基于HJ-1卫星影像的三大农作物估产最佳时相选择

对于农作物遥感估产,精确选择最佳估产时相是关键环节。该文利用中国自行研发的HJ-1卫星CCD影像对黑龙江八五二农场3大作物（水稻、玉米、大豆）进行遥感估产的最佳时相选择,通过构建小波变换滤波方法和移动平均法的时序NDVI曲线数据,并依据平滑后的时序NDVI曲线分别确定3大作物的遥感估产最佳时相。研究结果表明,从平滑后的时序NDVI曲线中识别出来的3大作物的关键生长期与当地作物的物候期相对比,水稻生长期拟合误差为-0.003356508,玉米生长期拟合误差为-0.001687117,大豆生长期拟合误差为-0     

草除灵对甘蓝型油菜苗期生理生化及超微结构的影响

为探明草除灵作用的生理机制及其胁迫下不同甘蓝型油菜品种的耐性差异机制,以浙大619、浙大622为试验材料,对苗期油菜叶面喷施不同浓度的草除灵,采用生理生化分析方法、叶绿素荧光技术和超显微技术,探究草除灵对甘蓝型油菜苗期生理生化特性以及超微结构的影响。结果表明,低浓度(2.5 g·L~(-1))的草除灵对2个油菜品种的生长无显著影响,当草除灵浓度大于5.0 g·L~(-1)时,随着处理浓度的升高,油菜生长受抑制的程度逐渐增加,净光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光值显著下降,抗氧化酶系统的活性降低,膜脂过氧化加剧,活性氧积累增多,叶绿体、线粒体等叶肉细胞超微结构受损,且浙大619的抗草除灵胁迫能力高于较敏感品种浙大622。因此,本研究明确了草除灵对甘蓝型油菜安全性的影响,这对该除草剂的田间推广应用具有重要意义。     

高原鼠兔刈割对青海湖流域高寒草甸植物种间关联的影响

高原鼠兔喜欢刈割茂密高寒草甸中高大植物而影响植物群落内的种间关系。采用方差比率法、χ²检验和Spearman秩相关分析相结合的方法,分析了高原鼠兔刈割行为对高山嵩草草甸植物群落种间关联的影响。结果表明:高原鼠兔刈割会促进植物群落的种间总体联结从不显著正关联变为显著负关联,降低植物群落稳定性,减少植物群落内正关联和正相关的种对数量,增加负关联、无关联和负相关的种对数量。而综合χ²检验结果、AC值和OI指数,洞口植物群落大部分种对的种间关联均不显著,种间联结程度不强。这表明χ²检验和Spearman秩相关分析能够评价小型草食动物对植物群落种间关联的影响,为全面解析高原鼠兔整体干扰驱动植物群落结构变化提供了基础信息。     

转基因克隆牛外源基因整合位点的研究

整合位点的侧翼序列是外源基因表型研究和功能探讨的前提条件,对目的基因的正常转录和表达有着重要影响。本试验利用热不对称交措式PCR（Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced PCR,TAIL-PCR）的方法克隆了目的基因。结果表明：外源基因整合到牛的12号染色体基因组克隆(NW_003104315.1)中。分析了整合位点的纯合性发现转基因牛为整合位点杂合子。TAIL-PCR法能够有效、快速的鉴定外源基因在基因组中的整合位置,具有良好的应用前景。     

甘蔗根尖染色体制片技术研究

甘蔗是异源多倍体植物,染色体数目多、体积小,染色体制片困难,导致细胞遗传学研究进展缓慢。以分裂旺盛的甘蔗根尖为材料,对不同采样时间、预处理方法、解离时间、染色方法等各技术环节进行实验研究。结果表明：在冬季气温较低的条件下,于15:00进行采样,饱和对二氯苯与0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉等体积混合液室温预处理4~4.5 h,1 mol/L HCl与45%乙酸等体积混合液于60℃水浴锅解离8 min后,用改良苯酚卡宝品红进行涂片滴染,所获得的染色体制片效果最好。     

氮肥运筹对湘南双季杂交稻产量与抗倒伏特性的影响

为探究不同氮肥运筹方式对湘南双季杂交稻产量与抗倒伏能力的影响,以早稻品种陆两优996和株两优819,晚稻品种H优518和盛泰优018为材料,于2019-2020年在湖南省衡阳县开展大田试验,比较研究3个基蘖肥、穗肥、粒肥比例（N1：7:2:1,N2：6:3:1,N3：5:4:1）对双季稻产量和抗倒伏性状的影响。结果表明,氮肥运筹方式对双季稻产量有显著影响,N2处理对产量构成因素协调效果最好,产量最高;各品种在基蘖肥比例为50%~60%的条件下,抗折力较大,倒伏指数较小,但个别品种表现出年际间差异;与N1处理相比,N2和N3处理株高较矮、重心较低、茎壁较厚、节间较短且节间充实度较高,N2和N3处理间差异不显著。相关分析表明,提高抗倒伏能力的关键在于降低株高、重心高度和单茎鲜重,提高倒4节间茎秆粗度和充实度。综合考虑各品种倒伏指数和产量性状,基蘖肥、穗肥、粒肥比例为6:3:1的处理能够较好地协调水稻的产量性状与抗倒伏能力,达到高产和抗倒的目的。     

基于压力脉动和时序分析的离心泵空化特征提

根据压力脉动幅值对空化变化相当敏感的特点,利用离心式水泵试验平台模拟空化现象,获取水泵出口压力信号.研究发现,在空化发生时刻,水泵出口压力的轴频幅值增大,且存在很多低频脉动成分.同时,根据试验获取的壳体振动和出口压力信号,分别建立该水泵正常运行的时间序列数学模型,利用模型残差的方差值判别离心泵的运行状态,实现对其空化特征的识别.     

自吸泵气液两相流数值模拟分

采用Mixture多相流模型、Realizable湍流模型与SIMPLEC算法,应用CFD软件Fluent对内混式自吸泵自吸过程的气液两相流进行了数值模拟.通过分析不同含气率条件下流场的压力分布、速度分布、气相分布,探讨了气液两相介质在泵内的运动情况,一定程度上揭示了内混式自吸泵自吸过程的内部流场变化规律,为自吸泵的设计提供更多的参考依据.     

生物质糖化和乙醇发酵菌种资源的研究进展

世界能源安全正面临着挑战。发展清洁可再生的生物质燃料乙醇越来越被重视。菌种资源在燃料乙醇生产中起到至关重要的作用。概述了生物质糖化和乙醇发酵菌种资源的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.