不同小麦品种对麦田磺酰脲类除草剂的耐药性研究

通过敏感性测定，明确了不同小麦品种对麦田磺酰脲类除草剂的耐药性。结果表明，百农６５，豫麦２号耐药性较强；百农６４，豫麦３２号，中育３号耐药性居中，豫麦２１号，豫麦１８号耐药性较弱。豫麦２１号对药剂的敏感性最强，用药不当，易产生药害，并对品种×药剂间及品种×药剂×含量间的协同效应进行了分析。     

The U.S. Wholesale Market for Marine Ornamentals

The market for marine ornamentals encompasses all live marine species (fish and invertebrates) destined for the aquarium trade. In 1998, U.S. imports and exports were valued at approximately US $1.5 billion at the border (all dollar values cited in this paper are $US). In Florida, cultured freshwater and collected saltwater species accounted for $70 million and $4 million, respectively, in annual dockside revenue. To help explain Florida's marine landings and provide suggestions for future resource management and market campaigns that reflect the perceptions of the industry, a survey of wholesalers was initiated in 1999. Preliminary results indicate that there are several intermediate wholesale markets. Florida firms are closer to the supply as many also collect. Wholesalers in other states handle more freshwater product, are larger, and tend to import a larger share of their inventory. Consolidation is expected to continue, but niche markets for eco-friendly firms are expected to grow. In Florida, marketing strategies should focus on the observed higher survival rates and increasing supply of the popular invertebrate species. Many wholesalers are concerned about additional regulations that could reduce the number of collectors and thereby increase supply variability, a noted weakness of the Florida industry.     

龟背竹等11种花卉无土栽培营养环境动态试验研究

以龟背竹等１１种花卉植物为材料,研究了在无土栽培条件下营养和水分的动态变化规律,为合理配制营养液及其管理提供了科学依据。     

Soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration by consecutive biochar application: Results from a decade field experiment

Biochar addition can expand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and has potential ability in mitigating climate change. Also, some incubation experiments have shown that biochar can increase soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents. However, there is no direct evidence for this from the field experiment. In order to make up the sparseness of available data resulting from the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon fractions, here we detected the contents and stocks of the bulk SIC and SOC fractions based on a 10‐year field experiment of consecutive biochar application in Shandong Province, China. There are three biochar treatments as no‐biochar (control), and biochar application at 4.5 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B4.5) and 9.0 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B9.0), respectively. The results showed that biochar application significantly enhanced SIC content (3.2%–24.3%), >53 μm particulate organic carbon content (POC, 38.2%–166.2%) and total soil organic carbon content (15.8%–82.2%), compared with the no‐biochar control. However, <53 μm silt–clay‐associated organic carbon (SCOC) content was significantly decreased (14%–27%) under the B9.0 treatment. Our study provides the direct field evidence that SIC contributed to carbon sequestration after the biochar application, and indicates that the applied biochar was allocated mainly in POC fraction. Further, the decreased SCOC and increased microbial biomass carbon contents observed in field suggest that the biochar application might exert a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon.     

仿生敲击式山核桃破壳机的设计与试验

针对目前国内山核桃破壳机实用机型少,破壳率较低,果仁损伤率较高等情况,提出了一种仿生敲击(即模仿人工加工山核桃的方式)破壳方式,研制一款仿生敲击式山核桃破壳机。根据山核桃的物料特性以及破壳时所需的各项力学特性参数,建立了破壳机构设计的数学模型。确定了敲击臂的结构尺寸,优化了凸轮结构,并最终得到了凸轮的实际轮廓曲线。该文阐述了破壳机的总体结构与性能,建立了整机的三维实体模型,并根据建模制造了样机。该样机通过现场试验,结果表明:山核桃的含水率为14.55%~16.35%,大小为直径18~22 mm(沿缝合线方向)时,破壳率为99.41%,果仁损伤率为6.25%,生产率为94.93 kg/h,满足生产要求。该研究丰富与完善了坚果类果实的破壳机理与方法,为含隔坚果类的破壳机具设计与开发提供系统的理论依据和应用基础。     

论节能式炉气体木材干燥室的设计

本文讨论了节能式炉气干燥室设计的一些技术问题，如提高自生风引力增强通风；多种传热方式并用，增强传热，降低热损失的途径等，以达到节能降耗、快速干燥的目的。     

矿业废弃地再利用空间结构优化的技术体系与方法

为了合理确定矿业废弃地再利用的用途、数量比例和空间布局,释放其再利用潜力,保障矿产资源型城市未来发展所需各项用地,构建了矿业废弃地再利用空间结构优化的技术体系,即先进行复垦适宜性评价,而后进行数量结构优化,最后进行空间结构优化。提出了数量结构优化和空间结构优化的思路和方法,数量结构优化应将再利用为各种地类的矿业废弃地的面积与区域内原有的相同地类的面积进行整合,综合考虑土地利用的生态、经济、社会效益,同时将土地复垦适宜性评价的结果作为主要约束条件;将数量结构优化的结果作为空间结构优化的约束条件,将矿业废弃地视为一种独立的地类参与整个区域的土地利用空间结构优化,通过区域土地利用空间结构优化的结果来确定矿业废弃地再利用的最优空间布局,同时结合土地复垦适宜性评价的结果对其进行检验和修正。采用比较分析法,选择基于GIS的模糊综合评价法作为土地复垦适宜性评价的方法;数量结构优化采用基于生态位的线性规划模型,空间结构优化采用CLUES模型。最后,以北京市门头沟区为例进行了实证研究。结果表明,该技术体系、方法和模型有效地实现了矿业废弃地再利用数量结构和空间结构的协同优化。该研究可为矿产资源型城市矿业废弃地再利用的实践提供理论借鉴。     

毛竹纯林长期经营对林地土壤肥力的影响

对竹木混交林和改为毛竹纯林处于不同经营时期的林地土壤肥力变化进行了调查分析。研究结果表明，竹木混交林土壤的自然肥力均高于相近地段上相同立地条件的毛竹纯林。毛竹纯林随经营的期延长，其土壤的自然肥力呈下降趋势，这是毛竹纯林的生长特性和经营方式决定的。     

江南花生地膜覆盖和灌溉的增减产效应研究

本文目的研究不同气候年型下,江南花生地膜覆盖栽培的适宜性。通过对江南花生种植进行地膜覆盖和生长中后期灌溉的田间试验表明,地膜覆盖在花生生长前期增温保墒,生育期明显提前,个体生长发育良好,生长后期降温保墒,提高经济性状。地膜覆盖增温保墒的增产率为58.4%,降温保墒的增产率为62.2%。在6月20日后采用灌溉处理,夏季高温干旱明显的2007年,旱地露地和覆膜、稻田露地产量比对照分别高出64.6%、37.2%、50.5%,稻田覆膜因土壤水分过多比对照减产40.2%。因此,出现高温干旱天气,及时灌溉能促进旱地栽培、稻田露地栽培花生生长和增产。降水过多会道导致稻田覆膜栽培花生减产,如果气象部门预报夏季降水偏多以连阴雨天气为主,应及时除去稻田地膜。     

东白山自然保护区基本概况及现状评价

本文介绍了东白山自然保护区基本概况和现状,保护区总面积5071．5hm3,有林地3886．5hm3,蓄积54609m3。区内地形复杂,物种丰富,风景优美,内有维管植物共计179科749属1530种,其中香榧古树1．227株;有陆生野生脊椎动物17目70科253种。是香榧种质资源保护库,也是重要的野生动植物基因库。