶量或母亲产奶量等指标随机分为试验组和对照组,在试验组日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪300 g/头·日,试验期145 d.[结果]表明:试验组日产奶量提高1.96 kg,产后初次配种间隔缩短8.86 d,差异极显著(P＜0.01);对奶牛体况的改善也有一定的作用,特别是对头胎牛的体况改善明显.[结论]在奶牛全混合日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪可提高奶牛产奶量、繁殖性能,改善体况.     

平山湖温性荒漠草地草畜平衡现状及发展措施

2008年通过对张掖市平山湖蒙古族乡草地、农牧业生产经营情况的入户调查,全乡有天然草地8.67万hm^2,可利用草地6.38万hm^2。草地理论载畜量为2.03万羊单位,实际存栏6.843万羊单位,超载4.813万羊单位,达237%。由于草地严重超载过牧,造成温性荒漠草地退化加剧,裸露草地数量增加,水土流失严重,草原生态环境日益恶化,使当地农牧民生产、生活受到严重的影响。必须通过调整优化畜群结构,使饲养牲畜公母比例由1∶1.4提高到1∶2.5-3.0,改变传统的全放牧饲养方式,加快畜群周转,达到草畜平衡,实现草地畜牧业可持续发展。     

盐酸林可霉素紫外分光光度测定方法的建立

以0.02 mol/L氯化钯溶液为参比液,采用紫外分光光度法在380 nm±1 nm波长处测定盐酸林可霉素注射液中林可霉素的含量.结果表明,林可霉素在50 μg/mL～250 μg/mL范围内,其吸光度与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 9,平均回收率为99.5%,RSD为0.9%(n=5).该方法操作简便、快速,结果准确,适于作为生产企业中间产品的质量控制方法.     

3种死菌悬液制备方法对PMA-qPCR结果的影响

本试验利用热灭活致死法、超声裂解致死法和紫外线照射法3种制备结核分支杆菌死菌悬液的方法,比较不同灭菌方法制备的死菌对PMA-qPCR偶联技术结果的影响,选择结核分支杆菌死菌悬液的最佳制备方法制备后续试验中用到的结核分支杆菌死菌;探索PMA-qPCR偶联技术的适用范围和局限性.结果表明,热灭活法和超声裂解致死法制备的结核分支杆菌死菌悬液影响PMA-qPCR检测的Ct值的变化;紫外线照射法制备的结核分支杆菌死菌悬液对PMA-qPCR检测的Ct值没有影响;热灭活法是制备结核分支杆菌死菌悬液的最佳方法;PMA-qPCR偶联技术不适用于细胞膜无损伤致死法制备死菌的检测.     

Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of rDNA ITS of Three Eimeria Species in Rabbit

In order to study whether the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence could be used as a molecular marker for the species identification of rabbit coccidian, the rDNA ITS of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria flavescens and Eimeria magna were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector subsequently. The positive recombinant plasmids were identified by PCR and then sequenced. By sequence comparison and comparative analysis with the relative sequences of rabbit Eimeria spp. available in GenBank, the results showed that the lengths of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria flavescens and Eimeria magna were 1065, 1009 and 1047 bp, respectively, and the sequence homologies with the same species sequences were 99.2%, 99.0% and 94.5%, respectively, while were 55.3% to 82.1% compared with corresponding sequences of other different species sequences. The phylogenetic analysis using software Mega 5.0 showed that all rabbit coccidia clustered together in a clade, which was divided into two sister lineages, corresponding to the presence or absence of oocyst residuum. The result demonstrated ITS could be used as a molecular marker for the species identification of rabbit coccidia.     

论我党历史上的三次经验总结及其重大意义

在我党历史上先后有过3次大的经验总结，促进了党的自身建设及理论上的成熟。第一次总结为中国民主革命的胜利奠定了基础；第二次总结找到了有中国特色的社会主义建设道路；第三次总结把党对历史经验的总结提高到一个崭新的高度，为全面建设小康社会提供了有力的保证。     

青稞秸秆替代苇状羊茅对全混合日粮青贮早期发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响

本试验旨在研究不同比例青稞秸秆替代苇状羊茅对全混合日粮青贮早期发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响。试验设对照组(TH₀)和3个青稞秸秆不同比例替代组TH₅、TH₁₀和TH₁₅。青贮14 d开窖取样,分析其发酵品质、化学成分及微生物数量,将剩余的发酵TMR暴露于空气,用多通道温度记录仪记录温度变化;并分别在有氧暴露的第2,5和8天取样评定其有氧稳定性。结果表明,与对照组(TH₀)相比,TH₅的pH、乳酸、乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和乙醇含量无显著(P>0.05)差异;TH₁₀和对照相比pH差异不显著(P>0.05),但乳酸、乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和乙醇含量显著(P<0.05)低于对照组;TH₁₅ pH显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,乳酸、乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和乙醇含量显著(P<0.05)低于对照组;各组氨态氮/总氮和乳酸/乙酸无显著(P>0.05)差异,均以乳酸发酵为主,发酵品质良好。有氧暴露第2天后各组pH和氨态氮/总氮持续上升;乳酸、乙酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量持续下降;酵母菌和好氧细菌数量显著(P<0.05)升高。除TH₁₅外,其他各组温度在第35 h开始上升,TH₁₅温度上升延迟,并且温度上升峰值最小。和其他组相比,TH₁₅有氧稳定性最好。综合考虑发酵品质、有氧稳定性及对青稞秸秆资源的最大化利用,建议采用TH₁₅设计配方最为适宜。     

Genome-wide Association Study on Alive Litter Size Trait in Bama Xiang Pigs

In order to identify the molecular markers related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs,the genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to map and screen the candidate genes affecting the alive litter size trait.Ear tissue samples of 297 Bama Xiang pigs with multiple parity records were collected,and DNA was extracted and genotyped by porcine 50K SNP beadchip.After quality control and genotype imputation,the alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were GWAS by Tassel.The results showed that the average number born alive per litter of Bama Xiang pigs increased gradually with the increasing of parity in the range of 1-9 parities.A total of 32 816 SNPs were obtained after quality control and filtration.8 SNPs related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were screened by genome-wide association analysis,which were significant at genome or chromosome level.Based on the enrichment analysis of the coding genes in the region between 500 kb upstream and downstream of the associated significant SNP loci,and the QTL regions and gene functions related to porcine reproductive traits,4 genes (CAPZB,MSH3,CITED2 and HSD17B7) were finally identified to be candidate genes related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs.