近江牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）家系早期发育生长比较

选取数量性状有较大差异的6个近江牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）作为亲本,成功建赢了9个半同胞家系,并对各个家系的受精、孵化、成活和早期生长的情况进行比较。结果显示,各家系子代的受精率、9孵化率和成活率均受亲本成熟度的影响;各家系的早期生长中,家系CH1、CH4和CH7的生长率大于其他家系;近江牡蛎幼虫的早期生长阶段受母本效应影响明显。     

应用RAPD标记对东方(鱼屯)属进行种类鉴别及其聚类分析

利用RAPD技术对红鳍东方、假睛东方、暗纹东方和从日本引进的红鳍东方4个种进行了遗传标记鉴别研究.在事先优化的条件下,20个随机引物共扩增出134条谱带清晰、重复性高的DNA片段,其中多态性片段77条.结果证实每一种均有其特异性扩增图谱,可作为种鉴定的依据;用UPGMA和NJ等方法进行聚类,构建的系统树与借助形态学和生化特征进行的传统分类结果一致.研究表明,RAPD作为一种新的分子标记,在海洋动物遗传鉴定方面具有巨大的潜力.     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected protein feed ingredients for loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and energy, and amino acids availability in white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal were determined for loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) (12.05 ± 0.21 g), using a reference diet with 5 g kg^?1 chromic oxide and test diets that contained 700 g kg^?1 reference diet, by weight, and 300 g kg^?1 of the test feed ingredients. The juvenile loach was held in 300‐l tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. White fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal had highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy among ingredients tested, ranged from 50.4% to 60.9% for dry matter, from 64.6% to 88.4% for crude protein and from 57.9% to 79.0% for gross energy. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranged from 61.0% to 66.9% for animal products and 50.4% to 60.7% for plant products. For crude protein, apparent digestibility coefficients of protein exceeding 80% were observed for white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal, and the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein in rapeseed meal were the lowest among all the treatments. Lipids from both animal and plant feedstuffs were poorly digested by loach, ranging from 64.0% to 77.6%. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy were similar to those of dry matter and protein, and the highest and lowest ADCs of energy were found in WFM and RM, respectively. The loach used dietary phosphorus from the animal feedstuffs more efficiently than from plant feedstuffs (soybean meal and rapeseed meal), with ADC‐values ranging from 42.3% to 53.1% and from 25.1% to 32.7%, respectively. For the animal products, the availabilities of amino acids in white fish meal and brown fish meal were higher than that in meat meal, expect for Met, Asp, Pro, Gly, and Cys. Among all the plant products, the availabilities of amino acids in fermented soybean meal were higher than in soybean meal and rapeseed meal, and thus had a greater potential to be used as a dietary replacement of fish meal in loach diets.     

福建省平鳍鳅科鱼类的研究

经鉴定,采自福建省龙岩市九江支流满竹溪的拟腹吸鳅属标本为一新种,依山名而定为梅花山拟腹吸鳅Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｇａｓｔｒｏｍｙｚｏｎ ｍｅｉｈｕａｓｈａｎｅｎｉｓｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。根据三年野外调查和鱼类标本采集,已知福建省平鳍鳅科鱼类计１８种。     

半滑舌鳎溃疡病原杀鲑气单胞菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)是广受我国消费者认可的名优鱼类,具有很高的营养价值和经济价值,然而,随着工厂化养殖模式的不断发展,疾病成为制约半滑舌鳎养殖业健康发展的关键因素,其中,体表溃疡病为其常见病症。从严重溃疡病半滑舌鳎体内分离到1株优势菌株HX0416,该菌可在TCBS培养基上生长,并可在绵羊血平板上形成清晰的β-溶血环;经过16S rRNA和rpo D基因序列同源性分析并结合生化特性鉴定为杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)。健康半滑舌鳎幼鱼感染试验表明,该菌对半滑舌鳎具有较强致病性,感染72 h(1.04×106cfu·m L-1)对攻毒鱼的致死率达91.7%。药敏试验结果显示,该菌对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星等喹诺酮类和头孢曲松、头孢吡肟等头孢菌素类药物比较敏感,而对硫酸新霉素、土霉素等氨基糖苷类和四环素类药物多重耐药,尤其是对磺胺甲噁唑、氨苄西林等磺胺类和β-内酰胺类药物严重耐药。     

中国大陆沿海六水系绒螯蟹(中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹)群体亲缘关系:RAPD指纹标记

用 4 8个具有丰富多态性的 10碱基随机引物对辽河、黄河、长江、瓯江、珠江和南流江的中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹的 6个群体进行RAPD分析。结果发现 :(1)两个引物具有群体特异性带 ,其中Z2扩增的 880bp片段为珠江蟹和南流江蟹群体中所特有 ,而 70 0bp片段为长江蟹、辽河蟹、黄河蟹和瓯江蟹所特有 ,可作为区别日本绒螯蟹和中华绒螯蟹的分子遗传标记 ;(2 )Opp17扩增的 94 7bp片段的出现频率 ,在长江、黄河和辽河群体显著地从南到北递减 ,长江蟹 87.50 %、黄河蟹4 1.66%、辽河蟹 10 .83%。这一遗传渐变的度量可作为区别这三个水系的中华绒螯蟹种群的判据 ;(3) 6水系群体内的平均遗传相似度依次为 :辽河蟹 0 .90 8>南流江蟹 0 .897>瓯江蟹和珠江蟹 0 .895>黄河蟹 0 .890 >长江蟹 0 .850 ;6群体间遗传距离及其UPGMA、NJ聚类分析进一步表明 ,南流江蟹、珠江蟹同长江蟹、辽河蟹及黄河蟹在基因组之间存在明显的歧化。     

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

草方格铺设机器人多体动力学仿真与试

采用Pro/E和ADAMS软件相结合的方法,建立了草方格铺设机器人动力学模型,同时探讨了二者联合建模仿真的一般步骤.模型添加必要的边界条件后,对纵向压轮和横向插刀正常动作时的草方格铺设机器人振动状态进行了仿真.通过仿真,得到了牵引车、纵向铺设机构、横向铺设机构、纵向压轮和横向插刀质心的位移、速度以及加速度曲线.分析了这些曲线出现波动的原因,为进一步的优化提供了数据.通过试验,得到实际状态下的试验曲线,并与仿真曲线进行对照,证实了草方格铺设机器人仿真模型和仿真结果的合理性和可靠性.     

新疆面包小麦品质性状环境变异及配粉效果的研究

为了进一步了解面包小麦品种在不同生态区的品质变异状况，通过实验室方法对新疆引进和选育的优质面包小麦新春9号和Y20在新疆乌鲁木齐市、石河子市和奇台县三个不同生态环境下的品质性状表现进行了检测分析。结果表明，小麦的加工品质易受环境影响，同一品种在不同地区种植其加工品质性状存在一定差异，但不同品种对环境反应的敏感性不同，新春9号在不同地区的品质性状差异小于Y20。虽然两个品种的综合品质性状都达到了国家一、二级面包小麦标准，但两个品种的加工品质性状差异还是较大的，其中，石河子产Y20的品质性状表现最为理想。因此，在进行品质性状环境变异研究的同时，对两个品种不同比例的搭配进行了粉质、拉伸、吹泡参数及烘焙品质的测定，结果表明将不同点的新春9号与石河子产Y20搭配，随着Y20比例的增加，其搭配后的品质在不断优化；对奇台产Y20与乌鲁木齐产新春9号以不同比例配粉，其中40%奇台产Y20与60%乌鲁木齐产新春9号配粉的效果最好；考虑到生产成本，则后者配粉效果更理想。     

水稻土中Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb污染元素的研究进展

本文主要阐述了水稻土中Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb污染元素的形态、土壤化学行为、生物效应及被污染土壤修复的研究进展。