细胞穿膜肽pep-1与vMIP-Ⅱ的融合表达与纯化

细胞穿膜肽是一类能携带大分子物质进入细胞的短肽,其穿膜能力不依赖经典的胞吞作用。本研究构建了含有细胞穿膜肽pep-1和病毒巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-Ⅱ（viral macrophage inflammatory protein-Ⅱ,vMIP-Ⅱ）的融合表达质粒pET15b-pep-1-vMIP-Ⅱ,并将其转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）plysS中经IPTG诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot鉴定出可溶性的融合蛋白pep-1-vMIP-Ⅱ。通过对IPTG浓度、温度等诱导表达条件进行优化,确定在IPTG浓度为0.2mmol/L、28℃下诱导7h可溶性蛋白的表达量相对较高,经Ni-NTA亲和层析,超滤除盐纯化获得高纯度的融合蛋白pep-1-vMIP-Ⅱ,将该蛋白作用于Hela细胞,激光共聚焦显微镜观察结果显示该融合蛋白能够携带目的基因穿透细胞膜。本文结果将为进一步研究vMIP-Ⅱ的功能和细胞穿膜肽技术的应用奠定基础。     

Future habitat loss and the conservation of plant biodiversity

Rapid land-use and climate changes are projected to cause broad-scale global land-cover transformation that will increase species extinction rates. We assessed the exposure of globally threatened plant biodiversity to future habitat loss over the first half of this century by testing country-level associations between threatened plant species richness and future habitat loss owing to land-use and climate changes, separately. In countries overlapping Biodiversity Hotspots, plant species endangerment increases with climate change-driven habitat loss. This association suggests that many currently threatened plant species will become extinct owing to anthropogenic climate change in the absence of potentially mitigating factors such as natural and assisted range shift, and physiological and genetic adaptations. Countries rich in threatened species, which are also projected to have relatively high total future habitat loss, are concentrated around the equator. Because poverty and poor governance can compromise conservation, we considered the economic condition and quality of governance with the degree of plant species endangerment and future habitat loss to prioritize countries based on conservation need. We identified Angola, Cuba, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nepal, Tajikistan, and Tanzania as the countries in greatest need of conservation assistance. For conservation endeavors to be effective, the conservation capacity of these high-need countries needs to be improved by assisting political stability and economic sustainability. We make policy recommendations that aim to mitigate climate change, promote plant species conservation, and improve the economic conditions and quality of governance in countries with high conservation need.     

High levels of spatial heterogeneity in the biodiversity of soil prokaryotes on Signy Island, Antarctica

In a previous study, soil bacterial diversity at environmentally distinct locations on Signy Island was examined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling, and a range of chemical variables in soils was determined in order to describe variations between them. The dominant bacterial communities of all locations were found to be significantly different, although higher levels of similarity were observed between locations with similar physico-chemical characteristics, such as at penguin rookeries, seal wallows and vegetated soils. Extending this study, here soil prokaryote biodiversity was compared between 15 distinct locations in order to elucidate any interaction between four general habitat types on Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic) and any influence of previous human impacts at these sites. Specific sites were selected to represent the range of different soil environments present and to cover a range of environmental factors present in the maritime Antarctic which are known to influence bacterial community composition in soils elsewhere. A diverse prokaryote community is described, again with the majority of excised and sequenced bands belonging to the Bacteroidetes. Although DGGE profiling identified significant differences in prokaryotic biodiversity between all sampling sites, aggregations of banding patterns were also apparent across the different soil environments examined. Correlations between specific DGGE profiles and 10 selected soil parameters suggested that much of this variation could be explained by differences in the levels of environmental disturbance and soil pH. In particular, a greater proportion of variation in soil bacterial diversity was explained by differences in soil properties at human-disturbed locations than at undisturbed locations, with higher explanatory values by edaphic factors in the former and soil metal content in the later. In general, our data indicate that small-scale variation is an important factor in understanding patterns of prokaryotic distributions in soil habitats in the maritime Antarctic environment.     

南美白对虾混养高产养殖技术

由于池塘老化和养殖病害等因素影响,对虾养殖生产和发展受到了严重制约.作者在南美白对虾(P.vannamei)养殖生产中,通过投放一定数量的卵圆鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)、锯缘青蟹[Scylla serrata(Forskal)],采取鱼、虾、蟹混养的养殖技术方法,有效的改善养殖生态环境,防止了养殖病害的发生和病害的蔓延,养殖效果得到明显提高,并在2007年的养殖生产试验中取得成功,平均产量达11062.0元/667 m2,盈利达6308.5元/667m2,取得了良好的经济效益.     

远郊校区图书馆多维阅览服务模式构建

上海海洋大学为远郊校区办学,面对新环境的挑战,图书馆尝试建构新的阅览服务模式,采取多维阅览服务方式,即:拓展物理空间、网络空间和人文空间的阅览服务举措,进而提升阅览服务水平,从而更好地为教学、科研服务。     

Improved biological effects of uniconazole using porous hollow silica nanoparticles as carriers

BACKGROUND: The aim of this work is to prepare a controlled‐release formulation of uniconazole using porous hollow silica nanoparticles (PHSNs) as carrier, and to investigate the biological effects on rice growth. RESULTS: PHSNs with a shell thickness of ～15 nm and a particle size of 80–100 nm were synthesised through a sol–gel route using nanosized calcium carbonate particles as templates. Simple immersing (SI) and supercritical fluid drug loading (SFDL) technologies were employed to load uniconazole into PHSNs with loading efficiencies of ～22 and ～26% respectively. The prepared uniconazole‐loaded PHSNs (UCZ‐PHSNs) by SI and SFDL both demonstrated sustained release properties, and the latter showed better controlled release ability with a slower release rate. Compared with free uniconazole, UCZ‐PHSNs exhibited a weaker growth retardation effect in the early stage but more significant retardation ability in later stages for agar‐cultured rice seedlings. For the rice that grew in clay, UCZ‐PHSNs demonstrated a weaker plant height retardation effect than free uniconazole at the early jointing stage by foliar spraying, but exhibited a stronger retardation capacity than free uniconazole by being applied into soil before seedling transplantation. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the prepared UCZ‐PHSNs possessed good controlled‐release properties and had improved retardation effects on rice growth. It is recommended that UCZ‐PHSNs be applied into soil before seedling transplantation rather than administered by foliar spraying at the early jointing stage. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Urine sample used for detection of toxoplasma gondii infection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)

In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was established to detect Toxoplasma gondii DNA in mice infected with T. gondii PRU strain. This LAMP assay was based on the sequence of highly repetitive B1 gene. The detection limit of T. gondii LAMP assay was 1 pg of T. gondii DNA, which was evaluated using 10-fold serially diluted DNA of cultured parasites. The LAMP assay was also highly specific for T. gondii and able to detect T. gondii DNA in urine of mice treated with dexamethasone at 90 day post infection (p.i.), although this assay could not detect the DNA in mice urine 2-6 days p.i. These results demonstrated that LAMP is effective for evaluation of therapy effectiveness for T. gondii infection. The established LAMP assay may represent a useful and practical tool for the routine diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of human toxoplasmosis.     

市场经济条件下森林资源生态环境价值补偿问题

森林资源生态环境价值补偿,目前仍处在一个探索研究的过程,其实践性活动基本上没有进行。为了促进森林资源生态环境价值补偿活动有序的顺利进行,作者论述了森林资源的概念及森林资源与生态环境价值,提出森林资源生态环境价值的补偿。     

苯液相一步法合成苯酚催化剂研究

研究苯液相一步法氧化制苯酚催化剂的制备方法：对催化剂进行活性评价，探讨反应温度和反应时间对过程的影响规律；在优化条件下，取得了苯转化率４０％和苯酚选择性９８％的结果。     

速生材制生物机械浆研究Ⅱ、泡桐(Paulownia elongata)酶液预处理机械浆

研究了兰考泡桐（Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ）木片用４种酶液（纤维素酶液ＥＳ２８、半纤维素酶ＥＡｎ７６、木质素酶Ｅ０２５及Ｅ０１４）预处理制生物机械浆。测定了预处理对木片主要化学组成、磨浆能耗、纸浆强度的影响。结果表明：（１）Ｅ０１４、Ｅ０２５、ＥＳ２８、ＥＡｎ７６预处理后，木片失重３．１８％～３．７２％，其中３．９％～１８．６％为木质素损失，纤维素损失则高达３８．２％～４６．２％；（２）磨浆度为５５ＳＲ时，４种酶液可节省能耗２．０％～７．０％，裂断长变化为－１８．１％～７．９％，耐破度变化为－１３％～７．３％，撕裂度为－１２．９％～８．４％，光学性质（如白度、光散射系数）变化不大，不透明度几乎不变。综合能耗节省与强度性质的提高，Ｅ０１４及ＥＡｎ７６效果较好，ＥＳ２８则由于纤维素酶对纤维的损伤效果不佳，Ｅ０２５效果则一般。