旱涝交替胁迫对水稻产量和品质的影响

以"南粳44"为试材,采用温室盆栽试验,研究了分蘖期和拔节期旱涝交替胁迫对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,分蘖期旱涝交替胁迫导致水稻的有效穗数较对照显著降低了20.0%和26.3%,拔节期旱涝交替胁迫导致水稻每穗粒数较对照显著降低了28.2%和41.1%,水稻产量均显著降低。分蘖期旱涝交替胁迫使稻米的出糙率、精米率和整精米率均下降,拔节期旱涝交替胁迫提高了稻米的整精米率,分别提高3.0%和2.4%,并显著降低了垩白率和垩白度。各胁迫处理均提高了稻米直链淀粉量,分蘖期重旱轻涝胁迫使得稻米的粗蛋白量较对照显著降低了7.6%。     

手扶便携式插秧机数字建模及运动仿真研究

针对丘陵和山地开发便携式插秧机已成为农业机械化的重要课题。为此,研制了一种新型手扶便携式插秧机,采用轻量化设计,无需其他动力源。同时,详细论述了该插秧机的工作原理,用SolidWorks Motion软件进行数字样机建模,并通过SolidWorks Motion仿真插件对手扶式插秧机进行运动仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该插秧机插秧深度为30cm,最佳牵引速度为0.73m/s,需要工作牵引力为26.57N。     

2BMMD-4型夏棉精量免耕播种机的设计与试验

鉴于黄淮海麦棉轮作区土层深厚和根茬量大、韧性强的特点,以及免耕播种机作业要求,设计了2BMMD-4型棉花精量免耕播种机,能一次实现破茬、开沟、防堵、施肥、播种、覆土及镇压等功能。该机具具有独特的苗带清理及作业防堵、播种深度调节以及作业仿形功能。同时,利用SolidWorks以及ANSYS软件对2BMMD-4型免耕播种机的苗带浅旋装置进行了模态分析。结果表明,该机刀轴在设计转速下对应的频率远小于各阶固有频率,不容易发生共振。田间试验表明,该播种机作业性能达到了设计要求。     

拖拉机自动转向系统设计及仿真

以TN654拖拉机为平台,基于原车液压转向系统,设计一套比例方向电磁阀组和电控单元(ECU),构建了能响应程序控制的自动转向系统。通过建立阀控缸动力系统数学模型,利用Mat Lab对该系统PD控制性能进行仿真分析。仿真结果显示:系统最大迟滞0.24、1.8s内均能达到平衡点,表明系统具有良好的控制精度和响应性,符合拖拉机自动驾驶作业需求。     

影响玉米脱粒性能的因素分析与研究

针对我国玉米收获时籽粒含水率较高,不能直接脱粒收获的关键问题,通过单因素试验,分析了影响玉米籽粒破碎率和未脱净率的主要因素—籽粒含水率和脱粒速度等。利用Origin软件进行数据拟合并绘图,得出含水率和脱粒速度与破碎率、未脱净率的关系。试验数据表明,适合玉米脱粒的籽粒含水率为13.9%~27.6%,当含水率为18.3%时,籽粒破碎率最低;满足玉米脱粒条件的脱粒线速度为2.99~7.77m/s,当线速度为5.04m/s时脱粒效果最佳。     

Effect of Weaning Stress on Blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes and Immune Function in Dairy Buffalo Calves

To study the effect of weaning stress on dairy buffalo calves,5 healthy calves were chosen and weaned,and the blood samples were collected at 1 day before weaning,and 1,14 and 21 days after weaning to analysis blood physiology and biochemistry indexes and immune function.The results showed that the count of white blood cell,lymphocyte,erythrocyte,monocytes and hematocrit,aspartate aminotransferase activity,blood glucose,cortisol and immunoglobulin G contents of dairy buffalo calves were no significant difference between before and after weaning treatments (P > 0.05).The count of neutrophils at 21 d after weaning were significantly lower than that of 1 d before weaning of dairy buffalo calves (P < 0.05).However,lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity in weaned treatments were significantly higher than those of animals in the treatment before weaning (P < 0.05).The serum urea nitrogen of dairy buffalo calves at 21 d after weaning was significantly higher than that of 1 d before weaning (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin content at 21 d after weaning was significantly lower than that at 1 day before weaning (P < 0.05).It indicated that the physiological and immunity function of dairy buffalo calves were challenged under weaning stress.     

6种灌木不同器官生物量及其碳、氮含量的分配特征

通过研究晋北地区草地黄刺玫、沙棘、荆条、酸枣、绣线菊和柠条等6种常见灌木的叶片、新生枝、老龄枝生物量及其碳、氮含量的分配特征,旨在为草地准确估算草地植物碳、氮循环提供依据。结果表明:黄刺玫的地上生物量最大,是酸枣的7倍。沙棘叶片生物量占地上生物量的比例最大;黄刺玫新生枝生物量占地上生物量的比例最大;柠条老龄枝生物量占地上生物量的比例最大。黄刺玫、沙棘和荆条的地上部分各器官生物量分配特征相似,由高到低表现为叶片、老龄枝、新生枝;绣线菊、酸枣和柠条的地上部分各器官生物量分配特征相似,由高到低表现为老龄枝、叶片、新生枝。6种灌木地上部分各器官碳含量差异不显著,氮含量分布由高到低为叶片、新生枝、老龄枝。     

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

The effect of lactic acid bacterial starter culture and chemical additives on wilted rice straw silage

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are suitable for rice straw silage fermentation, but have been studied rarely, and rice straw as raw material for ensiling is difficult because of its disadvantages, such as low nutrition for microbial activities and low abundances of natural populations of LAB. So we investigated the effect of application of LAB and chemical additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of wilted rice straw silage. Treatment with chemical additives increased the concentrations of crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), acetic acid and lactic acid, reduced the concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but did not effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage organisms. Inoculation with LABs did not improve the nutritional value of the silage because of poor growth of LABs in wilted rice straw. Inoculation with LAB and addition of chemical materials improved the quality of silage similar to the effects of addition of chemical materials alone. Growth of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria was inhibited by this mixed treatment and the LAB gradually dominated the microbial community. In summary, the fermentation quality of wilted rice straw silage had improved by addition of LAB and chemical materials.