微波真空干燥对香蕉片干燥特性及品质的影响

为研究香蕉片微波真空干燥特性及品质,探讨了不同干燥因素对香蕉片干燥速率及品质的影响,在不同干燥温度（45、50、55、60℃）、微波功率密度（28、53、82W/g）、真空度（75、80、85、90kPa）及切片厚度（4、6、8、10mm）条件下对香蕉片进行微波真空干燥试验,并运用Weibull模型拟合了香蕉片微波真空干燥特性曲线。试验结果表明：随着干燥温度、微波功率密度及切片厚度的增加,干燥时间缩短;Weibull 分布函数能够较好地模拟香蕉片微波真空干燥过程,尺度参数α随干燥温度、微波功率密度和切片厚度的增加而降低,而干燥条件的变化对形状参数β影响甚微;色泽与干燥温度、微波功率密度、真空度及切片厚度均有关,干燥温度与真空度越高,色差越小,且随微波功率密度的上升而增大及切片厚度的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势;微波功率密度和切片厚度是影响复水比的主要因素,微波功率密度为28W/g、切片厚度为4~8mm时,干燥后的香蕉脆片复水性能较好。香蕉脆片的最佳干燥参数为干燥温度60℃、微波功率密度28W/g、真空度90kPa、切片厚度6mm,此条件下香蕉脆片酥脆度最佳,孔隙分布均匀一致。该研究探索了真空微波干燥技术下香蕉片的干燥特性和品质,为香蕉片微波真空干燥技术的应用提供了理论指导。     

Ascorbate levels and the activity of key enzymes in ascorbate biosynthesis and recycling in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars

The objective of this study was to determine diversities of ascorbic acid (AsA) and activities of enzymes involved in AsA metabolism, and to determine their relationships to AsA content in the leaves of Chinese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars. Results showed that there were huge differences not only in the contents of AsA and glutathione (GSH) but also in the enzyme activities of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH, EC 1.3.2.3), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the leaves of 22 Chinese persimmon cultivars. Control of AsA levels mainly depended on the capacity for biosynthesis and GLDH activity played a main role in determining AsA levels in the leaves of persimmon. Both MDHAR and DHAR, MDHAR in particular, also played an important role in maintaining AsA redox state by reducing oxidized AsA back to AsA. But contents of GSH and hydrogen peroide (H₂O₂) and activity of APX were not significantly correlated with AsA content in the leaves of persimmon.     

茎芥菜胞质四倍体白菜雄性不育系花药发育的研究

 以茎芥菜胞质雄性不育系与四倍体白菜杂交获得的同源四倍体白菜异源胞质雄性不育系及其保持系为材料,采用形态学和石蜡切片方法研究其花药解剖结构及发育。结果表明：该雄性不育为结构性雄性不育,其退化或畸形雄蕊分为5种类型：盾状雄蕊、条状雄蕊、片状雄蕊、羽状雄蕊和瓣状雄蕊。该雄性不育系花药发育败育有两个时期,盾状雄蕊花药败育于孢原细胞分化期,雄蕊整个发育时期均处在孢原细胞分化期,无绒毡层与花粉母细胞的分化,不形成药室,属孢子体败育型;其它类型雄蕊,花药败育发生在雄蕊原基分化时期,由于雄蕊原基偏离正常的分化轨道,形成瓣状化雄蕊。     

洋葱不同品种和播期对先期抽薹率及产量的影响

对3个洋葱品种的4个播种期进行比较试验,结果表明,洋葱先期抽薹率与品种和播种期密切相关,产量与先期抽薹率呈显著负相关。江苏地区适宜的播期为9月中下旬,9866为较适宜的品种。     

Exogenous application of melatonin improves plant resistance to virus infection

In this study, melatonin (MEL)-mediated plant resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was examined to study local infection in Nicotiana glutinosa and systemic infection in Solanum lycopersicum. Exogenous application of 100 µm MEL increased anti-virus infection activity to 37.4% in virus-infected N. glutinosa plants. The same treatment significantly reduced relative levels of virus RNA analysed by qRT-PCR and virus titres measured by dot-ELISA, and increased the relative expression levels of the PR1 and PR5 genes analysed by qRT-PCR, in virus-infected S. lycopersicum. MEL treatment induced considerable accumulations of salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) but did not significantly affect production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the virus-infected S. lycopersicum plants. Transgenic nahG N. tabacum was used to determine whether MEL-induced TMV resistance was dependent on the SA pathway. The results showed that the relative RNA level of the TMV analysed by qRT-PCR and virus titres analysed by dot-ELISA were not reduced by the MEL treatment in the nahG transgenic N. tabacum seedlings treated twice with 100 µm MEL. The increased relative expression levels of PR1 and PR5 were greatly reduced when cPTIO, an NO scavenger, was included in the MEL treatment. A working model of MEL-mediated plant resistance to TMV is proposed. MEL-mediated plant resistance to viruses provides a new avenue to control plant viral diseases.     

新疆昌吉机采棉化学封顶技术要点及其配套技术

根据化学封顶技术在新疆昌吉机采棉种植中的应用情况,结合机采棉种植技术,总结出机采棉化学封顶技术要点、群体技术指标及其配套技术,为机采棉化学封顶技术应用提供技术指导.     

沈山高速公路大雾天气气候特征及其对交通的影响及防御

利用沈山高速公路沿线8个气象观测站（沈阳、辽中、台安、盘锦、锦州、葫芦岛、兴城、绥中）1981—2012年的大雾实况资料,分析沈山高速公路沿线大雾时空分布特征。结果表明：在时间分布上,2003—2012年,沈山高速公路大雾日数呈上升趋势,年平均为16.4天,比20世纪80年代增加1.8天;辽中、台安、盘锦和沈阳4个站大雾天气主要出现在秋、冬季,而锦州、葫芦岛、兴城、绥中4个站大雾天气主要出现在夏、秋季。大雾日变化明显,有2个生成的高发阶段,一个在早晨3—6时,另一个在夜里21—24时,大雾消散的时间主要在15时之前,消散的峰值在上午9时左右,89%的大雾持续时间不超过10 h,2~4 h左右的雾发生频率最高。在空间分布上,沈山高速沿线西南部沿海雾日多,内陆地区雾日少,有明显的地区差异。在对沈山高速公路沿线大雾天气气候特征分析的基础上,结合2008—2012年沈山高速由于大雾的原因引发的交通事故分析,探讨了大雾对沈山高速公路交通的影响,选取大雾灾害隐患点,找出服务关键期,并有针对性地提出防御建议。     

基于无线测距的农业机器人导航定位方法

针对农业机器人应用中的自主导航问题,提出了一种基于无线测距的导航定位方法。首先,分析了机器人的机械模型和位姿描述;然后,阐述了超宽带测距的原理,并分析了基于超宽带测距的定位模型;最后,设计了基于卡尔曼滤波器的多信标传感器信息融合算法。该方法稳定性高,操作简便,解决了农业机器人在恶劣和未知作业环境中的导航定位问题。     

基于太阳能驱动的遥控移动草坪割草装置的设计

为了解决传统割草机污染严重、噪音大、劳动强度大等问题,设计了一套太阳能驱动遥控移动草坪割草装置.该装置主要由太阳能能源动力系统、控制系统、四轮驱动部分和切割收集部分组成.其主要特征是利用太阳能作为动力源,实现割草装置的正常运行;通过采用无线遥控代替传统的手推式操作方式,并以STC89C52单片机为控制核心部件,利用C语言编制控制程序,实现对草坪修整的远距离运动控制;通过改进传统割草机的切割收集方式,设计切割—收集—体化装置,利用刀片旋转的离心力作用,将割下的草甩到收集箱,提高了工作效率,减轻了劳动强度.