Physicochemical Properties of Oat Varieties and Their Potential for Breadmaking

The breadmaking potential of six oat varieties was compared with and related to their physicochemical properties. The most significant differences in the bread characteristics were found in the crumb structure. The varieties Buggy, Energie, and Zorro resulted in good bread quality with an even gas‐cell distribution characterized by a high number of relatively small pores. In contrast, Typhon, Ivory, and Nord 08/311 each had a large hole in the center of the crumb and accordingly poor quality. Breads differed little in specific volume, bake loss, and density. Rheological analysis revealed positive effects of low batter resistance to deformation on oat bread quality. On the basis of the physicochemical characterization, protein and fat contents were identified as key factors responsible for differences observed in bread quality, provided that starch damage and water‐hydration capacity were low. Additionally, high setback and final viscosity, as determined by Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) analysis, positively affected oat bread quality. High α‐amylase activity was found to influence negatively the breadmaking performance of oats. Overall, protein, fat, dietary fiber content, starch pasting properties, and α‐amylase activity were responsible for the breadmaking properties of oat varieties.     

Water parameters affect anaesthesia induced by eugenol in silver catfish,Rhamdia quelen

The present study investigated the effects of water pH (5.0, 7.0 and 9.0), hardness (0, 20 and 120 mg CaCO₃ L^?1) and temperature (15, 23 and 30 °C) on the induction of sedation and anaesthesia, and subsequent recovery, of silver catfish exposed to eugenol. Moreover, the blood gas tensions (PvO₂ and PvCO₂) and blood pH in silver catfish acclimated to these temperatures were investigated after exposure to eugenol. Water pH, hardness, temperature and fish size affect the efficacy of eugenol in silver catfish, particularly at the lower concentrations tested (20 and 30 mg L^?1). Sedation of this species can be induced at concentrations as low as 20 mg L^?1, but for anaesthesia, a concentration of at least 40 mg L^?1 of eugenol must be used to compensate for the influence of fish size and water quality. Blood gas tension and pH were affected by eugenol anaesthesia, but only in fish acclimated to 30 °C.     

Zur Überwinterung vonOrchestes (Rhynchaenus) fagi L.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Wie fertigtAncylis mitterbacheriana Schiff. (Lep. Tortricidae) das Gehäuse?

Ohne ZusammenfassungHerrn Professor Dr. F. Schwerdtfeger zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Marking and retention of harlequin bug,Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), on pheromone-baited and unbaited plants

Harlequin bug (Murgantia histrionica) is an important pest of cole crops in the USA. The adults and nymphs feed on aboveground plant tissues by sucking cell contents and can seriously damage the host. Current insect control measures on cole crops target mainly lepidopteran pests, and the insecticides generally used do not control harlequin bug, so alternative management practices need to be explored. Previous research has established the existence of a male-produced pheromone attractive to both sexes and nymphs of M. histrionica. In this work, two systems of marking bugs were tested to verify if the mark affected fitness traits such as survival and host location. In a second phase, marked individuals were placed on trap host plants baited with synthetic pheromone lures to test whether migration rates were related to M. histrionica density on the trap plants and the presence of the attractants. Neither marking system affected the survival or orientation of the subjects compared to unmarked individuals. The pheromone lures significantly increased the attractiveness of the trap plants, but did not increase the retention time of the plants compared to unbaited plants. Emigration from the trap plants showed a constant rate and seemed unrelated to bug density on the plants. However, a mean peak density of ca. 36 bugs/plant was calculated. Beyond this number, density tended to decrease. These successful marking methods and retention time models support development of M. histrionica management with trap crops, by providing tentative control thresholds and decision rules.     

Why extensive research and development did not promote use of peach palm fruit in Latin America

Agroforestry Systems - Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) was domesticated as a fruit crop by the first Amazonians in traditional Neotropical agroforestry systems, but research and development...     

16jährige Probeanbauten von Lärchenbastarden

Zusammenfassung Im Jahre 1951 überwiegend durch gelenkte Kreuzung und teilweise aus freiem Abblühen entstandene L?rchen-Einzelbaumnachkommenschaften, die zusammen mit einigen Bestandes-Nachkommenschaften im Versuchsgarten Grafrath erzogen und anschlie?end auf vier Versuchsfl?chen innerhalb Bayerns angebaut worden waren, wurden zuletzt im zehn- bzw. achtj?hrigen Alter (in der Dickungsphase vor dem ersten Pflegeeingriff) sowie im 16j?hrigen Alter (in der beginnenden Stangenholzphase nach dem ersten Eingriff) aufgenommen. Auf Grund der aus diesen beiden Aufnahmen gewonnenen Ergebnisse (H?hen- und Durchmesser-Wuchsleistung, Variation der H?henwerte vor dem ersten Eingriff, natürliche Ausf?lle, Schaftform, Astst?rke und Krebsbefall-H?ufigkeit) sind die verschiedenen Kombinationen und Bestandes-Nachkommenschaften auf ihre Anbaubew?hrung hin überprüft worden: Die Anbaubew?hrung kann unter Berücksichtigung der erfa?ten Merkmale für drei Kreuzungen voll bejaht werden, und zwar für die Nummern 16 L. decidua 7/51×L. leptolepis (Gaut.), 20 L. decidua Kr. 1×L. leptolepis (Gaut.) und 10 Bastard 11/51×L. leptolepis (Gaut.). Bei vier Nachkommenschaften (Nr. 5 L. leptolepis Kr. 4×L. decidua (Gaut.); Nr. 35 L. leptolepis-Bestandesnachk.; Nr. 22 L. leptolepis 9/51×L. decidua 7/51 und Nr. 25 L. leptolepis 10/51×Bastard 1/51) mit überdurchschnittlicher Wüchsigkeit darf das Ja zur Anbaubew?hrung wegen nicht voll überzeugenden Abschneidens in den übrigen Merkmalen nur mit gewisser Einschr?nkung ausgesprochen werden. Die Anbaubew?hrung mu? für drei Nachkommenschaften wegen Krebsbefalls und sehr geringer Wuchsleistung verneint werden; es handelt sich dabei um die Nummern 4 L. lepteuropaea Kr. 2×L. decidua (Gaut.), 36 L. decidua-Bestandesnachkommenschaft und 20 L. decidua 7/51× freibest?ubt. Die überwiegende Mehrzahl der angebauten L?rchen-Nachkommenschaften ist in eine breitangelegte Mittelgruppe mit nicht oder nur sehr wenig differenziertem Wachstum inzuordnen, so da? erst die künftige Entwicklung die zu treffende Entscheidung erm?glichen wird.