新疆、内蒙古部分地区乳房炎奶样中金黄色葡萄球菌的流行性与耐药性分析

为确定患乳房炎奶牛乳中金黄色葡萄球菌的流行性和耐药性状况,试验自2018年4月至2018年5月采集了新疆地区70例和内蒙古地区50例患乳房炎奶牛生鲜乳样。通过对奶样中金黄色葡萄球菌进行增菌培养、分离纯化,KB纸片扩散法药敏试验及PCR耐药基因检测发现,新疆和内蒙古地区奶样中金黄色葡萄球菌分离率分别为28.6%和54.0%;新疆地区分离的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株对青霉素G的耐药性最高(75.0%),其次是磺胺异噁唑(60.0%)、林可霉素(55.0%);内蒙古地区的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株同样对青霉素G高度耐受,耐药率为70.4%,其次为林可霉素(63.0%)、克林霉素(51.9%);两地区所分离菌株中,88.9%以上携带多种耐药基因,呈现多重耐药性;两地区所检出的高频耐药基因分别是新疆地区的ermA(30.0%)、dfrS1(30.0%)基因和内蒙古地区的lnuA(46.2%)基因。     

牛粪不同堆储处理方法微生物数量变化的研究

以牛粪为原料,研究露天堆储、粪池堆储和遮雨堆储三种处理在不同时间段微生物变化规律,为合理有效的处理畜禽粪污提供科学参考.结果各处理在堆储过程中的微生物总数呈山型的变化,其中细菌的数量变化类似于微生物总数的变化;真菌的数量变化呈现一条类似于"W"型曲线;放线菌一直呈下降趋势;微生物总量在15、30、45、60、75 d,处理3与处理1和处理2 差异显著(P<0.05),第30 d处理2与处理1差异显著(P<0.05).     

提高牦母牛繁殖性能的研究

采用不同剂量生殖激素处理3.5岁的青年牦母牛,结果发情率提高5.84和23.26个百分点,繁殖率分别提高34.69和41.21个百分点。采用不同剂量生殖激素处理和怀孕牦母牛围产期补饲的措施,促进产后成年牦母牛发情配种,结果发情率分别提高42.42,54.67和37.51个百分点,繁殖率提高43.93,48.48和20.10个百分点。生殖激素处理和围产期补饲对提高牦牛繁殖性能有较大的促进作用,高剂量生殖激素的促进效果较明显。     

Milk utilisation patterns in the low-input production systems in South Africa

Understanding the utilisation patterns of milk assists in designing appropriate dairy development schemes in rural communities. The objective of the study was to determine milk utilisation patterns in different smallholder farming systems in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were collected through the administration of recording sheets to 130 randomly selected households in Alice, Fort Beaufort and Queenstown districts. Amounts of milk produced per household ranged from 9 to 21 l per household per day. Milk consumption/household/day was similar among the three districts. Milk consumption in the early lactation doubled the amount consumed in late lactation (P < 0.05). Milk in the communal areas was largely utilised as fresh or sour milk. Fresh milk was mostly used in tea/coffee or to make porridge for children. Sour milk was consumed with thick boiled maize meal. Fort Beaufort (10.2 ± 1.37 l/day) had the highest sour milk sales whilst Queenstown had the highest fresh milk sales (9.7 ± 5.57 l/day). It was concluded that quantities of milk consumed or sold as fresh or sour were generally low and varied across smallholder farming systems.     

Effect of supplementation of Simada sheep with graded levels of concentrate meal on feed intake,digestibility and body-weight parameters

The experiment consisting of 7 days of digestibility and 90 days of feeding trial was conducted at Wogda (Ethiopia) to determine the effect of supplementation of graded levels of concentrate mix (CM) on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight (BW) change in hay-based feeding of Simada sheep. Twenty-yearling Simada sheep with a mean initial BW of 17.9 ± 0.81 kg (mean ± SD) were used in randomized complete block design arranged into five blocks of four animals. The four dietary treatments that consisted of hay alone (T1), hay +150 g dry matter (DM; T2, low), hay +250 g DM (T3, medium), and hay +350 g DM (T4, high) CM were randomly assigned to each sheep within a block. The CM consisted of wheat bran (WB), noug seed (Guizotia abyssinica) meal and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed meal at the ratio of (2:1:1), respectively. Supplementation with T2 and T3 increased (P < 0.001) total DM and organic matter intake than the control treatment. Overall, supplementation improved (P < 0.001) crude protein intake, digestibility, feed conversion efficiency, BW gain, and profitability compared to the control, whereas sheep on the high than the low and medium level of supplementation performed better in these parameters among the supplemented treatments. From the results of this study, T4 is recommended as the best level of supplementation since it resulted in better nutrient utilization, animal performance, and profitability.     

Risk factors associated with occurrence of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District,Kenya

Nematode infections are a serious constraint to pig production, especially where free range pig keeping is practiced. This study investigated the epidemiology of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya. Three hundred and six pigs from 135 farms were sampled for faeces that were analysed for nematode eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces using the McMaster technique. The nematode eggs were also identified to genus and species based on morphology. A questionnaire on risk factors was also administered to the pig owners. The overall prevalence and mean nematode EPG were 84.2% and 2,355, respectively. The nematode eggs were identified as those belonging to Oesophagostomum spp. (75%), Strongyloides ransomi (37%), Ascaris suum (18%), Metastrongylus spp. (11%), Trichuris suis (7%) and Physocephalus sexalatus (3%). The prevalence of nematodes was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the amount of rainfall in the division of the pigs' origin (all nematodes except S. ransomi). The prevalence of nematodes was also associated with the age of the pigs. A lower burden of nematodes was associated (p < 0.05) with a history of deworming (A. suum) and the provision of night housing (S. ransomi and Metastrongylus spp.). In conclusion, this study has provided information on nematode infections and the associated risk factors for free range pigs in Busia District, which can be used when implementing integrated control measures.     

Use of comparative proteomics to identify the effects of creatine pyruvate on lipid and protein metabolism in broiler chickens

Four hundred male chickens were selected to study the effects of pyruvate (Pyr), creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) and creatine (Cr) on the expression of hepatic mitochondrial and cytoplasm proteins associated with lipid and protein metabolism. Mitochondrial purification was accomplished using the two-step differential centrifugation and density gradient method, and the activities of organelle-specific marker enzymes were determined to assess the purity of the mitochondria. Proteins were extracted and fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the differential protein spots were assessed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. CrPyr reduced fatty acid accumulation by down-regulating adipose differentiation-related protein, inhibited ATP synthase expression, and reduced cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) expression, thus reducing the levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerol (TG) levels (thereby lowering fat and cholesterol deposition). CrPyr increased the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2B, calreticulin (CRT) and eIF3a, thus promoting protein synthesis. CrPyr up-regulated the expression of fatty acid-binding proteins, CETP and apolipoprotein A-IV in cytoplasmic extracts, and these proteins accelerated the decomposition of fatty acids and TG, thus reducing fat deposition. In conclusion, CrPyr plays an important role in lipolysis and protein synthesis, and this effect was more pronounced than was the effect of Pyr and Cr.     

安徽省2015年规模猪场高致病性蓝耳病定点监测与分析

[目的]掌握安徽省规模猪场高致病性蓝耳病的感染状况和免疫抗体水平。[方法]采用抗体阻断ELISA、荧光RT-PCR方法检测了24个猪场的588份血清样本和28个场点的790份组织样品。[结果]高致病性蓝耳病个体抗体免疫合格率为78.1%,群体免疫合格率为75.0%;中型猪场的平均免疫抗体合格率为87.1%、小型猪场为63.9%。高致病性蓝耳病病毒核酸个体阳性率为28.7%,群体阳性率为75.0%;中型猪场、小型猪场和生猪屠宰场的高致病性蓝耳病病毒核酸个体阳性率分别为41.7%、19.5%和6%。[结论]2015年安徽省规模猪场的高致病性蓝耳病抗体免疫合格率较高,但存在带毒现象,建议加强疫病的免疫和综合防控。     

鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝理化性状的比较研究

为了明确鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝的理化性能,采用六个庄口的蚕茧分别缫制的鲜茧生丝和干茧生丝,进行生丝样品的器械检测.结果表明,来源不同庄口的鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝,其清洁、洁净、断裂强度、断裂伸长率、切断、丝胶溶失率等性能无明显差异,而干茧生丝的抱合性能优于鲜茧生丝.鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝的热学性能和丝蛋白结构也无明显差异.     

Seroprevalence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brucella</Emphasis> antibodies in camels in Katsina State,Nigeria

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the status of Brucella infection in one-humped (Dromedary) camels in the North and Central senatorial districts of Katsina State, Nigeria. Nine hundred and eighty serum samples from live and slaughtered camels were tested. Modified Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and serum agglutination test (SAT) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, (EDTA) were used as screening and standard tests, respectively. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies were 110 (11.2%) and 103 (10.5%) for RBPT and SAT, respectively. Of the 472 and 508 serum samples tested from the herds and abattoirs, respectively, 63 (13.3%) and 47 (9.3%) were positive by RBPT while 62 (13.1%) and 41 (8.1%) were positive by SAT, respectively. Based on the results, it was concluded that Brucella antibodies were present in camels in the study area. Poor management practices and mixing of camels with other species of livestock as well as unrestricted movement of camels were proposed to be the reasons for the prevalence of the disease in the study area. In view of the public health importance of the disease, it is recommended that there is the need to develop a strategic plan to decrease spread of brucellosis in the study area.