河南省部分地区乳牛隐孢子虫病的流行病学调查

为进一步掌握乳牛隐孢子虫病在河南省的流行动态,从河南省郑州、开封、济源和鹤壁4个地区9个奶牛场采集12月龄以内的乳牛粪便样品582份,用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法进行检测。结果显示,隐孢子虫总感染率为26．12％（152／582）。其中,断乳前犊牛（5日龄至2月龄）隐孢子虫感染率为30．91％（51／165）,断乳后犊牛（3～12月龄）感染率为24．22％（101／417）。依据形态数值初步鉴定为2种隐孢子虫,即微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫。微小隐孢子虫在断乳前犊牛阳性样品中的比率为50．98％（26／51）,在断乳后乳牛阳性样品中的比率为9．90％（10／101）。另外,饲养方式（断乳前犊牛单独隔离饲养和未隔离饲养）对断乳前犊牛2种隐孢子虫的感染率有显著影响。     

Molecular cloning,purification and immunogenicity of recombinant Brucella abortus 544 malate dehydrogenase protein

The Brucella mdh gene was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli. The purified recombinant malate dehydrogenase protein (rMDH) was reactive to Brucella-positive bovine serum in the early stage, but not reactive in the middle or late stage, and was reactive to Brucella-positive mouse serum in the late stage, but not in the early or middle stage of infection. In addition, rMDH did not react with Brucella-negative bovine or mouse sera. These results suggest that rMDH has the potential for use as a specific antigen in serological diagnosis for early detection of bovine brucellosis.     

不同生境下陌上菜的形态解剖学比较

本研究首次采用GMA切片等方法对不同生境下陌上菜的形态结构进行了深入的研究。结果显示,陌上菜种苗发育具有水生植物的特征:种子及种苗需浸水萌发及发育,具下胚轴毛,胚根发育迟缓。成株的营养器官兼具水生及陆生植物的结构特征:完全陆生的植株和湿生植株的气生部位具有较厚角质层,发达的机械组织及较发达的通气组织。完全水生的植株和湿生植株浸水部位的角质层和机械组织不发达,但通气组织非常发达。生殖器官:完全陆生和湿生的植株具有闭锁和开放2种类型的花,而完全水生的植株仅具闭锁花,从而保证了这一物种在不同生境下均能正常结实。此外,陌上菜具有特立中央胎座。本研究首次揭示了陌上菜在不同生境下种苗发育、营养器官及生殖器官结构的变化,完善了陌上菜的形态学,为进一步研究母草科的系统学提供了形态学依据。     

基于体外细胞模型的霉菌毒素毒性评价

霉菌毒素是由多种真菌产生的次级代谢产物,广泛存在于食品和饲料中。霉菌毒素污染的粮食和饲料会给畜牧业生产和畜产品质量安全带来极大隐患。研究霉菌毒素致毒机理,为今后研究其对动物及人的影响开展更深入更全面的研究提供理论依据。细胞模型作为一种常用的体外试验方法广泛用于毒理学研究中。本文简述了黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和展青霉素(PAT)的一般特性,并综述了利用细胞模型进行AFB_1、OTA、DON、ZEA和PAT毒性、联合毒性及致毒机理研究的进展。     

Study on the Change Rule of Egg Yolk Antibody in Laying Hens after First Immunization by Japanese Encephalitis Virus

The purpose of this experiment was to study the immunization rule of the egg yolk antibody affected by different vaccines,immunization dose and injection ways and further to discuss the optimal immunization procedures of the laying hens for the preparation of egg yolk antibody against swine Japanese encephalitis virus.180 brown laying hens without any vaccines were selected and divided into 18 groups randomly,each group of 10 hens.Groups 1,2 were the control groups,injected with the sterile saline;Groups 3 to 10 were injected with subcutaneous or intramuscular injection,and the vaccine was injected with 0.2,0.5,1.0 and 1.5 mL successively.Groups 11 to 18 were also adopted two kinds of injection,followed by the same dose of vaccine immunization.Six eggs of each experimental group were gathered before immune day and after 3,7,10,14,18,21 and 28 days,the egg yolk antibody was extracted and the titer was determined.As a result,the egg yolk antibody titers of groups 1 to 6,11 and 12 were all 0,and no significant immune response produced;The hens from 7 to 10 groups were injected with the inactivated vaccine.After 7 days,the average antibody titer reached the peak,and the duration of the antibody was 14 days.The hens from 13 to 18 groups were injected with the attenuated virus vaccine.After 14 days,the average antibody titer reached the highest value,and the duration of the antibody was 21 days.The egg yolk antibody titers were not significantly different in the two compared experiment groups with the same injection dose but with different injection ways (P>0.05).With the same injection way of each experiment group,and the difference was significant (P>0.05).Compared with some groups with the same injection and vaccine,the titer of yolk antibody was gradually increased with the increase of the immune dose,and the difference was significant (P<0.05).The results showed that,no matter intramuscular or subcutaneous injection,in order to produce a significant immune response to hens,the immune antigen dose was 1.0 mL inactivated vaccine or 0.5 mL attenuated vaccine at least.Compared with the attenuated and inactivated vaccine,inactivated vaccine stimulated the body to produce the antibody faster,but the maintenance time was shorter;The lower dose of attenuated vaccine could stimulate the body to produce antibodies,but the speed was slower,the maintenance time was longer.     

蜜蜂秋季管理要点

科学合理的蜜蜂秋季管理,不仅可以使蜜蜂安全越冬,还能促使蜜蜂来年早春的春繁顺利进行。为了向广大蜂业工作者提供一个全面的蜜蜂秋季管理参考资料,从蜂箱、蜂群、饲喂及病害防治4个方面入手,对蜜蜂的秋季管理要点进行整合。     

门源草原毛虫茧的空间分布型

通过采用聚集度指标检验的方法，对门源草原毛虫茧在矮嵩草草甸中的空间格局进行研究。结果表明，该虫雄茧（内有雄蛹）和雌茧（内有雌蛹或雌成虫或卵）的空间分布型属于聚集分布。并测定了茧个体群大小，分析了聚集原因，为野外抽样调查，密度估计及预测预报提供了依据。     

正强化训练对笼养黑叶猴粪便代谢组的影响

行为训练做一种丰容手段,在圈养野生动物管理中正逐渐运用。其目的是通过正强化刺激,让动物学会指令配合动物管理,从而减少胁迫。然而目前并没有合适的生理指标来评价训练对动物的影响。本实验对象是杭州动物园饲养的2只黑叶猴,通过对其中1只“大杭”个体进行持续30 d的正强化行为训练,训练目标为肌肉注射。通过GC-MS代谢组手段测定粪便所有代谢产物。模型显示,行为训练后大杭粪便代谢组与训练前具有显著的区别(PLS-DA:R^2y=0.951,Q 2=0.502;(O)PLS-DA:R^2y=0.95,Q 2=0.454)。通过差异代谢物和代谢物富集分析发现,代谢物变化通路主要有氨基酸代谢(亮氨酸、异亮氨酸的生物合成及分解途径,甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸代谢以及半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸代谢均下调),核酸和能量代谢(丙二酸、嘧啶、肌苷、乳糖代谢在行为训练动物上得到显著增强)。正强化训练可能通过强化动物的主动运动,提高新陈代谢水平来调节动物生理水平。     

江西地方品种水牛产肉性能及肉品质分析研究

对18～24月龄鄱阳湖、峡江和信丰山地3个江西地方品种水牛各3头,进行肉用性能和牛肉主要营养养分的测定分析。结果表明,水牛肌肉肉色符合标准,且无PSE肉、DFD肉产生,符合优质肉牛标准;鄱阳湖水牛的胴体重、净肉重、胴体产肉率、Fe含量、Zn含量较高,显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）;鄱阳湖水牛18种氨基酸含量除酪氨酸外均高于其它2个地方品种,其中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸及胱氨酸含量显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）,鲜味氨基酸、甜鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）;牛肉脂肪酸中花生酸含量在品种间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,而其它各种脂肪酸含量、硬脂肪酸总含量和不饱和脂肪总含量在品种间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。     

A cluster of two psittacosis cases among women farmers exposed to Chlamydia psittaci-infected domestic poultry in Zhejiang Province,China

A cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real-time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76-year-old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64-year-old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci-infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4-week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter-human transmission seems unlikely.