营养学中氨基酸平衡的度量

本文基于聚类分析理论,提出了失衡度(IBD)这一新的化学指数,借以定量地研究蛋白质营养中的氨基酸平衡问题。当样品中氨基酸完全平衡时,IBD取值为零;而当其氨基酸平衡最差时。IBD取值为1。IBD的氨基酸增量模型为非对称最大值式;且IBD与变异系数(CV)之间有着密切的关系。通过IBD这一指数,可以对各种单一饲料的蛋白质营养价值加以分类列等;通过计算两种以上饲料蛋白质混合物的IBD,可以从理论上预测它们之间是否互补,以及何时发生最佳互补关系。若引申IBD的概念框架,还可以用来研究其它养分之间的平衡关系,并有助于实现计算机配方过程的自动鉴别和筛选。     

Treatment of experimental ureteral strictures by endourological ureterotomy and implantation of stents in the porcine animal model

The objective of this study is to evaluate the dilation of the ureter using endoureterotomy and an expanding-sheath double pigtail ureteral stent in the treatment of experimentally induced ureteral strictures in the porcine animal model. This is a new treatment in the ureteral strictures resolution in Veterinary Urology, although it is not a common affection, it usually appears as a consequence of ureteritis and in the iatrogenic female genital surgery. The experimental study is design in three phases: induction of experimental stricture, diagnosis and treatment of the stricture and follow-up. We have used 10 healthy Large White female pigs. The internal ureteral diameter was measured prior to laparoscopic ligature stricture induction using retrograde ureteropyelography (RUPG). Experimental stricture was diagnosed 4 weeks after intervention, using RUPG and ultrasound, and treated by endoureterotomy and subsequent placement of a double pigtail ureteral stent, which was removed 6 weeks later. The study finished 4 weeks later with measurement of ureteral diameters using RPUG and ultrasound evaluation. Except in one case, all ureters displayed permanent dilation of the strictured area for 10 weeks after treatment (6 weeks with ureteral stent and 4 more weeks without stent). Finally, this technique proved to be effective in cases of short-length and short-living ureteral strictures, and represents a viable alternative to conventional surgery in animals.     

DDGS对鸡肉品质影响的研究

随机设置2个处理组(对照组和添加8%DDGS的试验组,n=144)来评估在肉鸡日粮中添加DDGS对鸡胸肉和鸡腿肉质量的影响。首先利用电击瞬间致昏动物,然后作放血、浸烫、打毛等处理。肉鸡死亡4h之后将胸肉和腿肉从鸡胴体上在低温条件下剥离。右侧鸡胸肉用来测定肉色、pH值、蒸煮损失、剪切力值,左侧胸肉用于感官评定;腿肉用于评估总胆汁酸(TBA)和脂肪酸组成。结果显示:添加了DDGS的试验组在肉色、pH值、蒸煮损失、剪切力值上与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。另外,对照组和试验组在鸡肉质地上没有显著差异(P0.05),但对照组的鸡肉风味更容易被多数人所接受。一般喜欢和非常喜欢鸡肉的消费者不在这两个处理组之内,两组的试验成员属于一般可接受鸡肉的消费者。另外在感官评定的试验中,消费者对添加DDGS和对照组的鸡肉评价没有明显差异(P0.5),各组间的脂肪酸结构变化不大(P0.05),但添加DDGS处理组的鸡肉在亚油酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量上和对照组有很大差异(P0.05),这表明试验组的鸡肉更容易被氧化。总的来说,这两种喂养方式都可以生产出高质量的鸡胸肉和鸡腿肉。     

High prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 in Chinese swine herds

Nested RT-PCR was used to investigate bovine viral diarrhea virus in 511 specimens collected from Chinese pigs exhibiting clinical symptoms between 2007 and 2010. Of these, 137 samples were BVDV-positive and the BVDV prevalence rate was 23.1% (9/39) in 2007, 27.7% (44/159) in 2008, 33.6% (34/101) in 2009, and 23.6% (50/212) in 2010. Twenty of 137 BVDV-positive samples were used for further genetic analysis of the 5'-UTR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were BVDV-1 and subtyped into BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, BVDV-1m, BVDV-1o and an unknown subgenotype. This study showed that BVDVs were highly prevalent in Chinese pig herds and appropriate measures should be taken to control BVDV prevalence in pig herds.     

犬常见寄生虫病及防治

犬寄生虫病是犬病临床的常见病之一。犬患寄生虫病的种类很多,如果不能及时发现犬患上了寄生虫病或者未能及时准确地给予治疗,采取相应的防治措施,将会严重损害犬的健康。有些犬患寄生虫病还可以传染给人类,形成人犬共患危害人类身体健康。犬常见的寄生虫病有:蛔虫病、绦虫病、犬血丝虫病、     

北京市马属动物赛事监管制度的建立

通过对近年来重大马术活动的监管,结合《北京市动物防疫条例》的实施,北京市逐步形成马属动物展览演出比赛的“赛事报告、报检报验、档案记录、防疫条件审查、隔离观察、赛中监管、应急预备和宣传告知”八大监管制度,确保了北京市马属动物无疫安全。     

Detecting and quantifying marijuana metabolites in serum and urine of 19 dogs affected by marijuana toxicity

Veterinarians diagnose marijuana toxicity based on clinical signs and history, or in conjunction with an over-the-counter (OTC) human urine drug screen. With the legalization of recreational marijuana use becoming more prevalent in the United States, a more accurate test to aid in the diagnosis of canine marijuana toxicity is needed. We collected urine and serum samples from 19 dogs with confirmed or suspected marijuana toxicosis from multiple veterinary hospitals and analyzed them with a novel UPLC-MS/MS method. Calibrations from 0.1 to 100 ng/mL and QC materials were prepared. Samples were extracted, purified, and eluted with solid-phase extraction. Urine samples were tested with an OTC human urine drug screen. The limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) ranges for marijuana metabolites in serum were 0.05–0.25 ng/mL and 0.1–0.5 ng/mL, respectively. In urine, the LOD and LLOQ ranges for the metabolites were 0.05–0.1 ng/mL and 0.1–0.5 ng/mL, respectively. In serum, median and range of metabolite concentrations (ng/mL) detected included: THC, 65.0 (0.14–160); 11-OH-Δ⁹-THC, 4.78 (1.15–17.8); 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁹-THC, 2.18 (0.71–7.79); CBD, 0.28 (0.11–82.5); and THC-glucuronide, 2.05 (0.72–18.3). In the 19 urine samples, metabolite: creatinine (ng: mg) values detected included: THC, 0.22 (0.05–0.74); 11-OH-Δ⁹-THC, 0; 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁹-THC, 1.32 (0.16–11.2); CBD, 0.19 (0.12–0.26); THC-COOH-glucuronide, 0.08 (0.04–0.11); and THC-glucuronide, 0.98 (0.25–10.7). Twenty of 21 urine samples tested negative for THC on the urine drug screen. All 19 serum samples contained quantifiable concentrations of THC using our novel UPLC-MS/MS method. Utilizing a UPLC-MS/MS method can be a useful aid in the diagnosis of marijuana toxicosis in dogs, whereas using an OTC human urine drug test is not a useful test for confirming marijuana exposure in dogs because of the low concentration of THC-COOH in urine.     

应用异烟肼复合剂治疗奶牛结核病的试验研究

对一群经两次检疫均为结核菌素阳性并经临床学、病理解剖学和细菌学证实为结核杆菌感染奶牛,随机选择２０头奶,每日按２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重投与异烟肼复合剂,连服６０日,接着再按上述剂量每隔一天给药一次连服６０次。结果感染牛在治疗后的７０天转阴率为５０％;治疗后１６５天转阴率为８０．１％;未经治疗的７头对照牛仍呈阳性。     

猪床垫料与替抗的诡辩

1概念解析随着我国畜牧业的飞速发展,畜禽粪便成了环境的最大污染源,对环境的污染愈发严重。为控制粪便污物的排放,创造良好的生态养殖条件,国家大力推广发酵床养殖技术,发酵床主要是由有机垫料组成,垫料原料通常包括秸秆、锯末、木屑等,将其平铺与猪舍内,猪养于其上,排泄物排至垫料上,经微生物发酵,可实现粪污的低排放、低污染[1-2]。     

内蒙古寒冷干旱地区苜蓿栽培技术模式

苜蓿是内蒙古寒冷干旱地区重要的牧草之一,在近几年的农业结构调整和生态治理中,得到了快速发展,但缺乏规范的苜蓿种植管理技术。本文阐述的苜蓿栽培技术模式,是在林西县多年苜蓿生产实践基础上产生的,而后又在生产实践中不断改进完善后形成的。该技术模式着重介绍了在内蒙古寒冷干旱地区建植苜蓿人工草地时需着重考虑的四个方面,即苜蓿品种的选择原则、播种要点、田间管理及收获技术。