Effects of application for international quality assurance certifications on the farm’s profit: evidence from Vietnamese shrimp

Aquaculture International - Food incidents have led to the increase in demand for food products certified by an international quality assurance certification of consumers all over the world. Shrimp...     

牛SCD基因研究进展

硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)是催化主要包括棕榈酰CoA(C16:0)、硬脂酰CoA(C18:0)在内的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)产生单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)合成的关键酶,对牛奶、脂肪组织中脂肪酸的组成以及肌肉间脂肪沉积有着重要影响.文章概述了近年来牛SCD基因相关的研究进展.     

陕西省丹江口库区及上游水土保持工程建设情况概述

丹江口库区及上游水土保持工程的启动实施,有效地保护了丹江口水库水源区的水质,有力地促进了当地经济发展,生态、经济、社会等效益显著。目前,陕西省项目管理机构健全,勘察、设计、施工、监理、监测等工作有序开展,工程的质量、进度、投资控制效果良好,项目建设进展顺利。但也存在治理范围小,难以发挥综合效益;投资标准低,影响综合治理措施配套等问题。就此提出了解决对策。     

天津滨海新区湿地退化现状及其恢复模式研究

滨海新区是东亚至澳大利亚候鸟迁徙的驿站,面积广阔的湿地生态系统为该区域主要的自然生态背景,区内有河流、湖泊、滩涂和沼泽等湿地类型,为水禽提供了必要的栖息地和繁殖地.但由于人为不合理利用和自然的原因导致滨海新区湿地退化现象严重.主要表现为自然湿地大量丧失、湿地被蚕食、湿地水质污染严重、湿地结构改变导致生态功能丧失.在分析退化原因的基础上,提出了恢复的对策并重点提出了针对滨海新区湿地恢复的林草地+湿地生态恢复模式,为该区域的湿地恢复和环境保护提供支持.     

基于GIS的安溪县土壤侵蚀潜在危险度评价

以安溪县遥感影像为基础,选取高程、坡度、植被覆盖度、坡向,土地利用类型、土壤类型作为评价安溪县土壤侵蚀潜在危险度的因素.计算出各个因素对于土壤侵蚀潜在危险度的得分值,运用特尔斐法(Delphi)与层次分析法(AHP)相结合的方法求出各个因素的权重值,基于ArcGIS 9.2平台上利用数学模型加权平均计算出土壤侵蚀潜在危险度综合得分.研究表明,安溪县全境的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度综合得分值为54,属于强险型的范畴.     

黄芪多糖饲料添加剂对罗非鱼白细胞吞噬能力和免疫器官指数的影响

选用罗非鱼120尾,随机分为5组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加100、500、1 000、1 500mg.kg-1的黄芪多糖试验日粮,投喂40d。每10d检测白细胞的吞噬能力和免疫器官增重情况。结果显示:500mg.kg-1、1 000mg.kg-1和1 500mg.kg-1组均能显著提高罗非鱼血液中白细胞吞噬能力,增加免疫器官的重量(P<0.05);而添加剂量为100mg.kg-1则不明显(P>0.05)。表明黄芪多糖可以不同程度地提高罗非鱼血液中白细胞的吞噬能力,促进免疫器官的发育与成熟。     

家蚕黄绿茧色性状的遗传研究

为了研究黄绿茧色性状分离的遗传情况,调查了亲本大造绿和黄白限及其杂交后代经济性状成绩、蚕茧的颜色及丝胶含量.结果表明,杂种(大造绿x黄白限)F1的死笼茧优势率最大,平均为72.93％;全茧量、茧层量、茧层率的优势率在15.6％～25％之间,结茧率和茧层率的杂种优势率在2.34％～7.88％之间;(大造绿×黄白限)F1代茧色全为绿色,(大造绿×黄白限)F2代茧色出现分离,有白色、浅绿色、绿色和深绿色,色度值分别为40.18、57.86、71.87、79.29;并对茧色的色度值与丝胶含量的关系作了相关性的分析.     

南瓜蚜传黄化病毒P0蛋白基因ihpRNA载体构建及烟草转化

P0蛋白是南瓜蚜传黄化病毒基因组编码的基因沉默抑制子。根据已克隆的CABYV P0蛋白基因序列,设计带酶切位点的特异性引物,PCR扩增用于构建RNAi表达载体的P0蛋白基因正反义片段。将正反义片段分别插入到含有内含子的中间载体pBSint上,得到重组的中间载体pBSint-P0-F-R。用Sal I和Sac I双酶切pBSint-P0-F-R,将切下的包括内含子和正反义P0蛋白基因在内的片段定向克隆到植物表达载体pCambia1300上,得到含有发卡结构的RNAi表达载体pCambia-P0-F-R。通过农杆菌介导的方法将该表达载体转化本生烟,经PCR检测,得到4株阳性转基因植株。为设计出更广谱、特异有效的抗病毒策略及研究病毒蛋白的功能特性及其侵染机制提供实验材料。     

Comparative effects of fumonisins on sphingolipid metabolism and toxicity in ducks and turkeys

Fumonisins (FBs) are mycotoxins that are found worldwide in maize and maize products. Their main toxic effects have been well characterized in poultry, but differences between species have been demonstrated. Ducks appeared very sensitive to toxicity, whereas turkeys are more resistant. At the same time, alterations of sphingolipid metabolism, with an increase of the concentration of the free sphinganine (Sa) in serum and liver, have been demonstrated in the two species, but the link between the toxicity of FBs and Sa accumulation remains difficult to interpret. The aim of the present work was to compare the effects of FBs (10 mg FB1 + FB2/kg body weight) on sphingolipid metabolism in ducks and turkeys. Growth, feed consumption, and serum biochemistry were also investigated to evaluate toxicity. The main results showed that FBs increased Sa concentrations in liver and serum in ducks and turkeys, but these accumulations were not directly correlated with toxicity. Sa accumulation was higher in the livers of turkeys than in ducks, whereas Sa levels were higher in the sera of ducks than in turkeys. Hepatic toxicity was more pronounced in ducks than in turkeys and accompanied a decrease of body weight and an increase of serum biochemistry in ducks but not in turkeys. So, although FBs increase Sa concentration in the livers of both species, this effect is not directly proportional to toxicity. The mechanisms of FB toxicity and/or the mechanisms of protection of ducks and turkeys to the Sa accumulation within the liver remain to be established.     

改进YOLOv5识别复杂环境下棉花顶芽

为提高复杂环境下棉花顶芽识别的精确率,提出了一种基于YOLOv5s的改进顶芽识别模型。建立了田间复杂环境下棉花顶芽数据集,在原有模型结构上增加目标检测层,提高了浅层与深层的特征融合率,避免信息丢失。同时加入CPP-CBAM注意力机制与SIOU边界框回归损失函数,进一步加快模型预测框回归,提升棉花顶芽检测准确率。将改进后的目标检测模型部署在Jetson nano开发板上,并使用TensorRT对检测模型加速,测试结果显示,改进后的模型对棉花顶芽识别平均准确率达到了92.8%。与Fast R-CNN、YOLOv3、YOLOv5s、YOLOv6等算法相比,平均准确率分别提升了2.1、3.3、2、2.4个百分点,该检测模型适用于复杂环境下棉花顶芽的精准识别,为后续棉花机械化精准打顶作业提供技术理论支持。