Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of Populus euphratica Oliv forest during the growing season in the extreme arid region northwest China

Based on successive observation, fifteen-day evapotranspiration (ET_c) of Populus euphratica Oliv forest, in the extreme arid region northwest China, was estimated by application of Bowen ratio-energy balance method (BREB) during the growing season in 2005. During the growing season in 2005, total ET_c was 446.96 mm. From the beginning of growing season, the ET_c increased gradually, and reached its maximum value of 6.724 mm d⁻¹ in the last fifteen days of June. Hereafter the ET_c dropped rapidly, and reached its minimum value of 1.215 mm d⁻¹ at the end of growing season. The variation pattern of crop coefficient (K_c) was similar to that of ET_c. From the beginning of growing season, the K_c value increased rapidly, and reached its maximum value of 0.623 in the last fifteen days of June. Afterward, with slowing growth of P. euphratica, the value dropped rapidly to the end of growing season. According to this study, the ET_c of P. euphratica forest is affected not only by meteorological factors, but by water content in soil.     

基于热致液晶弹性体的仿生心脏泵的设计

为设计一款仿生心脏功能较佳的心室泵,采用柔性、热致伸缩的热致形变弹性体代替心肌,根据螺旋心室心肌带理论,选择心肌带的左心室段,并选取了Hilbert平面填充曲线作为热致导体在热致形变弹性体中的走行方式,设计出与真实心脏类似的心室泵结构.通过试验测量了所设计的心室泵的射血分数与心率,结果显示该心室泵的搏出量高于自然心脏,而其心率远低于自然心脏.相对于机械泵,所设计的心室泵结构与真实心脏类似,具有收缩能力强,射血分数高的优点,且不易破坏血细胞,生物相容性较好.不足之处在于,热致动液晶弹性体变形响应慢,暂时还未能达到正常心脏的心率.论证了构建双稳态结构,提高仿生心室泵效率的可能性,以及对于心肌纤维走向较为复杂的其他心肌带段,双轴拉伸机械雕刻对其仿生的可能性.此研究可为容积心脏泵的研发提供新的思路,也可以对右心衰竭等心脏疾病起到辅助治疗的作用.     

Genetic effects of historical anthropogenic disturbance on a long-lived endangered tropical tree Vatica mangachapoi

The endangered Vatica mangachapoi,a longlived,tropical tree with economic and ecological importance found in Hainan,China,was used to assess the hypothesis that historical human activities in Hainan's tropical rain forest could have negative effects on the genetic diversity of V.mangachapoi.Three hundred and twenty individuals from 11 natural populations—which were classified into three groups according to levels of disturbance—were sampled and analyzed with ISSRmarkers.Although genetic diversity of V.mangachapoi is high at the species level,it is relatively low within populations.A significant genetic differentiation occurs among different disturbance levels.Significant isolation-by-distance indicated relevant historical anthropogenic changes.Our findings showed that historical human disturbances significantly increase the genetic differentiation and slightly decrease the genetic diversity of long-lived tree V.mangachapoi.Relevant targeting conservation actions were recommended.     

杨木预水解过程中化学组分的降解行为及P因子调控作用

预水解具有环境友好性,符合生物炼制的理念。前期关于预水解的研究多集中于半纤维素的降解、分离和利用,而有关预水解过程中木质素降解的系统研究鲜有报道。以杨木为原料,在130~210℃条件下保温30~120 min进行预水解,结合P因子研究得率、葡聚糖、木聚糖、酸不溶木质素和酸溶木质素的降解率,揭示P因子对木质素降解行为的调控作用,探讨各化学组分在预水解过程中的相互作用。研究表明,预水解过程中木质素发生了一定程度的碎片化。随温度升高和时间延长,酸不溶木质素降解率均逐渐升高;当温度为190和210℃时,随时间延长,酸溶木质素降解率先升高后降低。试验证明,P因子对杨木木质素的降解具有调控作用。随着P因子增加,酸不溶木质素降解率呈指数上升,且分为快速降解(P因子<1500)和缓慢降解(P因子>1500)两个阶段;酸溶木质素降解率先上升后下降,在P因子为1926时达到最大值45.9%。此外,预水解过程中碳水化合物和木质素的降解具有相互作用关系。碳水化合物的降解为木质素的溶出打开了物理通道,同时木质素的重新吸附阻碍了其进一步降解。     

化感作用在林业中的研究进展及应用前景

化感作用是生物界中普遍存在的一种现象 ,在林业生态系统中化感作用也是一个非常值得重视的、对林木具有重要影响的生态化学因子 .通过大量而翔实的资料阐述了化感作用在林业上的研究现状及化感物质的来源、种类、生物合成途径与研究方法 ,并展望了其在林业发展中的应用前景     

瓯江彩鲤线粒体DNA的限制性内切酶分析

用 13种限制性内切酶对瓯江彩鲤的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行RFLP分析 ,结果表明 :(1)共产生 18种限制性态型 ,其中 5种酶产生限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLPs) ,归结为 5种基因单倍型。 (2 )瓯江彩鲤mtDNA大小为 16 .6 0± 0 .15kb ,单倍型间的基因多样性指数和群体核苷酸多样性指数分别为 0 .75 17、0 .0 2 86 ,遗传多样性较丰富     

植物激素和光暗培养条件对卷丹百合再生体系的影响

【目的】探究植物激素和光暗培养条件对卷丹百合（Lilium lancifolium Thunb）再生体系的影响,为卷丹百合种质资源开发和大面积推广种植打下基础。【方法】以卷丹百合鳞片为外植体,分析培养基中不同植物激素［NAA、6-BA、2,4-D、噻苯隆（TDZ）和毒莠定（PIC）］配比及光（光照时间14 h/d）、暗（全天黑暗）培养条件对卷丹百合鳞片愈伤组织诱导、增殖及不定芽再生的影响,建立卷丹百合组培高效再生体系。【结果】与不添加任何激素的对照（CK）相比,添加激素的培养基均能显著提高卷丹百合鳞片愈伤组织的诱导率（P<0.05）,其中TDZ 0.4 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L组合的效果最佳,暗培养条件下其愈伤组织诱导率达65.57%;在TDZ 0.4 mg/L+2,4-D 0.05 mg/L的培养基中暗培养20 d后,再转入TDZ 0.4 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L的培养基中继续暗培养40 d,愈伤组织增殖倍数最高,可达2.45倍。6-BA与NAA组合比6-BA与PIC组合更利于诱导不定芽的产生,芽再生倍数最高的培养基为6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,暗培养条件下其再生倍数最高可达6.08倍。与光培养相比,暗培养更利于愈伤组织诱导和增殖,但在愈伤组织诱导不定芽阶段,长时间暗培养不利于芽的生长,暗培养20 d后转移至光培养条件下继续培养40 d,生成的不定芽色泽鲜绿,叶片伸展,长势旺盛,利于壮苗和生根。【结论】卷丹百合组织培养的不同阶段受不同种类和浓度的植物激素组合影响;暗培养条件更利于愈伤组织的诱导和增殖,暗培养结合光培养条件最适合不定芽的再生和分化。     

不同品种粳稻的锌强化方法研究

通过比较不同锌肥施用方式对不同粳稻品种产量以及稻米锌含量的影响,筛选高效锌水稻品种和最佳锌施用方式。在田间试验条件下,分析9个粳稻品种的稻米产量和锌含量对S(锌肥土施)、SB(锌肥土施结合孕穗期喷施)、SF(锌肥土施结合扬花期喷施)和SBF(锌肥土施结合孕穗期和扬花期喷施)4种锌肥施用方式的响应,结果表明,各水稻品种稻米的锌含量在18.1～29.3 mg·kg~(-1)之间,吉洋1号、吉农大809、吉粳302、吉宏6号、长粳717和稻花香2号为高锌品种,吉农大899为中锌品种,平粳8号和吉粳515为低锌品种。锌肥土施对大多数水稻品种无显著增产作用,不同品种的稻米锌含量在施用锌肥后平均增幅为18.0%;S、SB、SF和SBF处理的稻米锌含量分别较不施锌处理提高了8.3%、17.4%、19.5%和27.0%,但3个喷施处理间的平均锌含量无显著差异。锌肥土施结合叶面喷施能显著提高稻米中的锌含量,不同施用方式的施锌效果因品种而异。选择富锌高产品种,锌肥土施结合适当生育期叶面喷施,可实现增产和稻米锌强化,实现水稻高产优质种植。     

蜂毒肽获取方法的研究概述

蜂毒肽是蜂毒中的主要活性成分,作为典型的抗菌肽,具有镇痛、抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等药理活性,有较大的科学研究价值和广泛的医疗应用价值。但蜂毒肽纯品获取的高成本阻碍了其开发和应用。主要从蜂毒中分离纯化和生物工程技术应用两个方面概括和比较了目前获取蜂毒肽的方法,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

Periplaneta americana peptide decreases apoptosis of pig-ovary granulosa cells induced by H2O2 through FoxO1

Oxidative stress can induce apoptosis of granulosa cells and lead to follicular atresia, thereby reducing the number of pigs giving birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Periplaneta americana peptide (PAP) on the apoptosis of the granulosa cells of pig ovaries (PGCs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) via FoxO1. PGCs were treated with H₂O₂ to establish a cell apoptosis model. Cell viability was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and nitric oxide (NO) content were detected to reflect the oxidative stress. Western blotting, qRT-PCR and overexpression were undertaken to determine the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3, and immunofluorescence was used to detect FoxO1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. PGCs were treated with 100 μM H₂O₂ for 6 hr, which resulted in oxidative damage and apoptosis and an apoptosis rate for PGCs of 32.95%. Next, PGCs were treated with 400 μg/ml PAP for 24 hr to repair the apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. PAP improved cell viability in H₂O₂-stimulated PGCs, the increased MDA level and NO content caused by H₂O₂ stimulation were reversed and the apoptotic rate of PGCs was reduced. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results indicated that PAP decreased the H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3 in PGCs. The effect of PAP was the same following FoxO1 overexpression. FoxO1 was expressed in the nucleus when stimulated by H₂O₂ or overexpression; however, it migrated to the cytoplasm following PAP treatment. PAP decreased the apoptosis of PGCs induced by H₂O₂ by regulating FoxO1 expression and nuclear translocation.