基于检测技术和PLC的窖储白菜自动控制系统

随着农业生产的飞速发展,大规模的窖储白菜已出现在农村的生产中.降低白菜在窖内的损耗率已成为实际农业生产生活的重要问题.由于PLC具有可靠性高、便于扩展等特点,已逐渐代替了传统继电器控制的方式,检测技术和PLC应用于白菜窖储系统可实现该系统的功能要求.为此,介绍了检测技术和PLC在白菜窖储控制系统中的作用与功能的实现.     

家蚕微孢子虫丙酮酸激酶基因的克隆与表达特征分析

丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase,PK)在糖酵解最后一步起着不可逆的作用,可以催化磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸将高能磷酸基团转移给ADP生成ATP和丙酮酸。通过在NCBI和家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)数据库中对丙酮酸激酶基因的比对分析,选择家蚕微孢子虫丙酮酸激酶M2亚型的一个基因(NbPK-2,GenBank登录号EOB11679.1)进行克隆。生物信息学分析显示,该基因序列长度为1 359 bp,包含一个完整的开放阅读框,编码452个氨基酸,预测蛋白质等电点为7.13,相对分子质量为51.7 kD,没有信号肽;NbPK-2蛋白的二级结构预测显示其含有38%的螺旋、21%的延伸片段和40%无规则卷曲。通过qRT-PCR检测感染微孢子虫后家蚕不同发育时期的NbPK-2表达水平,发现该基因在感染后24 h内处于相对较高的表达水平,而此后表达水平开始降低,至144 h达到最低值,在168 h又有所升高。研究结果可促进对家蚕微孢子虫糖酵解途径的研究,为家蚕微粒子病的防控奠定理论基础。     

Studies of a naturally occurring molybdenum-induced copper deficiency in the yak

The clinical signs of a disorder known locally as "shakeback disease" in yaks in the North of the Qing Hai-Tibetan Plateau of China were defined: they included emaciation, unsteady gait, a 'shivering' back and deprived appetites. Coat colour was not affected. The mineral composition of soil and forages, and samples of blood and hair from yaks in affected ranches in this region were compared with those of 20 samples from unaffected areas. The mean concentration of molybdenum (Mo) in soil and forage was 4.85+/-0.21 and 4.96+/-0.25 microg/g (dry matter), respectively; the mean copper (Cu) to Mo ratio in the forage was only 1.34+/-0.36 compared to 8.12+/-1.31 for unaffected areas. The mean concentrations of Cu in blood and hair from the affected yaks were 0.29+/-0.17 and 3.51+/-1.12 microg/g, respectively, compared with 0.85+/-0.24 and 6.42+/-1.21 microg/g, for controls. The highest value for Cu in the blood of affected yaks was 0.58 mug/g and the lowest 0.03 microg/g (the corresponding highest values for unaffected yaks were 1.03 mug/g, the lowest 0.56 microg/g). There was a hypochromic microcytic anaemia and a low level of ceruloplasmin in the blood. The Cu deficiency in yaks was most severe during pregnancy and lactation, but oral administration of copper sulphate prevented and cured the disease. We conclude that "shakeback disease" of yaks in this region is probably caused by a secondary Cu deficiency, mainly due to the high Mo content in soils and forage.     

禽流感(H9亚型)油乳剂灭活疫苗的血凝抑制(HI)抗体动态变化的研究

从市场上随机购得不同厂家各两批次的商品化禽流感(H9)油乳剂灭活疫苗，按瓶签说明免疫禽流感母源抗体为阴性的蛋鸡。当疫苗抗体下降至5log2左右时部分鸡再二免，并做田间试验。结果表明，免疫1周出现血清抗体，并逐日上升，3周达高峰。首次免疫8周后抗体下降至5log2左右，二次免疫15周后抗体下降至5log2左右。这四批疫苗的免疫原性较高，安全可靠，两次免疫保护期可保护至开产后。     

湖北省襄阳市一起犊牛隐孢子虫病的暴发调查

2021年12月23日,湖北省襄阳市某养殖场饲养的犊牛出现白痢、黄痢、血便等腹泻症状并死亡,病牛经抗菌消炎治疗,效果不明显。为查明发病原因和可能的发病风险因素,湖北省联合襄阳市和保康县动物疫病控制部门组建调查组,开展了紧急流行病学调查。调查组综合现场调查和实验室检测结果以及干预措施效果推断：此次疫病暴发由隐孢子虫感染引起;病原由外购牛羊引入的可能性最大,也不排除周边野生动物传入的可能;犊牛感染后因饲养管理水平低下导致抵抗力下降,因天气寒冷等产生应激,造成发病死亡。对发病犊牛进行消炎、隔离保温和补液等对症治疗,同时提升生产管理和生物安全水平,随后疫病得到有效控制。本次调查为中小规模养牛场防治隐孢子虫病提供了参考。     

Disappearance of acetic acid from the bovine reticulorumen at basal and elevated concentrations of acetic acid.

Disappearance of acetic acid was quantified to determine whether removal of this acid from the reticulorumen is altered when ruminal acetic acid concentrations are elevated. Ruminally fistulated beef steers (n = 3 per experiment; BW = 320 +/- 9 kg) were fed eight times daily a 46% corn-based concentrate:54% mixed hay diet to meet maintenance energy requirements (3.5 kg of DM/d). In situ production of acetic acid, determined by pulsed-continuous infusion of [1-14C]acetic acid, was 530 mmol/h (CV = 12%). Disappearance from the reticulorumen (i.e., presumed absorption) was 460 mmol/h (CV = 2%) or 87% (CV = 2%) of ruminal production. Variation is described within an operational steady state. Acetic acid concentrations were increased by continuous infusion of unlabeled acetic acid into the reticulorumen. Ruminal disappearance (mmol/h) increased when this simulated production was elevated up to and exceeding in situ rates reported previously (530 to 2,700 mmol/h). These data suggest that two-thirds to three-fourths of ruminal acetate production disappeared across the reticuloruminal wall when concentration was elevated; the complement exited from the rumen with the liquid phase. The reticulorumen has an additional capacity to remove acetic acid; however, it does so with an apparent reduced efficiency at higher production rates. Liquid out-flow may affect the efficiency of reticuloruminal disappearance. Sites distal to the rumen become quantitatively important when ruminal acetic acid concentrations are increased.     

Aortoseptal angle and pressure gradient reduction following balloon valvuloplasty in dogs with severe subaortic stenosis

Introduction

To determine the relationship between aortoseptal angle (AoSA) and the short- and long-term systolic pressure gradient (PG) reduction following combined cutting and high-pressure balloon valvuloplasty (CB/HPBV) in dogs with severe subaortic stenosis.

畜禽生产中氨的危害及防治措施

畜禽养殖会产生大量的氨(NH3)气。集约化养殖的动物圈舍常常含有较高浓度的氨,它是动物胃肠道和排泄的粪尿中的尿素在微生物脲酶作用下的水解产物。一定浓度的氨不仅会影响动物健康,进而影响动物的生产成绩,而且这些氨最终会排放到大气中,造成一系列的环境污染问题。欧美等国家和地区很早就开始重视氨对环境影响的问题。在欧洲,关于过多NH3沉积的研究早在15￣20年前就已经开始了,主要集中在其对土壤酸化(acidification)和超营养作用(eutrophication)的研究上(Battye等,1994;IKC/RIVM,1995)。美国环保署(Environm entalProtection Agen…     

反思HPAI疫情频发探讨行业应对策略

自2003年12月26日至2005年11月14日,全世界共报告126人感染禽流感病例,其中64人死亡。2004年1月27日,我国首次公布确诊湖北鄂州、广西隆安等地发生高致病性禽流感(HPAI)疫情。2005年5月至11月30日,我国的青海、湖南、安徽、新疆等地又相继发生高致病性禽流感疫情30起,发生的疫情已得到较好的控制,确诊有3例人感染禽流感病例,其中2例死亡。近两年频发的高致病性禽流感疫情给我国家禽养殖业带来了严峻挑战。疫情发生后,家禽生产销售均普遍受阻。汉川广东温氏家禽有限公司是湖北省家禽养殖的龙头企业,年出栏肉鸡1000多万只,60%在湖北省内销售…     

五例母犊胫骨骨折的诊治

骨折通常分为闭合性骨折、开放性骨折及病理性骨折。闭合性骨折又称单纯性骨折,骨折处的皮肤没有损伤,折断的骨头不与皮肤外界相通,从外形上看不出有骨折,但可以看到局部形状的改变;开放性骨折又称复杂性骨折,骨折的局部皮肤破裂,骨折的断端与外界相通,骨折端露在外面,能在皮肤