渗透胁迫对小麦幼苗硝酸还原酶钝化蛋白的影响

渗透胁迫下郑引一号（干旱敏感品种）幼苗硝酸还原酶（ＮＲ）活性下降的速率比陕合六号（抗旱品种）的快。小麦幼苗中含有ＮＲ钝化蛋白部分Ⅰ和部分Ⅱ，其中部分Ⅱ对ＮＲ的钝化活性大于部分Ⅰ；随着渗透胁迫的加剧，陕合六号与郑引一号的ＮＲ钝化蛋白部分Ⅰ的钝化活性减小百分率相近，郑引一号的ＮＲ钝化蛋白部分Ⅱ的钝化活性上升百分速率则快于陕合六号的，因而，在渗透胁迫下，郑引一号的总ＮＲ钝化蛋白活性比陕合六号的高。     

小麦叶片硝酸还原酶钝化蛋白的纯化与活力

通过硫酸铵分级分离和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱纯化得到的小麦叶片蛋白，可分为两个部分，其对硝酸还原酶（ＮＲ）都有明显的钝化活力；且钝化蛋白部分Ⅱ的钝化活力明显高于同样蛋白含量的部分Ⅰ．小麦叶片中硝酸还原酶钝化蛋白部分Ⅰ和Ⅱ同样对其根中的ＮＲ具有钝化活性。钝化蛋白部分Ⅰ通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进一步纯化，达到电泳纯，测得分子量为４７．５ｋ     

百香果树莓复合果酒的酿造工艺优化及其体外抗氧化性研究

为生产优质果酒,采用单因素结合响应面的方法,以酒体感官评价为指标开展百香果树莓复合果酒的酿造工艺优化研究并测定其多酚含量,之后通过考查复合果酒对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除率及其还原力开展百香果树莓复合果酒的体外抗氧化性研究。结果表明：复合果酒的最佳酿造工艺为百香果树莓果浆配比1:2（g·g^-1）、初始糖度22.4 Brix、料水比1:1（g·mL^-1）、发酵温度19 ℃、发酵时间11 d;与同多酚浓度的Vc相比,此果酒具有更高的羟基自由基和超氧阴离子清除能力,DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率可达87.8%、66.9%和47.4%,还原力可达29.2%。按照优化的工艺酿造的复合果酒酒度为12.3%(vol),多酚含量为353.9 mg·L^-1,呈红宝石色,清澈透明无悬浮物、有典型的百香果和树莓香气、丰满爽口有新鲜感,具有良好的抗氧化性。     

Effects of resveratrol treatment on mitochondria and subsequent embryonic development of bovine blastocysts cryopreserved by slow freezing

This study evaluated the effects of cryopreservation by slow freezing on the mitochondrial function, DNA integrity, and developmental ability of bovine embryos and examined whether resveratrol treatment of the frozen‐thawed blastocysts improved embryonic viability. In vitro produced bovine embryos were subjected to slow freezing. After thawing, the ATP content and mitochondrial DNA integrity (mtDNA), determined by real‐time PCR targeting short and long mitochondrial sequences, was found to be lower in frozen‐thawed embryos than in fresh embryos, and mtDNA copy number was significantly reduced during the 24‐hr incubation post warming. Furthermore, immunostaining against double‐strand DNA revealed DNA damage in frozen‐thawed embryos. When frozen‐thawed embryos were incubated in the medium containing 0.5 µM resveratrol, SIRT1 expression, and survival rate of the embryos significantly improved compared with the vehicle‐treated embryos. In addition, cell‐free mtDNA content in medium was higher in case of resveratrol‐treated embryos than of vehicle‐treated embryos. In conclusion, slow freezing affects mitochondrial integrity and function in the blastocysts. In the frozen‐thawed embryos, mitochondria were removed during post‐thawing incubation and resveratrol enhanced the process, resulting in improved survivability of the embryos.     

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity in cultured canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs)

Autologous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) infusion therapy improves the hepatic fibrosis. To investigate the mechanism of remission, we evaluated the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activity in canine BMSCs and the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on their expression. The activity and the gene expression of MMPs were analyzed by gelatin zymography and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. The specific gelatinase bands were indicative effect of MMP-2 and -9 in canine BMSCs. MMP-2 expression seemed to be increased by TNF-α and IL-1β while MMP-9 was enhanced by TNF-α and IL-6. These results suggested that remissive effect on liver fibrosis might be partly attributable to the MMP-2 and -9 activity in BMSCs under the inflammatory condition.     

Storage of plug seedlings of tomato under limited fertilisation,and growth,flowering and yield after planting

We stored plug seedlings of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Momotaro) under limited fertilisation (LF) for 12 weeks, and evaluated growth and development during storage and after planting. Seedlings in the LF treatment were grown in substrate containing starter fertiliser and irrigated with water. Controls (CT) were irrigated with nutrient solution. Stem growth, leaf growth, and biomass accumulation slowed or ceased during storage of LF seedlings, while CT seedlings showed increases in these parameters. At 2 weeks after planting, the stem length of LF seedlings was shorter than that of CT seedlings, but the two seedling types had similar numbers of leaves. At harvest, LF and CT plants had similar numbers of leaves under the fruit trusses, but the trusses formed at lower heights in LF than in CT seedlings. LF and CT plants produced similar numbers of fruits and similar yields from the first to third trusses. These results indicate that tomato plug seedlings can be stored for more than 2 months under LF.     

Effect of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) on the fruit ripening characters of rabbiteye blueberry

Effect of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) application on rabbiteye blueberry fruit quality during the growth period was investigated. Ethephon treatment stimulated the decrement of titratable acidity, anthocyanin accumulation and fruit softening 4 days after treatment and the promoting effects continued through the investigation period. The ripening promotion effect of ethephon on total soluble solids content was observed only 8 days after treatment. Ethephon treatment did not affect the fruit enlargement during the investigation period. From these results, it is concluded that ethephon application for rabbiteye blueberry promote the fruit ripening, but the stimulatory effects of ethephon on fruit ripening were different in degree on each ripening characters.     

Detection of in vivo DNA damage induced by ethanol in multiple organs of pregnant mice using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay

Ethanol is principal ingredient of alcohol beverage, but considered as human carcinogen, and has neurotoxicity. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy often causes fetal alcohol syndrome. The DNA damage is one of the important factors in carcinogenicity or teratogenicity. To detect the DNA damage induced by ethanol, we used an in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in pregnant mice organs and embryos. Pregnant ICR mice on Day 7 of gestation were treated with 2, 4 or 8 g/kg ethanol, and maternal organs/tissues and embryos were subjected to the Comet assay at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hr after ethanol treatment. Four and 8 g/kg ethanol induced DNA damage in brain, lung and embryos at 4 or 8 hr after the treatment. Two g/kg ethanol did not cause any DNA damage, and 8 g/kg ethanol only increased the duration of DNA damage without distinct increase in the degree of the damage. No significant DNA damage was observed in the liver. To detect the effect of acetaldehyde, disulfiram, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, was administered before 4 g/kg ethanol treatment. No significant increase of DNA damage was observed in the disulfiram pre-treated group. These data indicate that ethanol induces DNA damage, which might be related to ethanol toxicity. Since pre-treatment of disulfiram did not increase DNA damage, DNA damage observed in this study might not be the effect of acetaldehyde.