两种生物农药防治菜心黄曲条跳甲的研究

黄曲条跳甲 Phyllotreta striolata 是为害十字花科蔬菜的重大害虫?本文研究了种子丸粒化包衣?拌土撒施和叶面喷雾3种施药方式下苏云金杆菌 Bacillus thuringiensis G033A和金龟子绿僵菌 Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421对为害菜心 Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis 的黄曲条跳甲的防治效果?结果表明, 采用苏云金杆菌G033A和金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421进行种子丸粒化包衣处理的菜心, 叶片受害指数分别为6.71和9.93, 显著低于对照(31.79); 拌土撒施处理的菜心, 叶片受害指数分别为19.34和24.17, 显著低于对照(65.53); 〖JP+1〗叶面喷雾处理后第3?5?7天的校正防治效果分别为58.95%/52.37%?69.56%/64.04%和81.12%/70.09%?本研究探索了菜心生产中主要害虫的生物防治技术, 研究结果将为菜心生产过程黄曲条跳甲的有效防治提供技术支撑?     

重庆市碳排放现状及影响因素研究

二氧化碳等温室气体的排放是导致全球变暖的主要原因,降低碳排放已经成为人们的共识.但碳排放来自哪里,碳排放量的多少与哪些因素有关,该如何减排?这些是首先应该弄明白的问题.本文以重庆市为例,具体研究影响碳排放强度的结构因素和技术因素.首先,计算出重庆市2005—2012年三大产业的碳排放量和碳排放强度;其次,通过构建模型将总体碳排放强度进行分解,以此来研究产业结构变动和技术进步对总体碳排放强度的影响.结果表明,重庆市碳排放总量在2005—2012年间呈不断上升的趋势,但总体碳排放强度却一直在下降,其下降主要是技术因素所引起的,而结构因素对总体碳排放强度主要起负面作用.因此,重庆市应加快转变发展方式,积极调整第二产业的内部结构,同时还需大力发展低碳技术及第三产业.     

Cracking the Cytotoxicity Code: Apoptotic Induction of 10-Acetylirciformonin B is Mediated through ROS Generation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

A marine furanoterpenoid derivative, 10-acetylirciformonin B (10AB), was found to inhibit the proliferation of leukemia, hepatoma, and colon cancer cell lines, with selective and significant potency against leukemia cells. It induced DNA damage and apoptosis in leukemia HL 60 cells. To fully understand the mechanism behind the 10AB apoptotic induction against HL 60 cells, we extended our previous findings and further explored the precise molecular targets of 10AB. We found that the use of 10AB increased apoptosis by 8.9%–87.6% and caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by 15.2%–95.2% in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by annexin-V/PI and JC-1 staining assays, respectively. Moreover, our findings indicated that the pretreatment of HL 60 cells with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, diminished MMP disruption and apoptosis induced by 10AB, suggesting that ROS overproduction plays a crucial rule in the cytotoxic activity of 10AB. The results of a cell-free system assay indicated that 10AB could act as a topoisomerase catalytic inhibitor through the inhibition of topoisomerase IIα. On the protein level, the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, caspase inhibitors XIAP and survivin, as well as hexokinase II were inhibited by the use of 10AB. On the other hand, the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was increased after 10AB treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that 10AB-induced apoptosis is mediated through the overproduction of ROS and the disruption of mitochondrial metabolism.     

Litterbag decomposition of residues from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice hybrids and the parental lines under multiple field conditions

Purpose

The cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops has raised environmental concerns, since large amounts of plant materials remain in the field after harvesting. Specific proteins of GM crops might negatively impact soil ecosystem by changing residue decomposition dynamics. Particularly, the residue decomposition of crop-wild hybrids, which were formed through transgene escape to wild population, remains unexplored.

Materials and methods

We used litter bags to assess residue (leaves, stems and roots) decomposition dynamics of two stacked genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac and the sck (a modified CpTI gene encoding a cowpea trypsin-inhibitor) (Bt/CpTI) rice lines (Kefeng-6 and Kefeng-8), a non-transgenic rice near isoline (Minghui86), wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) and Bt wild rice at three sites. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to monitor the changes of the Cry1Ac protein in Bt rice residues.

Results and discussion

Mass remaining, total N and total C concentrations of rice residues declined over time and varied among plant tissues, with significant differences among cultivar, crop-wild hybrids and wild rice, but no differences between Bt and non-Bt rice cultivars. The initial concentration of Cry1Ac was higher in leaves and stems than in roots and was different between rice types. The degradation dynamics of Cry1Ac fitted best to a first-order kinetics model and correlated with the level of total nitrogen in residues but did not correlate with the mass decomposition rate. The predicted DT50 (50 % degradation time) of the protein ranged from 10.7 to 63.6 days, depending on plant types, parts and burial sites. By the end of the study (~170 days), the protein was present in low concentration in the remaining residues.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the impacts of the stacked Bt/CpTI gene inserts on the decomposition dynamics of rice residues are insignificant.     

氮肥减量对优质稻籽粒蛋白质影响及其合理性评价

氮肥作为保证水稻稳产和稻米品质的重要农业生产资源,在保证我国粮食安全方面发挥着重要的作用,但过多的氮肥投入势必对生态环境安全造成不利影响。为了明确浙北地区优质稻生产合理的施氮量,通过大田试验,采用随机区组设计,设置对照（不施肥,N0）、常规施氮（270kg/hm²纯氮,N）、氮肥减量15%（229.5kg/hm²纯氮,N-15%）和氮肥减量30%（189kg/hm²纯氮,N-30%）4个处理,研究氮肥减量对浙北优质稻籽粒蛋白质含量的影响,并对其施氮的合理性进行评价。结果表明,同N处理相比,N-15%和N-30%处理的产量与籽粒后期蛋白质及其组分含量差异不显著。N-15%和N-30%处理的氮素利用率分别提高了1.97%和8.11%,农田氮素盈余分别显著降低了20.56%和23.89%（P<0.05）,通过层次分析法（AHP）对浙北优质稻氮肥减量措施综合评价,得分为N-15%（0.86）>N-30%（0.67）>N（0.65）>N0（0.17）。综上所述,氮肥减量15%（229.5kg/hm²）为浙北地区优质稻生产较为适宜的施氮量。     

基于WSN的猪舍环境监测系统设计

在规模化养猪生产中,猪舍的温度、湿度和氨气浓度等环境因素直接影响着猪的健康及生产能力,猪舍环境监测受到国内外专家的普遍重视。针对国内目前猪舍环境监测相对落后的现状,基于无线传感器网络,设计了高效的猪舍环境三级监测网络系统。以Zig Bee模块CC2430芯片为核心设计了传感器终端节点、单舍控制节点和Zig Bee协调器,同时给出了软件流程及多传感器数据处理和融合算法。通过实际测试表明:监测系统可以在55 s内完成终端节点环境数据采集到传送至控制中心计算机中,高效地实现了现场数据采集、数据处理和各级网络间的数据通信。系统可为猪舍环境监测提供可行的解决方案。     

磷-铅-柠檬酸在红壤胶体上相互作用机理初探

以红壤胶体为对象,通过等温平衡试验,研究了柠檬酸对红壤胶体吸附磷的影响,以及吸附磷和柠檬酸后弃去上清液(次级吸附)和保留上清液(共吸附)两种方式对红壤胶体固定铅的影响。结果表明,柠檬酸对红壤胶体磷吸附产生抑制作用,且随着柠檬酸浓度增加而抑制作用增强;用Langmuir方程拟合时,红壤胶体对磷的吸附反应常数K、最大吸附量X m均随柠檬酸初始浓度增加而降低。吸附磷和柠檬酸后,两种处理方式对铅的固定量影响有明显差异,总体上,次级吸附试验中铅的固定量低于共吸附;且两种方式中铅的固定量均随磷初始浓度及磷吸附量的增加而增加,随柠檬酸浓度升高而降低。共吸附中铅固定量在柠檬酸初始浓度为0.1 mmol L-1和磷初始浓度小于0.4 mmol L-1时达到较高值,说明在此浓度下磷和柠檬酸的共同存在促进了红壤胶体对铅的固定。     

手持式数字化多功能电子测树枪的研制与试验

为了实现森林的数字化、多功能、精准计测,该文研制了一种数字化多功能电子测树枪,该设备以MEMS(micro-electro-mechanical systems)测角传感器、激光测距传感器、电子罗盘等主要硬件为基础,通过测量距离、倾角、磁方位角3个参数,基于三角函数原理,嵌入操作软件,实现了树高测量、林分平均高测量、株数密度测量、角规绕测、任意高度直径测量、基本测量6项功能。并将该设备在河南省、内蒙古等地林场进行了试验,试验结果表明,树高测量精度最高,达99.39%,林分平均高测量精度最低,为94.97%,其他功能精度都在95%以上,可以满足林业外业调查的需要。     

基于有限脉冲反应和径向基神经网络的触电信号识别

针对农村低压电网剩余电流保护与动作技术中,如何检测总泄漏电流中人体触电支路电流的难题,该文利用严格线性相位与任意幅度特性的FIR（finite impulse response）数字滤波技术和具有自适应性与最佳逼近特性的RBF（radial basis function）神经网络有机结合,提出一种基于FIR数字滤波的RBF神经网络作为触电电流信号的检测方法。首先,采用FIR数字滤波器选定合适的窗函数和滤波阶数,对触电试验获得的总泄漏电流及触电电流进行滤波预处理;然后,将预处理后的信号波形作为样本集,选定适合的RBF函数,建立从总泄漏电流中提取触电电流波形的3层RBF神经网络模型。仿真试验结果表明：该方法速度快且稳定,检测值与实际值的平均相对误差为3.76%,具有良好的适应性和实用性,对于研制新一代剩余电流保护动作装置具有重要意义。