2013—2016年上海市项目核心示范猪场主要疫病的免疫抗体监测

为评估上海市部分规模猪场的免疫抗体水平,更好地指导生产实践,对9个项目核心示范猪场2013—2016年间1 606份血清样品进行口蹄疫、猪瘟和高致病性猪蓝耳病等3种主要疫病的免疫抗体检测,并对不同规模场、不同区域、不同年份、不同采样时间点和不同阶段猪群的免疫抗体水平进行比较分析。结果显示：2013—2016年上海市部分规模猪场O型口蹄疫免疫抗体平均合格率为85.13%（95% CI：83.39%~86.87%）,猪瘟免疫抗体平均合格率为84.65%（95% CI：82.89%~86.41%）,高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体平均合格率为95.77%（95% CI：94.79%~96.75%）;不同地区、不同年份间的部分疫病抗体合格率存在差异;9个核心示范猪场3种主要疫病免疫抗体水平呈现逐年上升趋势;不同采样时间点的O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率差异极显著,其他疫病不显著;生产母猪的免疫抗体水平优于商品肉猪。检测结果显示,通过持续跟踪监测、不断优化免疫程序、调整疫苗种类,上海市规模猪场的主要疫病得到了良好的控制。     

一起不履行动物强制免疫义务案的分析

通过对一起不履行动物强制免疫义务案件的分析,指出同类案件在办理过程中容易出现的问题,以及的目前执法工作中存在的一些不足,针对这些问题提出了解决建议。     

温度对醉马草内生真菌共生体幼苗生长和生物碱产量的影响

研究了不同温度(8℃/5℃、15℃/12℃、22℃/15℃、28℃/25℃、35℃/28℃)处理对醉马草内生真菌共生体幼苗的形态指标、叶绿素、可溶性糖以及麦角酰胺和麦角新碱含量的影响,以期明确共生体幼苗生长和产碱的最适温度。结果表明,株高、根长和生物量均在22℃/15℃处理下达到最大,其中株高显著(P0.05)高于其它4个处理,根长显著(P0.05)高于28℃/25℃和35℃/28℃处理,生物量显著(P0.05)高于8℃/5℃、28℃/25℃和35℃/28℃处理,分蘖在15℃/12℃处达到最大,显著(P0.05)高于8℃/5℃、28℃/25℃和35℃/28℃处理。叶绿素在22℃/15℃处理下达到最大,显著(P0.05)高于8℃/5℃、15℃/12℃和35℃/28℃处理。可溶性糖在5个温度处理下差异不显著(P0.05)。在处理时间为15 d时,麦角酰胺和麦角新碱含量均在22℃/15℃处理下达到最大。综上所述,最适宜共生体幼苗生长、麦角酰胺和麦角新碱积累的处理温度是22℃/15℃。     

基于MODIS数据的伊犁河谷植被指数变化及其对气候的响应

利用2006-2014年主要生长季(5-9月)的MODIS遥感数据,分析了2006-2014年的年平均NDVI和生长季月NDVI变化规律。同时,收集整理同期伊犁河谷地区的气温与降水资料,并对NDVI与当月、2个月滑动、3个月滑动和5个月滑动的平均气温、降水值进行了相关性分析。结果表明,NDVI与气温、降水都存在一定的相关性,NDVI受当月平均气温的影响最大;NDVI与当月降水和滑动平均降水的相关性都很好,但3个月滑动平均降水对NDVI的影响最大,并且通过了0.01的极显著性检验。     

小五台山亚高山草甸的群落特征及物种多样性

采用样带和样方相结合的方法沿海拔梯度取样,利用数量生态学方法对小五台山国家级自然保护区亚高山草甸群落进行分析。结果表明,1)双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)将该区的草甸群落分为9个类型;2)RDA排序结果较好地反映出群落分布格局与环境梯度的关系,各个群落类型在前两轴分异明显;第一轴反映了群落分布格局与坡向、土壤温度、海拔、土壤厚度极显著相关(P0.01),与土壤湿度显著相关(P0.05);第二轴反映了群落分布格局与坡度、土壤厚度极显著相关(P0.01);3)环境因子的蒙特卡罗随机置换检验表明,坡向、海拔、坡度显著影响群落分布(P0.05),对植被类型的形成具有关键作用;4)草甸群落Patrick丰富度指数随着海拔的升高呈下降趋势,随着坡向值的增加、土壤温度的升高呈逐渐上升趋势;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随土壤厚度的增大呈微小下降趋势;Pielou均匀度指数随着海拔的升高、土壤湿度的增大呈上升趋势,随着坡向值的增加、土壤温度的升高呈逐渐下降趋势;Simpson优势度指数随着坡度的增大表现出微小的下降趋势,随土壤厚度的增大呈上升趋势。     

全国毛白杨优良无性系选育

经苗期对比试验,从全国１０省种源的１０４７株毛白杨优良基因资源中初选出３４个无性系进行中试,以比较速生的天然三倍体毛白杨雌株做对照。９年测定结果表明,鲁毛５０、５３１４、１４１４、５０１５和南×毛新五个无性系的材积增益高达３０％～５８．２％,且干形直,形态变异明显,易识别,适应性和抗逆性较强,有较高的推广利用价值。     

紫叶标记釉型光一温敏核不育系中紫S的选育及其配组的杂种优势

带标记的光一温敏核不育系在制种后对其F1能籍标记性状在苗期检出假杂种,减少在生产应用中的风险。本研究采用中国水稻研究所保存的一份带紫叶标记的釉型紫叶稻(CN-pl>和湖北省农科院粮作所育成的温敏核不育系W6154S杂交,在F2代选择紫叶稻回交一次后,以系谱法逐代选择而育成了带紫叶标记的光一温敏核不育系一中紫S0在杭州(     

Genetic diversity within spelta and macha wheats based on RAPD analysis

Genetic diversity in a crop species is basic to improvement of the species and can be estimated at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic diversity within and between spelta and macha wheats. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was conducted on 69 spelta and 32 macha wheat accessions. The classification of spelta and macha accessions, based on Jaccard genetic similarity coefficients for RAPD markers, was consistent with their geographic origin. The results indicated that the germplasm of macha wheat was more diverse than that of spelta wheat. In the dendrogram of macha wheat, four spelta-like accessions grouped together, separate from the remaining macha accessions, suggesting that these accessions were misclassified. In addition, accessions with identical RAPD patterns were found, indicating that these accessions were probably duplicated. Thus RAPD analysis can be used to estimate genetic diversity and identify duplicate accessions in wheat germplasm collections. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水稻胚乳细胞增殖和充实与子房生理活性变化关系的研究

结合水稻不同粒位籽粒的胚乳增殖动态和单细胞充实状况,分析了胚乳细胞增殖过程中子房若干生理指标的变化特点,结果表明：籽粒呼吸量较大的时期为胚乳细胞物质充实期,而单位鲜重呼吸强度最大在胚乳细胞分裂期,弱势粒呼吸强度在花后有一低水平期,随着细胞分裂的起动开始上升;胚乳细胞分裂期保持有较物质充实期高得多的含水率;子房ＡＴＰ水平在胚乳细胞分裂期处于较高水平;可溶性糖含量强势粒在胚乳细胞分裂期水平较高,至细胞     

The use of genetic resources in crop improvement: Lessons from China

The use of crop genetic resources in improvement programmes should be the ultimate objective of all undertakings in the field of germplasm resources. The present situation and future direction of the use of crop germplasm in China was assessed from responses to a questionnaire distributed to 165 plant breeders and curators nationwide. The general opinions for the limiting factors of germplasm utilization were also evaluated. Responses from the questionnaire indicated that the use of germplasm in breeding programmes is much more important than the direct use of germplasm in crop production as cultivars released. Among different types of crop genetic resources, released varieties and breeding lines contribute more to crop breeding. Wild relatives and genetic stocks, however, are expected to play a greater role in the future. Landraces will remain important in improvement. Limited useful germplasm available to breeders is the basic reason for the insufficient use of germplasm in crop breeding at present. The complex reasons which affect the availability of useful germplasm involve the research level, links between breeder and curator and others. To counter these, we propose some suggestions and measures which can be implemented in the near future.