低氧适应的线粒体调控机制研究进展

氧气对于生物体不可或缺,当细胞面临低氧胁迫时通过诱导低氧基因做出应答。长期以来线粒体都被认为是氧浓度感受器,其呼吸链为低氧信号产生所必需,但具体机制仍不清楚,可能通过呼吸链产生ROS调控PHD活性或ROS、NO共同作用蛋白酪氨酸硝化反应产生低氧信号;线粒体基因突变和细胞代谢通路改变、呼吸链效率调控也在机体低氧适应过程中发挥重要作用。本文对线粒体如何参与生物低氧适应的机制进行综述,以期引起更多研究者对生物低氧适应的关注和对线粒体更深入系统的研究。     

28株牛源分枝杆菌的耐药基因突变分析

为明确分离自宁夏、甘肃和新疆地区的28株牛源分枝杆菌的耐药基因突变情况,通过采用16S rRNA、MPT64和多位点PCR方法进行基因分型鉴定,L-J比例法对其进行药敏试验,随后用DNA测序技术对10株耐药菌和4株敏感菌进行耐药基因检测及突变分析。分型鉴定结果表明,28株分离株均属于结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTBC),其中26株为牛分枝杆菌,2株为人型结核分枝杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,28株MTBC中18株对4种一线抗结核药物敏感,10株耐药。耐药菌株中,1株对利福平耐药;7株对异烟肼、利福平和链霉素三重耐药;2株对异烟肼、利福平、链霉素和乙胺丁醇四重耐药。耐药基因突变位点分析结果表明,rpoB 378位点的突变率为10.0%;katG 463位点的突变率为100.0%;rrs 311位点的突变率为11.1%;embB 378位点的突变率为100.0%;oxyR-ahpC和rpsL位点无突变。提示宁夏、甘肃和新疆地区奶牛场中MTBC主要以牛分枝杆菌为主,且存在耐多药情况,耐药突变位点以katG 463和embB 378为主。     

火烧对结缕草草地杂草的防控研究

在结缕草萌动前对结缕草草地进行火烧处理,研究生长季内不同月份火烧对结缕草草地杂草的控制效果。结果表明:整个生长季内火烧对结缕草草地杂草株数、植物量(地上,干重)均有较好的防控效果,平均防控效果分别为23.97%、39.90%;株数防控效果最好为5月份,为40.95%,植物量防控效果最好为10月份,为65.74%;火烧对结缕草草地杂草的防控效果在春季主要表现在防控杂草的数量(株数),在秋季主要表现在防控杂草的重量(地上植物量)。     

EDTA强化电动修复土壤铅污染

重金属离子在土壤中会产生沉淀和吸附现象,降低其移动能力,同时限制电动修复土壤污染的效率.化学络合剂EDTA能够与重金属盐反应,生成可溶性的金属络合物,提高重金属离子在土壤中迁移速率.利用沙箱、电极槽、循环电极淋洗系统和输送控制系统等人工实验装置研究了添加EDTA络合剂强化电动修复土壤碳酸铅污染的效果.结果表明,在阴极槽添加EDTA溶液,EDTA与电解产生的氢氧根离子反应,形成EDTA阴离子,在电场力作用下,EDTA阴离子进入土壤,与碳酸铅反应形成溶解态的络合物,提高铅离子的移动性,在电场力作用下Pb的最大去除率可达82.1%,同时EDTA和电导液浓度影响修复效果.在实验中EDTA利用率在5%～10%之间,可通过增加EDTA在土壤中的停留时间提高其利用率.     

Quantitative CT assessment of bone mineral density in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism

Canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is one of the most common causes of general osteopenia. In this study, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to compare the bone mineral densities (BMD) between 39 normal dogs and 8 dogs with HAC (6 pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism [PDH]; pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism, 2 adrenal hyperadrenocorticism [ADH]; adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism) diagnosed through hormonal assay. A computed tomogaraphy scan of the 12th thoracic to 7th lumbar vertebra was performed and the region of interest was drawn in each trabecular and cortical bone. Mean Hounsfield unit values were converted to equivalent BMD with bone-density phantom by linear regression analysis. The converted mean trabecular BMDs were significantly lower than those of normal dogs. ADH dogs showed significantly lower BMDs at cortical bone than normal dogs. Mean trabecular BMDs of dogs with PDH using QCT were significantly lower than those of normal dogs, and both mean trabecular and cortical BMDs in dogs with ADH were significantly lower than those of normal dogs. Taken together, these findings indicate that QCT is useful to assess BMD in dogs with HAC.     

苹果园环境监控系统的研究与设计

随着苹果产业的发展,苹果园的机械化、自动化已经成为制约我国苹果产业发展的主要因素.为此,针对苹果园环境,利用先进的计算机技术,以单片机为核心,研制一种能对苹果树生长环境进行科学监测、科学分析和有效控制的全方位自动控制系统已成为我国苹果产业发展的必然趋势.该系统是一种融采集和监测环境信息、有效控制与自动供电于一体的全面机械化及自动化的控制系统,具有采集范围广、监控数据精确以及操作简单等优点,尤其是其带有太阳能自动供电模块,既节能,又环保,适用于苹果园的大面积应用.     

健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂对小儿非感染性急性腹泻的干预效果

目的 观察健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂治疗小儿非感染性腹泻的干预效果。方法 选择我院门诊2012年3月～2015年9月期间收治113例非感染性腹泻患儿作为研究对象,对照组（35例）、单纯推拿组（38例）与观察组（40例）。对照组口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂,单纯推拿组采取健脾按摩法,观察组口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂联合健脾按摩法,比较三组治疗前后大便次数与大便性状症状积分、IL-6、IL-17、IgA、治愈率、总有效率、不良反应发生率。结果 对照组与单纯推拿组治愈率、总有效率比较无统计学意义;观察组治愈率、总有效率分别为82.5%、100.0%,高于对照组与单纯推拿组（均P<0.05）。三组不良反应发生率及治疗前大便次数、大便性状评分、IL-6、IL-17及IgA水平差异的两两比较无统计学意义;治疗后观察组各项症候评分、IL-6、IL-17水平低于对照组与单纯推拿组,IgA高于对照组与单纯推拿组（均P<0.05）。结论 健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂治疗小儿非感染性腹泻可调理胃肠菌群,健脾和胃、消食导滞,改善症状与机体消化功能与免疫功能,安全性与患儿接受度高。     

Effects of Oxytropis glabra DC Poisoning on the Reproductive Organs in Hetian Sheep Ewes

The study was aimed to research the effects of Oxytropis glabra DC (O.glabra DC) poisoning on reproductive organs coefficent, reproductive performance and related gene expression in Hetian sheep ewes. The sera, hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of Hetian sheep ewes cases poisoning of O. glabra DC were collected, the organ exponent and contents of GnRH, FSH, LH, E₂ and P₄ in serum were measured, then the mRNA expression of reproductive genes were measured. The result demonstrated that the index of hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary were extremely significantly higher than normal sheep (P < 0.01),the follicle number on the surface of the ovaries in poisoning groups were significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.05). The result of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the nuclear of neuronal cells in hypothalamus were pyknosis and hyperchromatic; The nuclear of cells in pituitary deformation and hyperchromatic, cytoplasm decreased; The primary oocyte in ovary dissolved, disappeared, interstitial blood vessel expanded. The content of GnRH, FSH, LH, E₂ and P₄ in serum in poisoned Hetian sheep ewes were extremely significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression levels of Kiss-1, GPR54, ERα in hypothalamus, GnRHR in pituitary and FSHR and LHR in ovary were extremely significantly lower than normal sheep (P < 0.01). The result showed that O. glabra DC poisoning could affect Hetian sheep ewes reproductive system by affecting microstructure and ultrastructure of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis.     

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)雌性特异基因CSW3重组蛋白的表达与应用

CSW3基因序列来源于半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)全基因组测序项目,是经过筛选得到的雌性特异候选基因之一。本研究探索了半滑舌鳎雌性相关基因CSW3的表达与应用,构建了半滑舌鳎雌性特异CSW3基因重组表达载体,通过大肠杆菌进行了体外重组表达,对基因表达产物进行分离纯化,并通过蛋白转染的方法研究了纯化的蛋白对几个性别相关基因的影响。结果显示,雌性特异CSW3重组蛋白注射鱼体后对半滑舌鳎性腺foxl2、sox9a、amh这3种性别相关基因的表达水平具有显著影响,能够引起雌性相关基因foxl2表达上调、雄性相关基因sox9a和amh表达下降。从蛋白水平对雌性相关基因CSW3的基因功能进行初步研究,为半滑舌鳎性别控制及全雌苗育种提供基因资源及技术方法。