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81.
Federico Tinivella Lucia M. Hirata Mikael A. Celan Sandra A. I. Wright Tahsein Amein Annegret Schmitt Eckhard Koch Jan M. van der Wolf Steven P. C. Groot Dietrich Stephan Angelo Garibaldi Maria Lodovica Gullino 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(2):139-151
Greenhouse trials were carried out in order to test the efficacy of different seed treatments as alternatives to chemicals
against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum cause of anthracnose on bean and Ascochyta spp. cause of Ascochyta blights on pea, respectively. Resistance inducers, commercially formulated microorganisms, non-formulated
selected strains of different microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and yeasts) and plant extracts were applied as dry or liquid
seed treatments on naturally infested seeds. Seedling emergence and disease incidence and/or severity were recorded. Almost
all seed treatments turned out to be ineffective in controlling the Ascochyta infections, which is in line with the literature
stating that these pathogens are difficult to control. The only alternative treatments that gave some control of Ascochyta spp. were thyme oil and a strain of Clonostachys rosea. The resistance inducers tested successfully controlled infections of bean by C. lindemuthianum. Among the formulated microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis-based formulations provided the best protection from anthracnose. Some strains of Pseudomonas putida, a disease-suppressive, saprophytic strain of Fusarium oxysporum and the mustard powder-based product Tillecur also proved to be effective against bean anthracnose. However, among the resistance
inducers as well as among the other groups, certain agents caused a significant reduction of plant emergence. Different alternative
seed treatments can therefore be used for the control of C. lindemuthianum on bean, while on pea only thyme oil and a strain of Clonostachys rosea showed some effectiveness against Ascochyta spp. 相似文献
82.
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84.
Toshiyuki Usami Mizuho Itoh Yoshimiki Amemiya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(6):422-427
Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne plant pathogen, causes wilt disease in many important crops. We reported previously that the mating type gene
MAT1-2-1 is spread to isolates of this asexual fungus. However, we did not determine whether V. dahliae is homothallic or heterothallic because the opposite mating type gene, MAT1-1-1, had not been identified. In the present study, we identified the MAT1-1-1 gene from an isolate lacking MAT1-2-1 and the mating type idiomorphs of V. dahliae. Each isolate we tested contained either the MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorph, indicating that the asexual fungus V. dahliae is potentially heterothallic. 相似文献
85.
Toshiyuki Komori Patricia N. Myers Shigehiro Yamada Tomoaki Kubo Hidemasa Imaseki 《Euphytica》2000,116(2):121-130
Sixty Nicotiana species were examined for tolerance against various osmotica for seed germination and seedling growth in vitro. The species showed a wide variety of tolerance, and based on the results of the in vitro tests, 31 species were selected and further evaluated for salt and drought tolerance in a glasshouse. The degrees of tolerance
of germination among the 57 species toward NaCl were approximately related to those toward mannitol, indicating that the osmolarity
plays a majorrole in seed germination. However, the responses during the seedling growth differed in NaCl and mannitol or
drought, and there was no correlation between salt and drought tolerance. Based on the responses in vitro and in the glasshouse, N. paniculata and N. excelsior were selected as the salt tolerant species, and N. arentsii as the salt sensitive species. The degrees of accumulation of dry matter and of Na+ in the leaves were different in the two tolerant species; during NaCl treatment, N. paniculata and N. arentsii accumulated less dry matter relative to the control plants than N. excelsior, and N. paniculata accumulated more Na+ in its leaves than N. excelsior and N. arentsii. It is assumed that the two salt tolerant species have different mechanisms for tolerance to the salt.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
86.
Fuminori Tanihara Maki Hirata Nhien T. Nguyen Quynh A. Le Takayuki Hirano Tatsuya Takemoto Michiko Nakai Dai‐ichiro Fuchimoto Takeshige Otoi 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(1):55-61
Recently, we established the GEEP (“gene editing by electroporation of Cas9 protein”) method, in which the CRISPR/Cas9 system, consisting of a Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA), is introduced into pig zygotes by electroporation and thus induces highly efficient targeted gene disruption. In this study, we examined the effects of sgRNA on the blastocyst formation of porcine embryos and evaluated their genome‐editing efficiency. To produce an animal model for diabetes, we targeted PDX‐1 (pancreas duodenum homeobox 1), a gene that is crucial for pancreas development during the fetal period and whose monoallelic disruption impairs insulin secretion. First, Cas9 protein with different sgRNAs that targeted distinct sites in the PDX‐1 exon 1 was introduced into in vitro‐fertilized zygotes by the GEEP method. Of the six sgRNAs tested, three sgRNAs (sgRNA1, 2, and 3) successfully modified PDX‐1 gene. The blastocyst formation rate of zygotes edited with sgRNA3 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of control zygotes without the electroporation treatment. Our study indicates that the GEEP method can be successfully used to generate PDX‐1 mutant blastocysts, but the development and the efficiency of editing the genome of zygotes may be affected by the sgRNA used for CRISPR/Cas9 system. 相似文献
87.
Fuminori Tanihara Maki Hirata Satoru Iizuka Shinya Sairiki Masahiro Nii Nhien Thi Nguyen Quynh Anh Le Takayuki Hirano Takeshige Otoi 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(6):712-718
The aim of this study was to investigate the ovarian follicular development, developmental competence of oocytes, and plasma anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels of Japanese wild boar crossbred (wild hybrid) gilts, whose litter size is inferior to that of European breeds. Ovary and plasma samples were collected from two different breeds of gilts (wild hybrid and Large White breeds). The ovaries from the wild hybrid gilts had a lower average numbers of secondary follicles and vesicular follicles in ovarian cross‐sections and of good quality oocytes collected from ovarian follicles as compared with those from Large White gilts (p < 0.05). The development rate to the blastocyst stage of good quality oocytes after in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture was also lower (p < 0.05) in wild hybrid gilts than in Large White gilts. Plasma AMH levels with >0.16 ng/ml were detected in 8.3% of the examined wild hybrid gilts and 33% of the Large White gilts. These results indicate that the low reproductive performance of wild hybrid breed may result in part from low numbers of vesicular follicles and good quality oocytes, and low developmental competence of oocytes. Moreover, plasma AMH levels may support low number of vesicular follicles in ovaries of wild hybrid gilts. 相似文献
88.
Minami Goto Keishi Owaki Akihiro Hirata Tokuma Yanai Hiroki Sakai 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(3):285-297
Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an apoptosis‐inducing cytokine that shows potential therapeutic value for human neoplasms, and is effective in some canine tumours; however, its potential for killing canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cells is unknown. Thus, we evaluated the proapoptotic effect of TRAIL in nine canine HSA cell lines. Cells (JuA1, JuB2, JuB2‐1, JuB4, Re11, Re12, Re21, Ud2 and Ud6) were cultured with three recombinant human TRAILs (rhTRAILs): TRAIL‐TEC derived from Escherichia coli, TRAIL‐TL derived from mammalian cells and isoleucine zipper recombinant human TRAIL (izTRAIL) containing an isoleucine‐zippered structure that facilitates trimerization. TRAIL‐TEC did not decrease the cell viability in any of the cell lines tested, whereas the other two rhTRAILs effectively decreased the viability of all cell lines as assessed by the WST‐1 assay. In canine HSA cells, izTRAIL induced apoptosis more effectively than TRAIL‐TL. In JuB4, Re12, and Ud6 cells, izTRAIL increased the activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐8 and caused poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase degradation. Moreover, izTRAIL treatment increased the proportion of Annexin V+/ Propidium iodide (PI)? apoptotic cells and nuclear fragmentation in izTRAIL‐sensitive cells. These results show that rhTRAIL can induce apoptosis in canine HSA cells, but the sensitivity of TRAIL was different depending on the cell lines. Therefore, TRAIL could be an effective therapeutic agent against canine HSA, but the specific mechanism of resistance should be determined to clarify under what conditions this treatment would be most effective. 相似文献
89.
Hayama Yoko Yanase Tohru Suzuki Moemi Unten Kazuhiko Tomochi Hisayuki Kakehi Mayu Shono Yukina Yamamoto Takehisa Kobayashi Sota Murai Kiyokazu Tsutsui Toshiyuki 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):209-215
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Akabane virus, the pathogen-causing Akabane disease, is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by the Culicoides biting midge. A nationwide... 相似文献