生防制剂与呋喃丹颗粒剂防治根结线虫幼虫的效果

印度南方根结线虫广泛地分布于印度南部灌桑园，特别是轻质土壤的桑园，它严重地影响桑叶的产量和质量，人们曾采用农业和化学等防治措施进行桑园线虫的防治，但效果并不理想，为此，考虑用生物防治方法来进行试验研究，本研究采用拟青霉和轮枝孢真菌两种生防制剂及化学杀线虫剂呋喃丹颗粒剂对线虫幼虫进行致死性试验。每种生物制剂滤液设置3个浓度，分别为100％，75％，和50％，结果发现，该两种真菌制剂在滤液浓100％下72h后的杀虫率分别为73．55％和78．45％，两者无显著差异。虽然它们对幼虫的致死效果比化学杀线虫剂呋喃丹效果略微差些，但生物剂对自然环境，人畜安全，因此，生物制肯望成为更经济，更安全的杀线虫剂。     

嘎拉苹果高温处理与果实日灼的关系

 高温处理对诱导果实增强对日灼的抗性有一定的作用 ,可降低日灼率。苹果果实在 4 5℃下处理 2h ,在3d后将处理果和对照果同时暴露在阳光下 ,结果发现 :热处理能够在一定程度上增强果实对日灼的抗性。在 4 5℃下处理 2、4和 6h后立即取样或室温下放置 2 4h后取样 ,对热激蛋白的分析表明 ,大分子量热激蛋白量变化不大 ,而小分子量热激蛋白可能在诱导果实抗热性方面起重要作用。随着处理时间延长 ,在一定时间范围内 ,热激蛋白抗热性水平增加。经测定 ,树冠外围充分曝光果和树冠内膛遮荫果对比 ,二者热激蛋白含量有显著差异 ,这可能是遮荫果对日灼更为敏感的原因。     

Adipose triglyceride lipase contributes to cancer-associated cachexia

Cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome most common in patients with cancer that is characterized by the uncontrolled loss of adipose and muscle mass. We show that the inhibition of lipolysis through genetic ablation of adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) or hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl) ameliorates certain features of cancer-associated cachexia (CAC). In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, the injection of Lewis lung carcinoma or B16 melanoma cells causes tumor growth, loss of white adipose tissue (WAT), and a marked reduction of gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, Atgl-deficient mice with tumors resisted increased WAT lipolysis, myocyte apoptosis, and proteasomal muscle degradation and maintained normal adipose and gastrocnemius muscle mass. Hsl-deficient mice with tumors were also protected although to a lesser degree. Thus, functional lipolysis is essential in the pathogenesis of CAC. Pharmacological inhibition of metabolic lipases may help prevent cachexia.     

Antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of some neo-clerodane diterpenoids isolated from Clerodendron species (Verbenaceae) on Earias vitella and Spodoptera litura

Antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of various neo-clerodane diterpenoids having a furofuran moiety, isolated from Clerodendron spp., were studied using Earias vitella and Spodoptera litura. The compounds clerodendrin B, 3-epicaryoptin, 15-hydroxyepicaryoptin, and clerodin were effective antifeedants at 10 microg/cm(3) (30 microg/g) of diet against E. vitella and at 10 microg/cm(2) of leaf against S. litura. All of the tested compounds, namely, clerodendrin B, 3-epicaryoptin, clerodendrin C, 15-hydroxyepicaryoptin, clerodendrin B acetate, and clerodin, showed good insect growth inhibitory activity even at lower concentrations.     

In vitro culture of female date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) tissues

Summary Roots, leaf petioles, shoot tips and immature fruits of female date palm formed the source material for in vitro cultures. Isolated embryos excised from mature seeds were also cultured. Of all the tissues, some of the leaf petioles and fruit mesocarp gave rise to calluses in the media of Staritsky (1970) and Eeuwens (1976). Isolated embryos germinated to produce seedlings in MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) medium. Calluses were established from seedling sections but the growth conditions propitious for explants of seedlings were not suitable for female date palm tissues. The main problem in establishing long term tissue cultures has been the browning of the tissues and media. This problem was, at least partially, overcome by adding activated charcoal to the liquid media and cysteine to the solid madia. So far, shoot regeneration in the calluses could not be induced.     

Soil–Phosphorus Mobilization Potential of Phytate Mineralizing Fungi

Four most efficient phytase and phosphatase producing fungi belonging to genera Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of leguminous, cereal, and vegetable crops. Efficacy order of fungi in terms of phytate hydrolysis under laboratory conditions was Aspergillus > Penicillium > Trichoderma. The test fungi released more of extracellular (E) phytase than intracellular (I) phytase (E: I- 3.44 - 6.03:1) and produced acid phosphatase activity ranging from 367- 830 μmol pNP ml^?1 h^?1. Aspergillus niger possessed the twin ability of phosphate mineralization and solubilization. The incubation studies in compost-amended soil exhibited the higher competence of Penicillium chrysogenum to improve the soil available P and increase the level of extractable organic P under alkaline soil to benefit P nutrition. Developing microbial inoculant using P. chrysogenum strain and its subsequent application to soil may help the marginal farmer to replenish soil P more economically compared to chemical fertilizer.     

Availability and Utilization of Assimilates in Relation to Grain Growth Within the Ear of Wheat

The development of grains of different positions in the apical, middle and basal spikelets of wheat var. Kaly-ansona showed that beyond first two basal grains, the more distal a grain in a spikelet the lower its weight. The distal grains received less assimilates than the proximal grains as revealed from sugar concentration in the grains. The eflficiency of distal grains of kalyansona to synthesize reserves was, however, not inferior than the proximal grains in a spikelet. The depression in grain weight lowards extreme spikelet was lower compared to the depression in weight of individual grams towards a distal position in a spikelet. The study seems to suggest that in order to ensure better grain uniformity while maintaining a higher grain number per ear, the spikelet number per ear should be increased instead of increasing the grain number per spikelet.