二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化21～42日龄肉仔鸡胆碱和蛋氨酸需要量

本试验以低胆碱、低蛋氨酸饲粮为基础饲粮,通过两因子二次回归正交旋转组合设计,对21～42日龄肉仔鸡胆碱和蛋氨酸需要量进行研究.试验选用21日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡480只,随机分为12个组,其中1～8组为试验组,9～12组为中心组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡,公母各占1/2.分别以胆碱和蛋氨酸为自变量,以反映肉仔鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的各项指标为因变量拟合回归方程,估计21 ～ 42日龄肉仔鸡胆碱和蛋氨酸的需要量.试验期21 d.结果表明:胆碱和蛋氨酸水平对21～42日龄肉仔鸡的平均日采食量、料重比、腹脂率和肝脂率有显著影响(P＜0.05).当胆碱水平在860～1 120mg/kg时,肉仔鸡平均日采食量随着蛋氨酸水平的增加而升高,蛋氨酸水平增至0.40％后,继续增加对平均日采食量的改善作用不明显;蛋氨酸水平在0.35％～0.42％,胆碱水平在860 ～1 120mg/kg时,肉仔鸡的料重比达到最低值;蛋氨酸水平在0.30％～0.47％时,随着胆碱水平的增加肉仔鸡腹脂率呈下降趋势;当蛋氨酸水平在0.30％ ～0.40％,胆碱水平在1 000 ～1 400mg/kg时,肉仔鸡肝脂率随着胆碱水平的增加和蛋氨酸水平的降低呈下降趋势.在本试验条件下,当胆碱水平为990 ～1 030mg/kg,蛋氨酸水平为0.40％ ～0.43％时,肉仔鸡可达到最佳生长性能;当胆碱水平为1 780～1 880 mg/kg,蛋氨酸水平为0.37％ ～0.38％时,肉仔鸡可达到最佳屠宰性能.     

交播技术在园林草坪养护中的应用研究

在过渡气候带的园林绿地，进行了暖季型草坪秋季交播多年生黑麦草籽的应用试验，结果表明：交播技术可用于马尼拉、狗牙根和矮生百慕大等暖季型草坪上，交播时间宜在10月底前进行，交播种子用量多年生黑麦草以20－30g/m^2为宜。     

Leishmania spp. in Didelphis albiventris and Micoureus paraguayanus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) of Brazil

Leishmaniasis is kept in nature by the participation of several animal species. This study evaluated the presence of Leishmania spp. in skin samples of free-ranging marsupials Micoureus paraguayanus (n=95) and Didelphis albiventris (n=191), captured in Morro do Diabo State Park and in sections of its surrounding forest, in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema, S?o Paulo State, Brazil. The samples were tested for the presence of kDNA of Leishmania spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by real time PCR (qPCR). All samples from D. albiventris tested by PCR were negative for the presence of kDNA of Leishmania spp. However, when tested by qPCR, the positivity was 1.6%. A positivity of 7.4% by PCR and 11.6% by qPCR was observed for M. paraguayanus. Sixty-four per cent (9/14) of positive animals were limited to the same forest fragment. Presence of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis was detected in M. paraguayanus samples. While D. albiventris is the most studied marsupial species due to its urban habits, other marsupial species such as M. paraguayanus can be potential reservoirs of Leishmania spp. and should also be studied.     

Aglepristone decreases proliferation in progesterone receptor-positive canine mammary carcinomas

Background: Progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist aglepristone (RU534) has been used successfully for pregnancy termination and therapy of pyometra, vaginal tumors, and mammary hyperplasia in bitches and queens. All of these conditions share with canine mammary carcinomas the expression of PR. Objectives: To study the effect of RU534 on proliferation and apoptosis in canine mammary carcinomas in relation to PR expression. Animals: Twenty‐seven nonspayed bitches with mammary carcinomas were treated with either 2 doses of 20 mg/kg RU534 (n = 22, RU534‐treated group) or oil placebo (n = 5, control group) on days 1 and 8. Methods: Tumor samples were collected before (day 1) and after (day 15) treatment for immunohistochemistry. PR expression, proliferation index (PI), and apoptotic index (AI) were determined using antibodies against PR, Ki67, and cleaved lamin A/C antigens, respectively. The effect of treatment on these parameters was analyzed. Results: Differential expression of PR between day 1 (59.1% PR‐positive tumors) and day 15 (36.4% PR‐positive tumors) was observed in RU534‐treated tumors exclusively. After RU534 treatment, mean PI was significantly decreased in PR‐positive but unchanged in PR‐negative RU534‐treated tumors. A reduction of ≥20% in PI was found in 61.5% of RU534‐treated tumors with PR expression. Conversely, no effect on AI was observed after RU534 treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Neoadjuvant RU534 treatment had PR expression‐related inhibiting effects on proliferation of canine mammary carcinoma cells.     

猪流感病毒A/swine/Guangdong/2/2012(H1N1)毒株攻毒BALB/c小鼠细胞因子动态变化的研究

为了测定H1N1亚型猪流感病毒(swine influenza virus,SIV)对小鼠的致病性,本试验对A/swine/Guangdong/2/2012(H1N1)株SIV HA基因进行克隆及遗传分析,并将SIV尿囊液经鼻腔感染6周龄BALB/c小鼠,观察感染后小鼠的一般状况、器官系数和组织病理学变化,在病毒感染后第1、3和7天使用荧光定量PCR测定小鼠肺脏、脾脏、脑组织中7种细胞因子mRNA的表达量,研究其对小鼠的致病特性。结果显示,该病毒属于经典SIV,病毒经鼻腔感染后可引起小鼠活动减少、采食量降低,但无咳嗽和死亡;病理组织学变化为肺间隔较正常组织明显增厚,毛细血管明显扩张充血,周围肺泡腔呈代偿性肺气肿;小鼠肺脏、脾脏组织样本中IFN-α、IFN-β、IP-10、IL-1β、TNF-α、IRF-3和IL-10 mRNA含量在感染后第3天均显著升高(P<0.05),而脑组织样本中IL-1β和IL-10在小鼠攻毒后第3和7天均显著上调(P<0.05)。     

Further study of Codiostomum struthionis (Horst, 1885) Railliet and Henry, 1911 (Nematoda, Strongylidae) parasite of ostriches (Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves, Struthioniformes)

Codiostomum struthionis is a nematode parasite of the ostrich caecum. Little is known about its pathology, being considered by many authors as a non-pathogenic parasite. Infections by C. struthionis are sometimes overlooked because its eggs are indistinguishable from another ostrich nematode, Libyostrongylus spp. Fecal cultures and infective larvae identification are necessary for proper identification. The aim of this study is to provide improved morphological characterization of adults and infective larvae of C. struthionis. Ten caeca of adult ostriches were collected and washed in 0.09% saline solution. Male and female nematodes were collected and quantified separately. Nematodes were fixed in A.F.A. for optical microscopy or fixed in Karnovsky solution for scanning electron microscopy. To obtain infective larvae, fecal samples were collected at sites of high concentration of parasites in the caeca and fecal cultured. The resultant larvae were identified and measured with light microscope at 400x. Nine of the 10 slaughtered ostriches were parasitized by C. struthionis. All nematodes were found in the distal third of the caeca. A total of 566 parasites were recovered (234 males and 332 females). All the cultured larvae had characteristics of C. struthionis (rounded cephalic region with a flat extremity, an acute larvae tail termination and a long and filamentous sheath tail). All the adult parasites were characterized as C. struthionis. Through the analysis of the infective larvae it was determined that the morphology of the larvae tail was the best trait to use in the distinction of this species (live bird diagnosis).     

日粮不同蛋白质水平对三元肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

本文旨在研究不同日粮蛋白质水平对三元肥育猪生产性能、血液参数、胴体性状和肉质性状的影响.试验选取36头杜长大三元杂交猪,体重约为(47±4.2)kg,随机分为3个处理,每个处理12个重复,各处理分别饲喂低(12.9%)、中(15.4%)、高(18.7%)3个蛋白质水平日粮.试验第46天后,分别检测血液生化指标、激素水平、胴体品质和肉质性状.结果显示,3个日粮蛋白质水平对日增重、采食量、料重比及胴体品质和肉质性状均无影响(P>0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、血清尿素氮以及生长激素均以中蛋白质水平组最高;随着日粮蛋白质水平的增加,肥育猪血清胰高血糖素有降低的趋势(P=0.089).以上结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平降低到12.9%并不影响肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状.     

由体外受精囊胚获得ICR小鼠ES细胞

收集鼠卵母细胞和精子，采用体外受精技术，获得早期胚胎。体外培养胚胎至囊胚，分离内细胞团，获得ICR小鼠的ES细胞。结果不但获得了来自体外受精囊胚的ICR小鼠ES细胞，而且表明用体外受精方法获得的小鼠早期胚胎的数量明显大于常规方法，且比较稳定。ICR小鼠ES细胞的获得，为研究小鼠的ES细胞分化提供了条件。     

高铜日粮对肉鸡肝细胞线粒体呼吸功能的影响

采用玉米-豆粕型日粮研究铜(源于硫酸铜)对肉鸡肝细胞线粒体呼吸功能的影响.在对照组(Cu 11 mg/kg)基础上设3个高铜组(110 mg/kg、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg,分别对应为:试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ),试验60 d,在不同时间点(12、24、36、48、60日龄)采集肝脏提取线粒体.随着饲养时间的延长,对照组和试验I组肝脏线粒体呼吸功能有增强的趋势.在48日龄之前,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肝脏线粒体呼吸功能也有增强的趋势,但幅度较小,48日龄以后,肝脏线粒体呼吸功能呈现下降趋势,特别是60日龄的试验Ⅲ组.高铜日粮能影响肉鸡肝细胞线粒体的呼吸功能,日粮铜浓度为110mg/kg时,能增强线粒体的呼吸功能,但较高的铜浓度日粮则损害线粒体的呼吸功能. 、220 mg/kg和330 mg/kg,分别对应为:试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ),试验60 d,在不同时间点(12、24、36、48、60日龄)采集肝脏提取线粒体.随着饲养时间的延长,对照组和试验I组肝脏线粒体呼吸功能有增强的趋势.在48日龄之前,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肝脏线粒体呼吸功能也有增强的趋势,但幅度较小,48日龄以后,肝脏线粒体呼吸功能呈现下降趋势,特别是60日龄的试验Ⅲ .高铜日粮能影响肉鸡肝细胞线粒体的呼吸功能,日粮铜浓度为110mg/kg时,能增强线粒体的呼吸功能