高粱新病害顶腐病的初步研究

我国高粱上发生的新病害顶腐病是由亚粘团串珠镰孢(Fusarinm moniliforme var. subglutinans Wr.＆Reink.)侵染引起的。病菌生长的适宜温度为25～30℃,适宜pH值为6～8。小型分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为25～28℃,适宜pH值为6～7。病菌在Bilai培养基上,pH4～11间均易产生大型分生孢子。黑光灯和日光灯照射对大型分生孢子形成有促进作用,且黑光灯优于日光灯;在光照处理下最适宜产生大型孢子的培养基为小麦粒和高粱粒。病菌在PSA培养基上培养10～12天后可产生厚垣孢子。病菌能利用多种碳源,以半乳糖、甘露糖为佳,乳糖、木糖、葡萄糖次之。对氮源利用远不及碳源。人工接种条件下,病菌能侵染高粱、苏丹草、哥伦布草、玉米、谷子、珍珠粟、薏苡、水稻、燕麦、小麦、狗尾草等禾本科植物。     

向日葵上一种列当的发生分布及防治

从1979～1980年调查研究明确了吉林省白城地区寄生在向日葵上的恶性杂草——列当的种名是Orobanche coerulescens Steph(本文暂称白城列当)而不是向日葵列当(O.cumana)。白城列当在全地区8个县均有分布,发生密度较大的地块1平方米均有300棵左右,寄生株率96%以上,1株向日葵上最多寄生146棵。其垂直分布主要在土壤耕层里,是寄生于向日葵根部,以5～15厘米耕层寄生率最高达93%。在向日葵植株周围的水平分布以距向日葵5～20厘米寄生率达68.1%。被害的向日葵植株,表现株矮、茎细、盘小,甚至全株枯死。籽实减产38.3～70.3%,籽仁含油率降低3.3～17.9%,严重影响向日葵的生产,应引起各方面重视。提出因地制宜地采取选育抗性品种,合理轮作及提早铲除等综合防治措施,以便尽早地消灭在始发阶段。     

Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickensOA

Background: Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF) of vitamin C(VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems.Results: Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during p...     

分子生物学技术在真菌种性检测中的应用

本文介绍了当前应用于真菌分类学中的六种分子生物学技术（G C值、DNA互补,RNA技术,RFLP、RAPD五种核酸技术和一种蛋白质技术——同工酶技术）的原理、操作。适用范围及其应用状况,为食、药用真菌研究者和生产者提供参考。     

疙瘩皮肤病概述

疙瘩皮肤病(LSD)又称结节性皮炎或块状皮肤病,是世界动物卫生组织(OIE)规定的A类疫病之一。LSD是由LSDV引起的,以发热,皮肤、粘膜、器官表面广泛性结节,消瘦,淋巴结肿大,皮肤水肿为特征,严重时会引起死亡。此病能大幅度降低产乳量,损坏皮张,常带来较大的经济损失。目前,此病在非洲、以色列等国家和地区发生流行,我国尚无此类疫病的发生。本文仅就疙瘩皮肤病的病原、流行病学、临床与病理、诊断、预防及控制等方面作一概述。     

Human and climatic drivers of land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River basin,China

Climate and human activities change spatial and temporal distribution of water and land use. The Tarim River, the largest inland river in China, faced a long-term exploitation of land and water over a rapid economic development. We analyzed land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River Basin by Landsat images, and data on hydrology, climate, population, economy and PM_2.5 (air particulate matter ≤2.5 μm). Agricultural land expanded the fastest (4–11%), followed by natural vegetation (15–16%) and water area (4–5%) with population and economic increase. Air quality (PM_2.5 μg m⁻³) improved in upper (62–27) and middle (48–17) reaches. The water area in lower increase 5% because of ecological water delivery since 2000. Land use in the lower reach was dominated by agriculture, where the downstream runoff consumption increased by 6.8 times. The average annual air temperature and precipitation gradually increased by 0.5 °C and 51 mm in source and 0.9 °C and 30 mm in main reaches. The average annual water consumption in upper and middle reaches was 4 × 10⁹ m³, accounting for 87% of input runoff in the main reach. Water consumption in middle reach increased by 33 times in 2009–2017. The industry structure was changing from primary to secondary and tertiary industry. To sum up, implementation of water saving strategies and ecological water delivery restored local ecology. Sustainable strategies should be applied facing industrialization. Furthermore, changing the industry structure and restoring the degraded farmlands to grasslands or forests would keep sustainability of Tarim River Basin.     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

浙江省中华蜜蜂形态特征研究

选择浙江省12个样点36群中华蜜蜂样本,每群随机抽取15只工蜂,每只工蜂测定27项形态特征指标。利用SPSS16.0对形态特征数据进行因素分析、聚类分析和变异分析。结果表明:浙江省境内的中华蜜蜂存在较大的形态差异及种群分化。因素分析结果提取3个特征值高(>3)的因素,包括了63.798%的变异。利用提取的主因子进行聚类分析,分为4个类群:永康、义乌、金华、杭州和丽水的样本为第1类;长兴、黄岩、慈溪的样本为第2类;江山、嵊州和舟山的样本为第3类;苍南的样本与其他地区样本的遗传距离最远,单独为一类。变异分析结果显示:浙江省12个样点中华蜜蜂除后翅钩数样点间差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其余26项形态指标样点间差异较大。其中,舟山中华蜜蜂的翅长、翅宽、第3、4背板总长、第4、7腹板总长及腿相关4项指标平均值最大,与其余地区中华蜜蜂形态差异性较大;苍南中华蜜蜂的蜡镜长、蜡镜间距离和蜡镜斜长指标均值最大,与其它地区中华蜜蜂形态差异显著(P<0.05)。     

马正常肢体血流图实验研究

本实验首次采用XLJ—8型桥式血流图仪描记了12匹健康马四肢血流图.结果表明,马肢体血流图描记法是可行的,同时提供了健康马肢体血流图8项主要指标的参考值。本实验的首试成功,为肢体血流图在兽医临床领域中广泛应用奠定了基础.     

High‐level exogenous trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid plays an anti‐lipogenesis role in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were treated by 0, 37.5, 75, 112.5, 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to evaluate the effects of different level trans10, cis12 CLA on lipogenesis in BMEC. Addition of 75–150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA reduced significantly the triacylglycerol (TAG) content (P < 0.05), but did not have inhibiting action on cell proliferation (P > 0.05). Treatment with 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA for 48 h resulted in a 17.1% reduction (P < 0.0001) of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA, C14 < C < C16), a 26.5% reduction (P < 0.0001) of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and a corresponding reduction of the mRNA abundance of acetyl coenzyme A (acetylCoA) carboxylase (ACC) (P = 0.046), fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P = 0.017) and stearoylCoA desaturase1 (SCD1) (P = 0.002). Another finding was that trans10, cis12 CLA elevated expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (DGAT2) (P = 0.020) and long chain acylCoA synthetases (ACSL) (P = 0.032). In conclusion, higher trans10, cis12 CLA, not low trans10, cis12 CLA, inhibited milk fat synthesis and changed fatty acid composition by regulating the expression of FAS, ACC, SCD1, DGAT2 and ACSL.