小麦抗病基因同源序列(RGAs)的克隆与分析

RGA(抗性基因同源序列)法是克隆植物抗性基因的一种经济有效的方法,成为近年来的研究热点。本实验综合分析了拟南芥,西红柿,水稻,烟草等植物已克隆的抗性基因,并以这些抗性基因的NBS(核酸结合位点),LRR(富含亮氨酸重复),STK(丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶)保守结构域设计并合成了几十对RGA引物,对小麦抗条锈病材料进行PCR扩增,获得以Xal-NBS为引物的R88RGA片段,经克隆和序列比对分析,发现该片段与逆境条件下植物抗病信号传导相关,与蛋白激酶同源性达到96%。此项研究对抗病机理的研究和基因的发掘有重要的指导意义。     

Prediction of heterosis using QTLs for yield traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Three double low (erucic acid and glucosinolates) self-incompatible lines and 22 varieties from different origins were selected to produce 66 hybrids according to a NC II mating design. Field experiments for identification of hybrid performance and heterosis were conducted in two successive rapeseed growing seasons in Wuhan, China. After heterosis identifications, SI-1300 and Eagle were chosen to construct an F₂ segregating population. One hundred and eighty four F_2:3 lines were planted at Wuhan and Jingmen to test yield traits. F₂ plants and the 25 parents were analyzed using simultaneously AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. A total of 270 and 718 polymorphic loci were detected in the F₂ population and among the 25 parental lines, respectively. Of the 718 polymorphic loci, 178 were significantly correlated to yield traits. With the use of one-way ANOVA, 84 common QTLs were detected for 12 traits at two trial locations. Although the genetic distances based on general/specific heterozygosities and single-locus QTLs showed significant correlations with hybrid performance and heterosis for some yield traits, the determination coefficients were low. The results suggested that neither heterozygosities nor QTLs for yield traits were suitable to predict hybrid performance and heterosis in Brassica napus.     

TTCH定量测定辣椒种子的活力及活力丧失原因的探讨

本文以辣椒种子为材料,测定了不同贮存年限的辣椒种子发芽率,用TTCH测定了其活力,结果表明活力指标与发芽率相关极显著,华椒1号的相关系数达0.8912,华椒17号的相关系数达0.9277。实验表明辣椒种子活力下降的内在因素是膜的破坏、活性物质减少及毒素积累等因素引起的。     

Genetic analysis of four self-incompatible lines in Brassica napus

Reciprocal hybridization between four self-incompatible lines of Brassica napus: 271, 181, 184 and ‘White Flower’, revealed incompatibility. The reciprocal F₁s obtained by bud pollination showed self-incompatible reactions, and no segregation for self-incompatibility was observed in all the reciprocal F₂ populations, indicating that lines 271, 181, 184 and ‘White Flower’ were genetically identical with regard to self-incompatibility. Observations of self-incompatibility in 17 hybrids from crosses between line 271 and 17 varieties of B. napus showed 10 of the F₁ hybrids to be self-compatible, while four were partially self-compatible and three were self-incompatible. Genetic analysis based on F₂ and BC₁ populations from five self-compatible F₁ hybrids and two self-incompatible F₁ hybrids suggested the existence of at least two loci controlling the self-incompatibility of line 271: one is the S locus, with dominant and recessive relationships between the S alleles, and the other is the suppressor (sp) of the S locus. The sp locus is genetically different from the S locus, and also shows dominant and recessive relationships between the sp alleles.     

竹炭陶土复合材料的制备和结构性能表征

以竹炭粉、陶土为主要原料,经混合、成型、干燥和煅烧等工艺制得竹炭陶土复合材料(以下称竹炭陶),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、拉曼光谱测试仪(Raman)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和比表面积测试仪等仪器,对竹炭陶的微晶构造、孔隙结构、吸附和红外辐射性能等进行表征。结果表明:竹炭微粒镶嵌在陶土基体中,保留原有以中孔为主的孔隙结构和类石墨化晶体结构,获得的竹炭陶具有较大的比表面积和中孔为主的孔隙结构,能有效地吸附甲醛、苯等有害气体。加入一定量的竹炭能提高竹炭陶的远红外发射率,其红外发射率均高于陶土和竹炭,结合红外吸收光谱谱图分析,竹炭陶具有高红外发射率的本质在于具有倍频吸收、分子基团振动、转动及晶格振动。     

森林资源资产评估中多方法验证

为了使森林资源资产评估过程更加科学,评估结果更加客观,通过多种方法计算比较分析验证发现,林业上的传统成本法与其它行业的不一样,未考虑经营合理利润,其评估值只是投资的价值,而不是投资价值。结果表明：森林资源资产评估中的成本法的折现率应该使用项目内部收益率,而不是待业基准收益率,通过这样的修正,使用一套指标,分别运用成本法...     

中国黄土地区土壤中天然放射性元素的生物地球化学

本文叙述了我国黄土地区主要类型土壤中天然放射性元素的含量水平、迁移积聚和剖面分布情况。研究结果表明，本地区土壤放射性元素的含量、比值和离散程度均接近其黄土母质，但各土类间仍表现出一定的分异，在弱碱性的土壤环境里，以（ＵＯ２）＾２＋存在的铀比较活跃。碳酸盐能促使铀的淋滤，而有机质的存在却有利于铀的积聚。钍和镭集中积蓄在富含粘粒的土层中，但在林地土壤中钍有淋移的迹象。从各核素的剖面分布看，土壤在发育过     

Molecular genetic and chemical assessment of radix Angelica (Danggui) in China

The roots of Angelica sinensis (Danggui), a traditional Chinese medicine, have been used for invigorating blood circulation for over 2000 years in China. Three common species of Angelica roots are found in Asia: A. sinensis from China, A. acutiloba from Japan, and A. gigas from Korea. By using a molecular genetic approach, the 5S-rRNA spacer domains of the three species of Angelica were amplified, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Diversity in DNA sequences among various species was found in their 5S-rRNA spacer domains, which could serve as markers for authentic identification of Angelica roots. In chemical analyses, the main constituents of Angelica roots including ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide were determined by HPLC; roots of A. sinensis were clearly distinct in that they contained approximately 10-fold higher levels of ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide as compared to roots of A. acutiloba and A. gigas. In addition, the amounts of main constituents in roots of A. sinensis varied according to different regions of cultivation and different methods of preservation. The chemical profile determined by HPLC therefore could serve as a fingerprint for quality control of Angelica roots.     

江苏省土壤钾素的供应能力与钾肥施用问题

随着我国农业生产的不断发展,复种指数和单位面积产量的不断提高,南方不少地区施用钾肥已成为夺取高产稳产的重要条件之一,有关土壤钾素状况和钾肥施用问题愈来愈受到人们的重视.江苏省地处我国南北的过渡带,其土壤是否缺钾,钾肥的需要程度如何,是生产实践上有待明确的一个问题.