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71.
Canopy temperature on clear and cloudy days can be used to estimate varietal differences in stomatal conductance in rice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leaf photosynthetic potential, a major determinant of yield potential in rice, is mostly explained by stomatal conductance (gs) as well as leaf N content (Rubisco protein content). Therefore, the rapid and precise evaluation of gs as well as leaf N content would be a valuable addition to rice breeding programs aimed at improved yield potential. We established a simple method based on infrared thermography to estimate varietal differences in gs. Seven rice varieties were cultivated in two-row plots in 2007, and canopy temperatures in three varieties, including a control variety, Koshihikari, were simultaneously measured to determine canopy temperature difference (CTd) between Koshihikari and the other varieties on clear days. The varieties Takanari, Habataki, and TUAT1-5-6a displayed significantly (P < 0.05) lower leaf temperature and higher gs and leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) than Koshihikari. CTd was closely correlated with gs and Pn. These results indicate that CTd may be useful as a relative index to estimate varietal differences in gs. A significant CTd was still observed even under cloudy conditions in 2008. Takanari and TUAT1-5-6a had lower leaf temperature than Koshihikari on cloudy days as well as on clear days. Subsequent investigation of photosynthetic light response curves revealed that Takanari and TUAT1-5-6a had higher gs and Pn than Koshihikari under lower irradiance. These results suggest that infrared thermography may be a simple method of evaluating varietal differences in gs through CTd, and that it may be practicable even under cloudy conditions. 相似文献
72.
Tomohito Sano Takashi Hirano Naishen Liang Ryuichi Hirata Yasumi Fujinuma 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
A typhoon event catastrophically destroyed a 45-year-old Japanese larch plantation in southern Hokkaido, northern Japan in September 2004, and about 90% of trees were blown down. Vegetation was measured to investigate its regeneration process and CO2 flux, or net ecosystem production (NEP), was measured in 2006–2008 using an automated chamber system to investigate the effects of typhoon disturbance on the ecosystem carbon balance. Annual maximum aboveground biomass (AGB) increased from 2.7 Mg ha−1 in 2006 to 4.0 Mg ha−1 in 2007, whereas no change occurred in annual maximum leaf area index (LAI), which was 3.7 m2 m−2 in 2006 and 3.9 m2 m−2 in 2007. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) had become dominant within 2 years after the typhoon disturbance, and came to account for about 60% and 50% of AGB and LAI, respectively. In comparison with CO2 fluxes measured by the eddy covariance technique in 2001–2003, for 4.5 months during the growing season, the sum of gross primary production (GPP) decreased on average by 739 gC m−2 (64%) after the disturbance, whereas ecosystem respiration (RE) decreased by 501 gC m−2 (51%). As a result, NEP decreased from 159 ± 57 gC m−2 to −80 ± 30 gC m−2, which shows that the ecosystem shifted from a carbon sink to a source. Seasonal variation in RE was strongly correlated to soil temperature. The interannual variation in the seasonal trend of RE was small. Light-saturated GPP (Pmax) decreased from 30–45 μmol m−2 s−1 to 8–12 μmol m−2 s−1 during the summer season through the disturbance because of large reduction in LAI. 相似文献
73.
Akiyoshi H Sugii S Nahid MA Sone K Tanaka T Zheng C Yijyun L Aoki M Takenaka S Shimada T Shimizu J Kiyomiya K Ohashi F 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,144(3-4):255-258
The reactivity of different lectins with crude chromogranin A (CgA) obtained from different animals, namely, cow, horse, dog, pig, and dolphin, was examined to identify lectin(s) that would be useful as coating reagent(s) in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the different lectins studied, the Amaranthus caudatus lectin (ACA), which is specific for the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T)-antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAc), was found to react with the CgA from different animals by western blotting. Purified rabbit anti-bovine CgA antibody was also found to cross-react with the crude CgA preparations. On the basis of these findings, a sandwich ELISA was developed with ACA as the coating reagent and anti-bovine CgA antibody as the probing antibody. Using this method, concentration-dependent curves ranging from 0.003 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL and from 0.02 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL were obtained for bovine CgA and canine CgA, respectively. Similarly, concentration-dependent curves were obtained for the equine, swine, and dolphin crude CgA extracts. Thus, ACA is concluded to be a valuable reagent for CgA detection in crude extracts from different animal species, and for CgA isolation/purification. 相似文献
74.
Shimbata T Inokuma T Sunohara A Vrinten P Saito M Takiya T Nakamura T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4794-4800
Sweet wheat (SW), which lacks functional granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) and starch synthase IIa (SSIIa), accumulates high levels of free sugars in immature seeds. Here, we examined the effects of the lack of these two enzymes on mature kernel composition. Whole grain flour of SW had higher levels of sugars, particularly maltose, slightly higher ash and protein content, approximately two to three times higher lipid levels, and about twice as much total dietary fiber as parental or wild-type lines. Considerably higher levels of low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber (LMW-SDF), largely consisting of fructan, were also detected in SW. Although there were no differences in total amino acid levels, the free amino acid content of SW was approximately 4-fold higher than that of wild type, and the levels of certain free amino acids such as proline were particularly high. Thus, we were able to clearly demonstrate that the lack of GBSSI and SSIIa caused dramatic changes in mature seed composition in SW. These compositional changes suggest that SW flour may provide health benefits when used as a food ingredient. 相似文献
75.
76.
Quynh A. Le Maki Hirata Nhien T. Nguyen Koki Takebayashi Manita Wittayarat Yoko Sato Zhao Namula Masahiro Nii Fuminori Tanihara Takeshige Otoi 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seven concentrations of Cas9 protein (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 ng/µl) on the development and gene editing of porcine embryos. This included the target editing and off‐target effect of embryos developed from zygotes that were edited via electroporation of the Cas9 protein with guide RNA targeting Myostatin genes. We found that the development to blastocysts of electroporated zygotes was not affected by the concentration of Cas9 protein. Although the editing rate, which was defined as the ratio of edited blastocysts to total examined blastocysts, did not differ with Cas9 protein concentration, the editing efficiency, which was defined as the frequency of indel mutations in each edited blastocyst, was significantly decreased in the edited blastocysts from zygotes electroporated with 25 ng/µl of Cas9 protein compared with that of blastocysts from zygotes electroporated with higher Cas9 protein concentrations. Moreover the frequency of indel events at the two possible off‐target sites was not significantly different with different concentrations of Cas9 protein. These results indicate that the concentration of Cas9 protein affects gene editing efficiency in embryos but not the embryonic development, gene editing rate, and non‐specific cleavage of off‐target sites. 相似文献
77.
Toshiyuki Wakatsuki Hideaki Furukawa Keizaburo Kawaguchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):353-362
The Minimum Concentration for Specific Adsorption (MCSA) was defined as a reversal of the charge concentration of the ion at the infinite dilution of sol (adsorbent), or practically at such concentration of sol that equilibrium of the ion Is but negligibly affected by adsorption of the ion. The MCSAs of 15 species of cations were measured with respect to SiO2 at pH 4,6,5, and 10; the MCSAs of 10 species of anions were measured with respect to Fe(OH)3 at pH 4, and 6.5; and the MCSAs of 10 species of anions were measured with respect to Al-coated-SiO2 at pH 6.5. Relative specificities of the inorganic ions based on the MCSAs at pH 6.5 were as follows: The MCSAs of cations with respect to SiO2 and of anions to Fe(OH)3 and Al-coated-SiO2 at pH 6.5 had close relationships to ionic potentials and general solubility of the elements in water. Based on these results, the authors concluded that the MCSA could be used u an index of specificity (i.e. covalent bond-forming tendency) of an Jon at adsorption reactions. The values corresponding to the apparent stability constants of surface complexes formed by adsorption reaction with SiO2 and cations at pH 4 were calculated from the values of the MCSAs. 相似文献
78.
Matsuzaki Yuichi Uda Yukie Harada Toshiyuki Iwahashi Fukumatsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2022,88(5):318-324
Journal of General Plant Pathology - Metyltetraprole is a novel quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide designed to avoid cross-resistance in cytochrome b G143A-harboring QoI-resistant... 相似文献
79.
Hidehiro Inagaki Toshiyuki Imaizumi Guang-Xi Wang Tohru Tominaga Kimihiko Kato Hiroyuki Iyozumi Hideki Nukui 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(3):117-120
All living organisms spontaneously generate ultraweak photon emissions, which originate from biochemical reactions in cells. Current research uses the ultraweak photon emission from organisms as a novel indicator in nondestructive analyses of an organisms living state. This study indicates that ultraweak photon emissions from Monochoria vaginalis are different between resistant biotypes (R) to sulfonylurea (SU) and susceptible biotypes (S). In SU-R biotypes, distinct increases in photon emissions were observed, but there was little increase in SU-S biotypes. In addition, photon emissions from the resistant biotypes of M. vaginalis were suppressed by treatment with P450 inhibitors. This suggests that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, which plays a crucial role in the metabolic detoxification of SUs, could be associated with the generation of ultraweak photon emissions. Ultraweak photon emissions have a potential use in a novel diagnosis system as an indicator in a nondestructive testing of weeds resistant to SUs. 相似文献
80.
Quantitative evaluation of the degree of sprout leaf bending of rice cultivars using P-type Fourier descriptors and principal component analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
For decades, seedling peaches have been used as the standard rootstock in California almond orchards. Vigorous, deep rooted
trees are needed in almond orchards for maximum yields and to withstand the annual tree-shaking at harvest. Currently, researchers
are actively evaluating rootstocks for almonds in field trials and in various screening protocols. In this study, seedling
rootstocks, obtained from male-sterile advanced generation peach-almond (PEAL) hybrid mother trees, were compared with ‘Nemaguard’
peach seedlings for emergence in the nursery row, trunk caliper at propagation time, and end of season dormant above ground
tree weight. Seedling emergence was affected significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by seed source, as was trunk caliper and end of season dormant above ground tree weight. Trunk caliper and dormant
above ground tree weight were also affected significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by planting year. Results obtained in this study demonstrate the enhanced first year growth from seedlings of advanced
generation PEAL hybrids, as compared to ‘Nemaguard’ seedlings. Seedling emergence in the rootstock bed was not affected significantly
by planting year. Advanced generation PEAL hybrid seedlings were ready for June-budding at an earlier date compared to ‘Nemaguard’
seedlings, providing the potential for larger-sized finished nursery stock by the end of the growing season. Due to the male-sterile
status of the advanced generation PEAL mother trees, bloom periods of several root-knot nematode resistant rootstock cultivars
were examined for their degree of synchronicity with the mother trees. The examined rootstocks and mother trees varied in
both chill hour and post-chill heat requirements necessary to effect bloom. ‘Flordaguard’ peach rootstock began bloom in advance
of the male-sterile mother trees, whereas the bloom period of ‘Tsukuba No. 4’ occurred well after, suggesting they would not
be effective synchronous pollenizers for consistent hybrid seed production. Based on more limited flowering period data, better
bloom synchronicity was achieved with a Tsukuba No. 4 X Flordaguard hybrid. 相似文献