基于AEZ模型的我国大豆产量潜力的农作制区划分析

根据联合国粮农组织(FAO)和国际应用系统分析研究所(IIASA)基于中国1961~1997年的统计资料(经多方校正)共同开发的AEZ模型,运用GIS平台研究了中国41个农作制亚区的大豆生产潜力,以及单产和总产最高潜力分布区域。研究结果表明:我国大豆的最高单产潜力大约是目前产量的2~3倍。单产潜力主要分布在鲁西平原鲁中丘陵、黄淮平原南阳盆地及汾渭谷地,总产潜力主要分布在三江平原、黄淮平原南阳盆地及松辽平原。     

Preferential distribution of fish larvae in the California Current System: Time,space, and temperature

The preferential larval distributions of 22 fish species in the California Current System were identified in their temporal, spatial, and thermal domains using single parameter quotient analysis. This analysis allowed the characterization of their reproductive habitats based on ranges of preference, tolerance, and avoidance. In the temporal domain, the species’ preference intervals were wider than those previously reported, and all species showed preferences during two or more seasons of the year. In the spatial domain, the preferential distributions of the species were also wider, and some of them had different preferred zones from those described in previous works. Because one group of species was preferably distributed in coastal zones, and the other group was preferably distributed in oceanic zones, the biological production mechanisms sustaining these groups differ, namely, coastal upwelling and geostrophic fluxes of subarctic origin, respectively. In the thermal domain, the larval distribution preferences of 20 of 22 species have been determined for the first time, providing important information on their thermal tolerance window during the larval stage, a window that changes in width throughout each of the ontogenetic stages of fish. The distribution in each domain suggests association patterns between species, but additional studies are necessary to validate these patterns.     

Identifying obstacles and ranking common biological control research priorities for Europe to manage most economically important pests in arable,vegetable and perennial crops

EU agriculture is currently in transition from conventional crop protection to integrated pest management (IPM). Because biocontrol is a key component of IPM, many European countries recently have intensified their national efforts on biocontrol research and innovation (R&I), although such initiatives are often fragmented. The operational outputs of national efforts would benefit from closer collaboration among stakeholders via transnationally coordinated approaches, as most economically important pests are similar across Europe. This paper proposes a common European framework on biocontrol R&I. It identifies generic R&I bottlenecks and needs as well as priorities for three crop types (arable, vegetable and perennial crops). The existing gap between the market offers of biocontrol solutions and the demand of growers, the lengthy and expensive registration process for biocontrol solutions and their varying effectiveness due to variable climatic conditions and site‐specific factors across Europe are key obstacles hindering the development and adoption of biocontrol solutions in Europe. Considering arable, vegetable and perennial crops, a dozen common target pests are identified for each type of crop and ranked by order of importance at European level. Such a ranked list indicates numerous topics on which future joint transnational efforts would be justified. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry