水土保持生态服务功能评价方法

 由于生态系统服务功能支撑与维持着地球生命系统的平衡与稳定,因此它已受到当今世界普遍关注。在我国水土流失严重的情况下,运用生态服务功能理论可以正确评价水土保持措施的作用,并为合理的生态建设规划提供依据。本文在总结Costanza等人理论的基础上,分析水土保持各项措施对保护和改良人类赖以生存的自然环境条件的综合效用。认为水土保持生态服务功能包括保护和涵养水源、保护和改良土壤、固碳释氧、净化空气和防风固沙等功能。另外,本文从水土保持工程措施、水土保持农业措施和水土保持林草措施3个方向为上述功能筛选了10个评价指标,且为各个指标分别建立了评价方法。这些指标及方法将有助于对水土保持措施的生态环境效应进行深入的分析与评价。     

Studies of Wet Deposition and Dustfall at Pune, India

Rain water and dustfall deposition samples were collected at Pune, an urban site (1992–98) and at Sinhagad, a rural site (1992–94). The samples were collected with wet-only and bulk collectors at Pune and with bulk collector at Sinhagad. The samples were analyzed for major ions, pH and conductivity. The study showed that the rain water at both places is alkaline (pH > 5.6). The average pH at Pune was 6.1. Neutralising components, indicated by Ca and non sea salt (nss) Mg have higher concentrations than the acidifying components SO₄ and NO₃. The wet deposition fluxes of all the ionic components were higher than the dustfall fluxes. Relative contribution from dustfall was largest for K, Ca, Mg and NO₃. Dustfall was greater at Pune, compared to Sinhagad for all components and up to double for Ca.     

香稻香气特征化合物2–乙酰基–1–吡咯啉测定方法的建立

建立了一种利用顶空固相微萃取–气相色谱法(HS–SPME–GC)检测香稻香味特征化合物2–乙酰基–1–吡咯啉(2–acetyl–1–Pyrroline,2–AP)的方法。在合成2–AP标准物质的基础上,通过正交试验得到最佳萃取条件为萃取温度60℃、萃取时间45 min。在最佳萃取条件下,该检测方法的线性范围为0.5~4.0μg/g,相对标准偏差≤8.54%,回收率为96.3%~103.5%,检出限为0.045 5μg/g,定量限为0.152μg/g。利用该方法测定6种不同香稻大米2–AP的含量,结果表明,该方法能有效地检测香米的2–AP含量。     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic method for determination of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone in tablets

A simple, specific, and rapid 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic method for the assay of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone is described. Spectra are recorded in CDCI3 containing 1,3-dichloro-5-nitrobenzene as an internal standard. The aromatic proton resonances for the standard, at delta 7.7 and 8.2, are well separated from those of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone, which are in the region of delta 6.5-7.3 ppm. Average percent recoveries of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone were 98.9 and 98.6 with standard deviations of 0.6 and 0.7, respectively. Commercial formulations were analyzed and the results obtained by the proposed method closely agreed with those found by the British Pharmacopoeia method.     

Folacin and cyanocobalamin in relation to naturalTrypanosoma evansi Infection in buffaloes

Summary The haematological values of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and vitamin levels of folacin (folic acid), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) of buffaloes, in a surra endemic area of Eastern Haryana, India, were determined. Surra-positive buffaloes had significantly low levels of Hb, PCV, folic acid and vitamin B₁₂. These low levels of folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ may have enhanced the clinical signs of chronic trypanosomosis, caused byTrypanosoma evansi.

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Folacina Y Cianocobalamina En Relacion Con La Infeccion Natural De Bufalos ConTrypanosoma Evansi

Resumen Se determinaron los valores hematológicos de hemoglobina (Hb), volumen corpuscular celular (PCV) y los niveles vitamínicos de ácido fólico y cianocobalamina (vitamina B₁₂) de búfalos, en un área endémica de surra en Haryana Oriental, India. Los búfalos positivos a surra tuvieron niveles bajos de Hb, PCV, ácido fólico y vitamina B₁₂. Los niveles bajos de ácido fólico y cianocobalamina, pudieron haber exacerbado los sintomas clinicos de tripanosomiasis crónica, causada porTrypanosoma evansi.

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Folacine Et Cyanocobalamine En Relation Avec La Trypanosomose ATrypanosoma Evansi Chez Des Buffles

Résumé Les valeurs hématologiques de l'hémoglobine (Hb), l'hématocrite (PCV) et les taux de la folacine (acide folique) et de la cyanocobalamine (vitamine B₁₂) chez des buffles ont été déterminés dans une région de l'Est Haryana, Inde, où sévit le surra à l'état endémique. Les buffles positifs vis-à-vis du surra présentaient des taux significativement faibles de Hb, PCV, d'acide folique et de vitamine B₁₂. Les taux peu élevés de ces deux derniers éléments peuvent renforcer les siqnes cliniques de la trypanosomose chronique, due àT. evansi.

     

谈谈家蚕化水蛹的发生与防治

化水蛹,又称为黄死蛹或化骨龙,是家蚕后期死蛹的一种,该病在蚕种生产上发生较为普遍。每年每造均有不同程度的发生,其中以高温造(3～5造)发生较多,给蚕种生产带来一定程度的损失。现在根据我们的一些试验调查和生产中的一