葡萄糖酸对肉鸡生产性能及养分表观消化率的影响

选取1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡540R,随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15R.处理Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、ⅤV和Ⅵ在基础日粮中分别添加0.08%、0.15%、0.20%、0.30%和0.40%葡萄糖酸(GA).研究葡萄糖酸对肉鸡生产性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响,探讨葡萄糖酸在肉鸡日粮中应用的可行性.结果表明:①与对照组相比,0.15%和0.20%添加组显著提高0～21日龄、22～42日龄鸡的日增重(P<0.05);0.20%添加组降低0～21日龄料重比2.67%(P<0.05),0.15%添加组降低22～42日龄料重比1.72%(P<0.05),0.15%和0.20%添加组分别降低试验0～42日龄料重比1.89%和1.61%,达到显著水平(P<0.05);GA对肉鸡日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05).②21日龄时,0.15%～0.30%添加组显著提高粗蛋白和钙的表观消化率(P<0.05),0.15%和0.20%添加组显著提高磷的表观消化率(P<0.05);42日龄时,0.15%、0.20%和0.40%添加组均显著提高粗蛋白和磷的表观消化率(P<0.05),0.15%～0.30%添加组显著提高钙的表观消化率(P<0.05).     

苓桂术甘汤对肉鸡腹水综合征的防治作用

将15日龄艾维茵肉鸡分成5组,一组在常温(21±1)℃下饲养,作为正常对照组(N);其余4组在低温(11±1)℃下饲养以诱发腹水综合征,其中模型对照组(C)不给任何药物,维生素组(V)饮水中添加VC(0.5 g/L)和VE(0.1 g/L),2个试验组(T1和T2)分别给予不同剂量(0.4和0.8 mL/kg bw)的苓桂术甘汤。结果显示,C组的腹水发病率、腹水心脏指数(AHI)、红细胞压积(PCV)、红细胞数、血红蛋白(Hb)及丙二醛(MDA)含量、血清α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(-αHBDH)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)均显著高于N组;而3种抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]的活性则显著降低;2个试验组及V组的上述检测指数都得到明显改善,表明苓桂术甘汤能增强肉鸡的抗氧化能力,具有防治肉鸡腹水综合征的作用。     

条斑星鲽精子超微结构研究

分别以扫描电镜和透射电镜方法研究了条斑星鲽精子的超微结构。条斑星鲽精子全长45.57±3.23μm,主要包括三部分:头部、中段和鞭毛。头部呈圆形,主要结构为近圆形的细胞核;中段不发达,主要包括线粒体和中心粒复合体两部分,具有多个未分化的圆形小线粒体;鞭毛细长,结构为典型的"9+2"型双联微管结构,无侧鳍。这些特征表明,条斑星鲽的精子属于简单的原始类型。条斑星鲽精子不具顶体,但具有开口于核前端稍偏处呈不规则状的核前部凹陷及核内核泡结构,核前凹陷与染色质区无界膜分隔,部分精子在凹陷前端存在由核膜构成的凸起。凹陷区的前部及其开口处常有多个小的具单层界膜的囊泡,这些结构可能是顶体的遗迹,但也不排除其是向外释放核内物质的一种途径的可能性。     

Effects of alternative dietary lipid sources on growth performance,health status and fillet fatty acid composition of hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii Brandt ♂)

An 8‐week trial was conducted to determine the effects of total replacement of 12.9% fish oil (FO) with soybean oil (SBO), peanut oil (PNO), sunflower seed oil (SFSO), corn oil (CO) and canola oil (CNO) on growth performance, health status and fillet fatty acid composition of hybrid sturgeon (194.28 ± 0.14 g). Compared to the FO group, dietary SBO decreased growth performance (p < .05), increased serum glucose and hepatic lipid content (p < .05). No obvious adverse effects on growth performance and health status were observed in PNO, SFSO and CO groups (p > 0.05). The fish fed with CNO had increased growth performance (p < .05), reduced serum ALT, AST, LDL‐C (p < .05) and enhanced serum GSH‐Px, T‐AOC, and LZM, MPO, C4 (p < .05). The contents of C18:1n9, C18:2n6, and ∑n‐3 PUFA and ∑n‐6 PUFA in fillets showed a positive linear correlation with the diets (p < .05). In summary, PNO, SFSO and CO are probable alternative lipid sources to fully replace FO. Hybrid sturgeon prefers to use CNO as a lipid source with improved growth performance and health status. The fillet fatty acid composition mirrors the dietary fatty acid composition.     

Partial replacement of fishmeal with corn gluten meal,pea protein isolate and their mixture in diet of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) juveniles: Effects on growth performance,feed utilization and haematological parameters

Corn gluten meal (CGM), pea protein isolate (PPI) and their mixture (CPP, 1:1 ratio) were evaluated as fishmeal (FM) alternatives in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) juveniles (9.02 ± 0.12 g). A FM diet was designed as control, and other six diets had 20% and 40% FM protein replaced by CGM, PPI and CPP, respectively, with the supplementation of crystalline methionine, arginine and lysine. After the 8‐week feeding trial, significantly lower weight gain was found in fish fed the 40% CGM diet (p < .05), whereas other treatments had no statistical difference (p > .05). The values of feed efficiency ratio and feed intake, as well as proximate compositions of muscle and whole body, were not significantly influenced in all treatments. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine were significantly influenced by protein source. Fish fed the 40% CGM diet had significantly higher content of essential amino acid in muscle than that of the 20% PPI diet. Fish fed the 40% CGM diet had significantly lower content of serum cholesterol than other treatments (p < .05). Elevated serum superoxide dismutase activity was found in fish fed the 40% plant protein diets. In conclusion, between 20% and 40% FM protein could be replaced by CGM, while about 40% FM protein derived from PPI and CPP could be applied in black sea bream.     

玉米深松全层施肥种行旋耕播种机关键部件的设计

针对目前国内玉米播种机存在播种深度不一致的问题,为了提高玉米播种播深一致性及播种质量,设计了一种旋耕种行玉米播种机。该机可以实现深松、分层施肥、旋耕种行、开沟、播种及覆土镇压等功能,一次性完成的播种作业,适用于大田作业。该机结构简单,使用时调整方便。田间试验表明:整机结构设计合理,可以达到精量播种,符合农民种植要求。     

犬瘟热病毒自然感染犬淋巴组织中T、B细胞变化的研究

为了调查患犬瘟热病犬淋巴组织中T、B细胞变化的特点及淋巴细胞减少的发病机制,试验通过免疫组织化学的方法观察了T细胞(用CD3和CD45RO检测T细胞)、B细胞(用IgG、IgM抗血清检测B细胞)和犬瘟热病毒(抗犬瘟热病毒抗体)在病犬淋巴组织中的分布。结果表明:在淋巴组织中的淋巴细胞、淋巴小结中树突状细胞和巨噬细胞中均检出了抗病毒阳性反应细胞。在骨髓组织的前髓细胞中也发现抗病毒阳性反应细胞和嗜酸性胞浆内及核内包涵体的存在。与对照组相比,CD3和CD45RO阳性细胞主要存在于T细胞的分布域;但CD3和CD45RO阳性T细胞的数量较少。位于淋巴组织中的巨噬细胞有的被CD45RO染成阳性。在B细胞分布的区域中,IgG、IgM阳性细胞的数量明显减少;一些位于淋巴组织的浆细胞也被IgG或IgM染成阳性。在淋巴组织中淋巴细胞减少的顺序为:IgG阳性细胞减少最明显,其次为IgM和CD45RO阳性细胞,再次为CD3阳性细胞。依据试验结果,作者认为病犬淋巴组织中淋巴细胞减少主要是由B细胞缺乏所引起的;淋巴细胞的增殖能力减弱是引起淋巴组织中淋巴细胞减少的重要原因。     

厚颌鲂外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征研究

采用血细胞常规染色和细胞化学染色对厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征进行观察。结果显示:厚颌鲂外周血细胞可分为红细胞、血栓细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和三种类型粒细胞。红细胞有幼稚、成熟和衰老三种形态,其中幼稚和衰老红细胞较少见;血栓细胞数量最多,其次是淋巴细胞。粒细胞中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型较常见,Ⅲ型粒细胞少有。细胞化学染色显示幼红细胞、血栓细胞和淋巴细胞均呈ACP弱阳性;单核细胞呈ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅰ型粒细胞是嗜中性粒细胞,POX、ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅱ型粒细胞是PAS-GL,PAS强阳性和ACP阳性;Ⅲ型粒细胞是Ⅰ型粒细胞的晚期形态。厚颌鲂的PAS-GL可能是嗜酸性/嗜碱性粒细胞,而不是嗜碱性粒细胞的前体。     

拖网渔船船-机-桨-网匹配研究

在拖网渔船的设计中,需要重点考虑螺旋桨与船-机的匹配、渔具与船-机-桨的匹配,实现推进系统的高效能发挥。本文引入时间概率的最佳螺旋桨参数优化确定方法,考虑拖网渔船设计的限制条件,通过优化分析,达到运营工况综合效能最佳,实现螺旋桨与船-机的合理匹配。从拖网渔船数据库中选取30艘运营状况优良的渔船进行有效拖力计算,建立拖网渔船有效拖力与主机功率和拖速的多元非线性回归方程,依据此方程得出的有效拖力结果选择网具和网板,实现有效拖力与渔具的合理匹配,最终实现渔具与船-机-桨的合理匹配。通过实船计算对比,验证了回归的有效拖力估算公式误差范围和适用性。研究表明:在拖网渔船设计初期,可以利用该公式估算有效拖力进行网具和网板的匹配,实现技术经济优化论证,最终实现船-机-桨-网的优化匹配。