猪场生物安全体系中十个通道的设计应用

2018年8月开始,非洲猪瘟在我国快速多点发生,该病是高度接触性传染性疾病,目前无有效的疫苗和药物控制,各大公司和养殖户开始了猪场生物安全体系的升级改造。两年后我国大部分猪场的成功复产,全国生猪出栏量的大幅提升,证明了生物安全措施巨大效力;同时在严格的生物安全措施下创新了精准剔除、快速复产等操作,进一步证明了生物安全措施的有效作用。文章主要介绍猪场生物安全体系中入口(大门)和出口(后门)最为关键防线处的通道设计,方便所有的生物安全操作能够高效落实,切断病原轻易进出猪场的途径。     

仔猪日粮中添加糖萜素对生产性能及腹泻率影响研究

本试验按性别和体重选用120头杜×长×大21日龄断奶健康仔猪进行饲喂试验,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复8头猪。研究结果表明,饲料中添加糖萜素,提高了仔猪的日增重和采食量。糖萜素与黄霉素有一定的协同作用。     

Identification of lactic acid bacteria in the feces of dairy cows fed whole crop maize silage to assess the survival of silage bacteria in the gut

In order to assess the survival of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in whole crop maize silage in the gut of dairy cows, one representative silage sample and three different feces samples were collected from dairy cows on three dairy farms in Hua Bei, China and three dairy farms in Kyushu, Japan. The composition of the bacterial community was examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lactobacillus acetotolerans was detected in all bunker‐made maize silage samples, regardless of the dairy farm or sampling region from which they were sourced. A total of eight LAB species were detected in the maize silage samples, of which three (L. acetotolerans, L. pontis and L. casei) appeared to survive digestion. The populations of L. acetotolerans in silage and feces were 10^6–7 and 10^3–4 copies/g, respectively, indicating that, even for the LAB species showing potential survival in the gut, competition in this niche may be harsh and the population may substantially decrease during the digestion process. It may be difficult for silage LAB to survive in the gut of silage‐fed dairy cows, because marked decrease in population can take place during the digestion process, even for surviving species.     

乙型脑炎病毒的发病机理及毒力致病分子机理的研究

乙型脑炎病毒所引起的疾病日本脑炎是严重威胁人畜健康的一种中枢神经系统的急性传染病,该病以蚊为媒介而传播,以高热和狂暴或沉郁等神经症状为特征,具有明显的季节性和一定的地理分布区。本文主要介绍了乙型脑炎的发病机理、病毒基因组成、乙型脑炎的发病机理和毒力致病机理的研究,从乙脑病毒的基因组结构及其所编码的蛋白质的功能上分析乙脑病毒的毒力致病机理与基因结构的关系及其研究进展,为进一步掌握乙脑病毒强弱毒株基因结构的差异及研究其基因工程疫苗提供了理论基础。     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

A cluster of two psittacosis cases among women farmers exposed to Chlamydia psittaci-infected domestic poultry in Zhejiang Province,China

A cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real-time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76-year-old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64-year-old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci-infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4-week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter-human transmission seems unlikely.     

不同单酶制剂混合检测对比研究

试验以木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶和酸性蛋白酶为对象,首先研究了酸性蛋白酶分别和其他3种单酶进行混合后酶活测定值变化情况,结果表明,酸性蛋白酶对其他3种单酶的检测结果没有影响;试验第二部分研究了4种单酶整体混合在一起后各单酶测定值的变化情况,结果表明,木聚糖酶测定值出现很大偏高,其他3种单酶测定结果未出现显著偏差;进行进一步论证试验表明,淀粉酶可能是使木聚糖酶测定结果偏高的原因。     

辅导员进公寓工作与学风建设

目前,国内大多数高校中思想政治辅导员正在成为学风建设中坚力量,具有管理和育人双重身份,是学风建设直接组织者和实施者.优良学风是保证高校教育质量,培养高素质人才重要前提.公寓是学生日常生活、学习的主要场所,加强学生公寓思想政治教育工作和安全稳定管理是新形势下赋予高校重要任务.辅导员进学生公寓,是大学生思想政治教育工作"跟进式教育"理念实践,对于加强和改善高校学风建设工作起到积极推进作用且意义重大.     

云南德宏水牛乳基本组分的研究

本实验采用乳品分析仪对云南德宏奶水牛与荷斯坦牛乳中乳糖、乳脂、乳蛋白、总固形物、非脂固形物等含量进行测定。同时采用SDS-PAGE对乳蛋白各组分进行分离,并利用凝胶成像系统进行扫描定量。结果表明,德宏奶水牛乳中乳脂、乳糖、乳蛋白、总固形物、非脂固形物含量都极显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P0.01)。酪蛋白百分含量在两个品种乳蛋白中占优势。德宏奶水牛乳蛋白中α-乳白蛋白含量显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P0.05),而β-乳球蛋白含量显著低于荷斯坦牛乳(P0.05),血清白蛋白和酪蛋白则差异不显著(P0.05)。     

饲用荞麦在畜牧业中的应用与研究

荞麦(Fagopyrum esulentum)原产于中国,其栽培种甜荞和苦荞在世界各地已被广泛种植,我国西南地区蕴含着丰富的野生荞麦资源。荞麦营养丰富,除含有常见的蛋白质、纤维素和糖类外,还富含芦丁等抗氧化物质,具有耐瘠薄、抗病虫害、适应性强、生长迅速等优点,特别是一些野生种叶片大、叶量多,更适合于刈割,这些优点使其成为一种很具有发展潜力的优质牧草资源。但目前荞麦的饲用价值仍未得到充分的发掘与利用。本文着重介绍了荞麦在我国的栽培、饲用历史和现状,结合荞麦饲用于猪、反刍动物及家禽等方面的研究进展,分析了荞麦在饲用化发展中将面临的问题,并对其应用前景进行了评价与展望。