莱州湾落网开发试验

莱州湾落网根据莱州湾水浅，流小特点设计而成，通过放大网目，在增端增设导鱼装置，改进固定装置，使网具结构更合理而有创新，９１年专家鉴定认为，本研究成果填补了莱州湾落网作业空白，达到省内先进水平。     

Alternative vegetable lipid sources in diets for grouper, Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton): effects on growth, and muscle and liver fatty acid composition

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different oils on growth performance and lipid metabolism of the grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Five experimental fish meal‐based isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated containing either 5.5%‐added fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SBO), corn oil (CO), sunflower oil (SFO) or peanut oil (PO). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial body weight 13.2±0.02 g) grown in seawater at 28.0–30.5 °C for 8 weeks. Fish were fed twice a day to visual satiety. No significant differences in the survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio or hepatosomatic index were found between fish fed the FO or vegetable oils (VO) diets. Dietary lipid sources did not affect whole‐body composition among grouper fed the various diets. Muscle of fish fed the FO diet had significantly higher levels of 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n‐7, 20:5n‐3[eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)+EPA (except for PO fed fish) compared with those of fish fed VO diets. However, the levels of 18:1n‐9, 18:2n‐6 and DHA/EPA ratios in the muscle of fish fed FO diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed the VO diets. The liver of fish fed the FO diet had significantly higher levels of 18:0, 20:5n‐3, 22:6n‐3, n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and DHA+EPA than those of fish fed the VO diets, whereas increases in 18:1n‐9, 18:2n‐6 and mono‐unsaturated fatty acid levels were observed in the liver of fish fed the VO diets.     

长吻鮠精子保存液在人工授精中的应用试验

分别在安徽长江流域的无为和淮河流域的滁州进行长吻鮠的人工繁殖,使用LRH-A2、PG、混合激素B型、DOM 进行催产,从长江捕获的亲鱼立即催产,其催产率为66．67％,受精率80％-85％,经培育选择后催产率为83．33％,受精率65%- 87％。在滁州经多年培育的亲鱼催产率为100％,受精率78％-95％。精子保存液在精子保存和人工授精中使用效果良好。在冰桶内保存,20-30 h仍能保持良好的受精能力。     

Effects of dietary carbohydrate level on growth and body composition of juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus

A growth trial was conducted to feed juvenile tilapia (initial weight, 9.1±0.1 g), Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus, isonitrogenous diets for 8 weeks. Six diets were formulated containing 29% crude protein from casein and gelatin, 10% crude fat from soybean oil and refined soybean lecithin and varying levels of corn starch ranging from 6% to 46% at increments of 8%, with corresponding energy to protein (E/P) ratios of 35.6, 37.9, 40.2, 42.5, 44.8 and 47.1 kJ g^?1. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in fish fed diets with starch ≥22% (or E/P ratio ≥40.2 kJ g^?1) than in fish fed diets with 6% or 14% starch (or E/P ratio of 35.6 or 37.9 kJ g^?1). No further improvement was measured when dietary starch content increased beyond 22%. Body protein retention showed the same general pattern as WG, and was highest in fish fed the 22% starch diet. Body composition was significantly affected by dietary starch level. Fish fed diets with starch ≥30% had significantly higher lipid content than fish fed diets with 6% or 14% starch. Ash content was negatively correlated with starch inclusion level, but moisture and protein contents did not show discernible trends among treatments. Results indicate that hybrid tilapia can utilize 46% dietary starch without growth retardation, while 22% starch in feed for juvenile tilapia containing 29% protein and 10% lipid, or an E/P ratio of 37.9 kJ g^?1 is optimal.     

Optimal dietary protein requirement of grouper Epinephelus coioides juveniles fed isoenergetic diets in floating net cages

An experiment to determine the optimal protein requirement of grouper Epinephelus coioides juveniles was conducted in floating net cages (1.5 m × 1 m × 1.5 m). Six isoenergetic fishmeal–casein‐based experimental diets containing 350–600 g kg^?1 crude protein (CP) were fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (10.7 ± 0.2 g) for 56 days. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing dietary protein level from 350 to 450 g kg^?1 and then plateaued above these levels. Feed intake (FI) showed no significant difference among fish fed more than 350 g kg^?1 CP. Lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found for fish fed 500 g kg^?1 CP but this was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 450 and 600 g kg^?1 CP. Lowest protein efficiency ratio (PER) was found for fish fed 550 and 600 g kg^?1 CP. Fish fed the 600 g kg^?1 CP had the highest body protein and moisture contents but the lowest body lipid content. Body ash content was unaffected by protein level for fish fed >400 g kg^?1 CP. Dietary protein level had no significant effect on hepatosomatic index (HSI). Fish fed the 350 g kg^?1 CP had significantly lower condition factor (CF) and viscerosomatic index (VSI). Based on broken‐line regression analysis of SGR the optimal dietary protein requirement for E. coioides juveniles was determined to be close to 480 g kg^?1.     

开菲尔粒中微生物菌群及分离鉴定研究进展

开菲尔粒是发酵开菲尔的传统发酵剂,是由乳酸菌与酵母菌等众多微生物之间的共生作用而形成的粒状结构。因为其微生物菌群组成复杂且分布不均,一直是众多学者的研究重点。本文主要介绍了开菲尔粒中的微生物菌群及其之间的相互关系,并简介了各个菌种分离鉴定方法的研究进展。     

牛场地表土壤中芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定

以呼和浩特市某牛场地表土壤为研究对象,通过传统的微生物培养方法和基于16S r RNA基因序列的新型分子生物学方法对其中的微生物进行了分析。结果显示在牛场地表土壤中共鉴定出蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)、产芽孢梭菌(Clostridium sporogenes)、纯黄肠球菌(Enterococcus gilvus)和拜氏梭菌(Clostridium beijerinckii)共40株,并通过16S r RNA基因序列的系统发育树研究得到蜡样芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌这三种优势芽孢杆菌之间的亲缘关系。该研究为后续开发应用于无抗饲料添加剂和生物农药的绿色、安全、高效的益生芽孢杆菌微生态制剂提供一定的数据基础。     

珍稀泌盐植物长叶红砂两个ＷＲＫＹ转录因子的克隆及表达分析

 根据长叶红砂转录组数据信息,选取在盐胁迫处理后表达上调明显且注释结果为ＷＲＫＹ 转录因子的两个ｃＤＮＡ 片段。通过ｃＤＮＡ 末端快速扩增技术（ｒａｐｉｄａｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃＤＮＡｅｎｄｓ,ＲＡＣＥ）,从长叶红砂中克隆获得２个ＷＲＫＹ基因。在ＮＣＢＩ数据库比对与拟南芥At ＷＲＫＹ ３３同源性分别为７９％和８７％,因此命名为Rt ＷＲＫＹ３３-１和Rt ＷＲＫＹ ３３-２。其中Rt ＷＲＫＹ３３-２的ｃＤＮＡ 全长２１６３ｂｐ,开放阅读框（ｏｐｅｎｒｅａｄｉｎｇｆｒａｍｅ,ＯＲＦ）长度为１６８１ｂｐ,编码５７３个氨基酸;Rt ＷＲＫＹ ３３-１的ｃＤＮＡ 全长２１５５ｂｐ,开放阅读框长度为１７７６ｂｐ,编码５９１个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析表明这两个基因均具有两个ＷＲＫＹ 结构域,属于典型的Ｉ类ＷＲＫＹ 转录因子。蛋白结构预测分析发现,两个蛋白的一级结构和二级结构在ＷＲＫＹ 结构域的氨基酸序列和结构特性的相似性较高,但是在非保守结构域部分,尤其是Ｎ 末端（１～８０ａａ之间）、第１个ＷＲＫＹ 结构域之前（１９０～２４０ａａ之间）和两个ＷＲＫＹ 结构域之间（４３０～４５０ａａ之间）等位置的差异明显,可能对两个基因功能有一定影响。半定量ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ 分析表明,４ 种非生物胁迫均能诱导这两个基因的表达,但是盐、冷和ＡＢＡ 对Rt ＷＲＫＹ ３３-２诱导尤为明显,同时Rt ＷＲＫＹ ３３-２对干旱胁迫的响应更快,因此这两个基因在长叶红砂抵御非生物胁迫的应答反应中发挥的作用可能不同。本研究为深入探索ＷＲＫＹ３３转录因子在长叶红砂中的作用机制奠定了基础。     

浅议我国对流浪动物的管理

我国宠物数量的快速增长,带来庞大了的流浪动物群。流浪动物群体的不断增长不仅影响着城市面貌,也给社会公共卫生安全埋下了隐患,引起了广泛的社会关注。通过研究我国流浪动物现状及不同国家和地区对流浪动物的立法及管理措施,针对我国流浪动物存在的隐患和管理问题,探讨我国流浪动物的管理措施和对策,以提高我国流浪动物管理水平,维护公共卫生安全。