樟子松人工林生长与收获预估模型的研究

以可变密度全林分预估模型理论为指导,探讨建立了樟子松人工林地位级指数和林分密度指数经验方程,结合林分密度动态预估模型,建立了樟子松人工林断面积预估模型和蓄积量预估模型。经检验模型预测值与实测值误差为3.64%,模型精度96.37%。     

Effects of temperature on Renibacterium salmoninarum infection and transmission potential in Chinook salmon,Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum)

Renibacterium salmoninarum is a significant pathogen of salmonids and the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Water temperature affects the replication rate of pathogens and the function of the fish immune system to influence the progression of disease. In addition, rapid shifts in temperature may serve as stressors that reduce host resistance. This study evaluated the effect of shifts in water temperature on established R. salmoninarum infections. We challenged Chinook salmon with R. salmoninarum at 12 °C for 2 weeks and then divided the fish into three temperature groups (8, 12 and 15 °C). Fish in the 8 °C group had significantly higher R. salmoninarum‐specific mortality, kidney R. salmoninarum loads and bacterial shedding rates relative to the fish held at 12 or 15 °C. There was a trend towards suppressed bacterial load and shedding in the 15 °C group, but the results were not significant. Bacterial load was a significant predictor of shedding for the 8 and 12 °C groups but not for the 15 °C group. Overall, our results showed little effect of temperature stress on the progress of infection, but do support the conclusion that cooler water temperatures contribute to infection progression and increased transmission potential in Chinook salmon infected with R. salmoninarum.     

Leucocyte profile and growth rates as indicators of crowding stress in pejerrey fingerlings (Odontesthes bonariensis)

Crowding is one of the most common stressors found in intensive aquaculture, compromising growth rates and immune function. Plasmatic cortisol is a classic stress biomarker for fish, but its quantification is expensive and demands blood volumes that small individuals do not provide, constraining the usage of this technique to assess stress in fingerlings. The leucocyte profile is an alternative methodology to quantify stress with reduced costs and volumes of blood. Stress conditions promote neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia as response to elevated glucocorticoids levels. Considering the difficulties to assess stress imposed by intensive fish farming using measurement of glucocorticoid hormones, this study aimed to evaluate the stress‐induced changes in leucocyte profiles and growth rates imposed by crowding in fingerlings of Odontesthes bonariensis, a promising South‐American candidate for freshwater aquaculture. To meet these objectives, fingerlings (initial weight 0.05 ± 0.06 g and length 1.68 ± 0.13 cm) were reared for 45 days under three rearing densities (1, 5 and 10 fingerlings L^?1). At the end of this period, fish were anaesthetized and euthanized to obtain the leucocyte profile, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (N:L) and growth rate. Increasing density promoted: significant reduction in growth (final length, weight and specific growth rate); neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia; and increased N:L ratio. Concluding, the tested rearing densities imposed distinct levels of stress characterized by different N:L ratio, demonstrating that the leucocyte profile is a reliable alternative to measure stress levels in O. bonariensis fingerlings and probably in other fish species.     

干法灰化—石墨炉原子吸收法测定面制食品中铝含量

建立了面制食品中铝残留量的石墨炉原子吸收测定方法。通过干法灰化样品,筛选最佳石墨炉原子吸收分析条件,并对面制食品中铝进行测定。结果显示,该法在质量浓度20～50μg/L内呈线性关系,相关系数R=0.9998,回收率96.4%～98.5%,RSD为1.46%～3.32%;定量限下限7.35μg/L,最低检出质量浓度3.50μg/L。该方法结果符合要求,操作简便、快速、准确、干扰小、检出限低,适用于面制食品中铝含量的测定。     

大花蕙兰幼苗叶片诱导类原球茎

以大花蕙兰无菌幼苗叶片为外植体,成功诱导类原球茎(PLB).叶片部位是影响诱导的关键,只有叶片基部片段能成功诱导出PLB.不同激素配比以及外植体来源对PLB诱导有重要的影响.低浓度的2,4-D和较高浓度的6-BA对于拟球茎诱导PLB具有显著的促进作用.当2,4-D浓度高于0.6 mg/L时,PLB诱导受到显著抑制.较高的2,4-D水平可能有利于PLB诱导初始阶段,但不利于PLB诱导中后期的进一步发育.不同基因型有不同的最佳激素组合.添加0.2 mg/L的NAA对大花蕙兰PLB诱导没有显著影响,但在有的基因型中对PLB诱导有促进作用.以叶片基部片段诱导大花蕙兰PLB是可行的,为转基因研究提供了再生技术基础.     

关于黑龙江省森林食品资源开发利用的思考

通过对黑龙江省森林食品资源及产业现状的优势分析,提出了森林食品产业发展的措施及建议,以期为促进森林食品资源的合理开发利用,调整森林食品产业结构,增加林区经济收入提供参考。     

基于机器视觉的嫁接用苗外观特征自动检测

提出了基于数学模型的幼苗外观特征自动检测方法,检测项目包括生长状态、子叶参数和胚轴参数。首先经过图像预处理提取幼苗二值图,利用行像素统计图确定特征参数基准点位置。然后以标定胚轴最小矩形倾斜度和宽度判定弯曲状态;子叶跨度通过两子叶端点距离确定,子叶展开角通过两子叶底端平展位置拟合线夹角判定;胚轴弯曲度通过胚轴中心线上曲率最大的位置为分界点分别判断两段斜度而求得,胚轴长、轴径结合斜度补偿求得。与手工测量数据对比,轴长、轴径和子叶跨度的相关系数分别为0.935 1、0.899 9和0.903 4,相对误差分别小于7%、5%和7%,绝对误差分别小于4 mm、0.2 mm和6 mm。     

南帕斯凝析油卸船的安全措施

针对南帕斯凝析油接卸作业过程中易产生较高含量有毒气体的问题,分析了凝析油的基本性质和硫化物分布情况,以识别其有毒气体成分.描述了接卸作业前和码头接卸作业两个阶段的注意事项:接卸作业前应对各个作业环节进行风险识别,制定应急方案,并确保设备完整;码头接卸作业前先进行作业准备,划定作业警戒区且保证消防通道畅通,接卸作业时,持续进行硫化氢检测,接卸作业后,及时对管道进行置换.最后,指出检尺口和卸船舱口为主要泄漏风险部位,提出了解决措施.     

高酸值米糠油酶法酯化脱酸研究

对脂肪酶Novozym 435催化高酸值米糠油酯化脱酸进行了研究.利用响应面分析法(RSM)优化脱酸条件.根据Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计原理对试验条件进行优化,在分析各因素显著性及其交互作用的基础上,得出米糠油酯化脱酸最佳工艺参数为:酶质量分数1.1％、甘油添加量0.42 mg、温度56.4℃、反应时间23.2 h.实际测得脱酸后米糠油酸值(KOH)由56 mg/g降为5.04 mg/g,游离脂肪酸酯化率达到91％,与模型预测值基本相符.