花椒林地不同地面覆盖的水热效应研究

花椒(Zanthoxylumbungeanum)为芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属落叶灌木或小乔木,是重要的调味品、香料及木本油料树种。我国花椒主产于四川、甘肃、陕西、山东、河北、河南等省,栽培历史悠久(曾京京,2000)。花椒耐干旱瘠薄,根系发达,表层根系密度大,水平根的分布大于冠幅3~4倍(余晓林,2003),因而是山区生态造林的重要树种。近年来,在退耕还林项目中被列为生态经济树种,在发展山区经济中发挥了重要作用(魏玉君等,1996;何腾兵等,2000)。研究(李洪钵等,1991;曹彬等,2002)表明,通过施肥、整形修剪等措施可提高花椒的产量。然而,目前花椒园土壤管理中仍…     

An in vivo analysis of the therapeutic and synergistic properties of Chinese medicinal formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang based on its active constituents

6,7-Dimethylesculetin (D), geniposide (G) and rhein (R) are the three major active ingredients of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), a famous Chinese herbal formula, which has been shown to be clinically effective for treating hepatic injury (HI) syndrome. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC (combination of D, G and R) on HI rats by combining pharmacokinetic with biochemical analysis strategy. Plasma was analyzed by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to evaluate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of COC at the biochemical level. Here, we report that the COC combination could increase the plasma level, slow elimination rate, exert a more robust therapeutic effect than any one or two of the three individual compounds by hitting multiple targets in a rat model of HI. Overall, this beneficially accounts for the popular view that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula usually takes multi-component to exert their therapeutic effects. We suggest that dissecting the mode of action of clinically effective formula to be capable of producing a sufficient effect at low doses.     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.     

QTL mapping for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content in a population of Capsicum annuum ‘NB1’ × Capsicum chinense ‘Bhut Jolokia’

Capsaicinoids are pungent compounds used for industrial and medical purposes including food, medicine and cosmetics. The Indian local variety ‘Bhut Jolokia’ (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is one of the world's hottest chilli peppers. It produces more than one million Scoville heat units (SHUs) in total capsaicinoids. In this study, our goal was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the high content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in ‘Bhut Jolokia’. Capsicum annuum ‘NB1’, a Korean pepper inbred line containing 14 000 SHUs, was used as a maternal line. An F₂ population derived by crossing between ‘NB1’ and ‘Bhut Jolokia’ was generated to map QTLs for capsaicinoids content. A total of 234 markers, including 201 HRM, 21 SSR, 2 CAPS and 10 gene‐based markers of the capsaicinoid synthesis pathway, were mapped. The final map covered a total distance of 1175.2 cM and contained 12 linkage groups corresponding to the basic chromosome number of chilli pepper. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content were analysed in 175 F₂ pepper fruits using the HPLC method. The maximum total capsaicinoids content was 1389 mg per 100g DW (dry weight), and the minimum content was 11 mg per 100g DW. Two QTLs (qcap3.1 and qcap6.1) for capsaicin content were identified on LG3 and LG6, and two QTLs (qhdc2.1 and qdhc2.2) for dihydrocapsaicin content were located on LG2. We did not detect QTLs for total capsaicinoids content. The QTL positions for capsaicin content were different from those for dihydrocapsaicin content. These results indicate that the complexity of selecting for more pungent chilli peppers must be considered in a chilli pepper breeding programme. The QTL‐linked markers identified here will be helpful to develop more pungent pepper varieties from ‘Bhut Jolokia’, a very hot pepper.     

油松、刺槐林潜在耗水量的预测及其与造林密度的关系

在大面积林分调查的基础上,构建边材生长模型和分布模型,并通过潜在液流通量Qp预测模型完成了林分水平耗水在时间上的尺度放大,即预测林分的潜在耗水量Ep.结果表明，现存油松林地(21年生)潜在耗水能力Ep大于刺槐林地(9年生),10a后(油松31年生,刺槐19年生)二者接近.若按相近龄级比较(刺槐19年生，油松21年生)，刺槐林地耗水能力大于油松林.对不同造林密度的油松、刺槐林中短期耗水预测表明，在试验区的水文条件下，如果造林密度高于1500株/hm     

三个典型植烟生态区土壤养分适宜性评价

通过明确不同烤烟种植区土壤肥力状况及植烟适宜性,为不同生态区烟草科学施肥方案的制定奠定基础。采用描述统计法、相关系数法和模糊综合评价法对四川会东、河南洛阳和安徽皖南3个植烟生态区的418份土壤样品进行分析。结果表明,会东烟区土壤pH为5.36～8.66,77.88%的土壤pH大于7.50,有机质含量较低,67%的土壤碱解氮含量低于90mg/kg,全氮含量适中,速效磷和速效钾含量丰富;洛阳烟区土壤pH呈弱碱性,有机质和碱解氮含量匮乏,70%以上的土壤有机质和碱解氮处于“缺”及以下水平,全氮和速效磷含量适中,速效磷含量变异系数达79.38%,速效钾含量丰富;皖南烟区土壤pH、有机质和全氮含量适中,碱解氮含量较高,速效钾含量缺乏,82.82%的土壤速效钾含量低于150mg/kg,速效磷含量丰富但异质性强。3个生态区植烟土壤综合肥力指数（IFI）存在显著差异（P<0.05）,表现为皖南（0.69）>会东（0.52）>洛阳（0.43）,其中皖南烟区75.76%的土壤IFI处于Ⅱ级以上,会东烟区处于Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级的比例分别为31.73%和46.15%,而洛阳烟区近50%的土壤为Ⅳ级。...     

The dynamics of bacterial community in a polyculture aquaculture system of Penaeus chinensis,Rhopilema esculenta and Sinonovacula constricta

Polyculture with Chinese shrimp Penaeus chinensis, jellyfish Rhopilema esculenta and razor clam Sinonovacula constricta (S.J.R) is a common aquaculture system in Dandong, China. Investigation on the composition and function of microbial communities and their relationship with environmental factors in aquaculture systems have crucial implications. Therefore, the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was applied to profile the bacterial community composition of water and sediment in S.J.R polyculture system in the present study. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in S.J.R polyculture ponds following with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in water; in contrast, more diverse phyla were detected in sediments. Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were determined the bacterial community composition in the S.J.R polyculture systems. Specially, Planktomarina, PS1 clade, Candidatus Aquiluna and Fibrobacteres, which can resist the phytoplankton blooms or degrade the cellulose, were more abundant in water at the early stage of cultivation in the S.J.R polyculture system. Moreover, the functions of bacterial communities in water were mainly associated with cell communication mediated, while the functions related to basal metabolism were enriched in sediments. The findings of this study allowed us to better understand the bacterial community in the S.J.R polyculture system and accumulated data for the improvement of cultural management.     

杂色鲍与2种海藻混养效果研究

在广东海洋大学东海岛海洋生物研究基地,模拟研究了杂色鲍(Hallotis diversicolor Reeve)与灰叶马尾藻(Sargassum cinereum)、细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilaria tenuistipitata var.Liui)生态混合养殖效果,分析了2种海藻对养殖水体中氮盐、磷盐的控制作用以及杂色鲍、2种海藻的生长状况。结果表明:鲍鱼与这两种大型海藻混合养殖,可明显提高鲍鱼的成活率,降低养殖水体中氮、磷盐含量,从而改善鲍鱼养殖环境。单种养殖的鲍鱼病死率是混养病死率的1.92倍。低密度混合养殖时,鲍鱼生长率较高。鲍鱼混合养殖水体中的氮盐、磷盐含量均明显低于单种养殖的,细基江蓠繁枝变种比灰叶马尾藻具有更强的吸收氮盐与磷盐能力。     

4UX—550型马铃薯收获机悬挂机组机液耦合仿真

应用Pro/E软件建立了4UX-550型马铃薯收获机与东方红200P型拖拉机悬挂机构参数化模型,进行了拖拉机悬挂机构与马铃薯收获机装配.将装配模型导入ADAMS中,建立了液压提升回路系统模型,进行了机械系统与液压系统的耦合仿真.结果表明,液压力驱动悬挂机组提升工况下,上悬挂点垂直方向出现最大力的时间要比机械力驱动滞后0.080 s,下悬挂点滞后0.088 s;下降工况下,上悬挂点滞后0.056 s,下悬挂点滞后0.060 s.液压力驱动与机械力驱动上、下悬挂点的受力基本相同,液压缸缓冲力的波动范围为5.09 ～ 15.39 N.