不同青饲料饲喂泌乳奶牛试验

试验选择年龄、胎次、体重、体况、产奶量相近的奶牛20头，随机分为4组（即对照Ⅳ组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组），每组5头，进行为期40d的饲养试验，其中包括lOd的预试期。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的饲料配方是在对照Ⅳ组的基础上，分别用WL－323紫花苜蓿、普那菊苣和特高黑麦草替代野青草。试验结果表明：几种牧草均能显著提高泌乳奶牛的产奶性能，其中WL－323紫花苜蓿、普那菊苣显著优于特高黑麦草，特高黑麦草显著优于野青草。Ⅰ－Ⅳ组的牛奶饲料成本差异显著，分别为0．83元/kg、0．84元/kg、0．87元/kg、0．93／kg。     

粮食购销改革的问题与对策

粮食购销体制改革被称为“跨世纪难题”。它曲曲折折,走走停停,踟蹰了18年。2003年粮改终于发生了一个飞跃,安徽省等地进行的粮食直补改革试点,实现了粮食购销的市场化。虽然这项改革尚存在有待于解决的问题,但不失为一项利国利民的高明之举。     

基于Open L-System的植物生长模拟研究

为了真实地模拟植物生长发育过程，引入了Open L-System建模理论。在植物形态发生模型的基础上，根据植物生长时其形态特征及环境之间的相互作用，构建了综合考虑植物生长发育与环境影响的虚拟植物模型。     

马尾松水土保持林水文功能计量研究──Ⅱ．水文功能预测及功能计量表研制

对设在湖南、湖北、四川３省共２０个县的现有马尾松水土保持林４５５块样地及３０个径流场进行了调查分析．建立了马尾松水土保持林地年径流量和侵蚀模数的预测模型；应用主成分分析方法和判别分析方法，建立了包括乔木生物色、灌木草本生物量、枯落物生物量、剖面总孔隙度和地表总孔隙度的马尾松水土保持林综合功能等级的评价模型；运用结构决定功能原理，结合林分生长、林分生物量、土壤孔隙度、植被截雨量、年径流量和侵蚀模数的预测模型、编制了马尾松水土保持林优良林分的功能计量表．     

长江中上游马尾松水土保持林生长过程模型研究

将乔木、灌木和草本层次结构合理、郁闭度为0．68左右，蓄水固土功能最优的林分定义为马尾松水土保持林的优良林分，从制表单元、编表样本、模型建立到数表编制，系统地论述了长江中上游马尾松水土保持林优良林分生物量生长过程表的制表过程．为长江中上游水土保持林的经营提供了决策依据．     

马尾松水土保持林水文功能计量研究──Ⅰ．林冠截留与土壤贮水能力

对马尾松水土保持林的截水与持水功能进行了计量研究．结果表明：林冠的截水量与冠层枝叶生物量呈正相关；林分的截雨量和降雨量的关系可用Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ函数较好地拟合；灌木的截水能力与其叶质叶形有关，林分枯落物不仅具有较强的特水能力，还能明显改善土壤结构；土壤的非毛管孔隙度受植被因素的显著影响．并提出了各植被因子的持水模型和土壤孔隙度预测模型．     

影响藏猪与大约克夏猪肌肉品质的lncRNA的筛选及功能分析

旨在分析藏猪和大约克夏猪(180日龄)背最长肌组织中与猪肉质性状相关的长链非编码RNA (lncRNAs)和基因,探讨lncRNAs在猪肉品质中的分子调控作用,为猪肉质性状的改良提供理论依据.本研究根据先前公布的数据,以饲养在相同条件下的180日龄健康藏公猪(n-3)和大约克夏公猪(n-3)为研究对象,收集背最长肌肉品...     

Dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation alleviates intestinal inflammatory injury through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation

The aim of present study was to evaluate whether diets supplemented with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) could alleviate intestinal inflammatory injury in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) piglets and 12 piglets with IUGR were fed a basal diet (NBW-CON and IUCR-CON groups), and another 12 piglets with IUGR were fed the basal diet supplemented with DHA at 80 mg/kg (IUGR-DHA group) from 21 to 49 d of age. At 49 d of age, 8 piglets with similar body weight in each group were sacrificed. The jejunal and ileal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that IUGR impaired intestinal morphology, increased intestinal inflammatory response, raised enterocyte apoptosis and reduced enterocyte proliferation and activated transmembrane toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Dihydroartemisinin inclusion ameliorated intestinal morphology, indicated by increased villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, villus surface area and decreased villus width of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Compared with NBW piglets, IUGR piglets supplemented with DHA exhibited higher apoptosis index and caspase-3 expression, and lower proliferation index and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the intestine (P < 0.05). Dihydroartemisinin supplementation attenuated the intestinal inflammation of piglets with IUGR, indicated by increased concentrations of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (P < 0.05). In addition, DHA supplementation down-regulated the related mRNA expressions of TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulated mRNA expressions of negative regulators of TLR4 and NOD signaling pathway in the intestine of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Piglets in the IUGR-DHA group showed lower protein expressions of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB (pNF-κB) inhibitor α, nuclear pNF-κB, and higher protein expression of cytoplasmic pNF-κB in the intestine than those in the IUGR-CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, DHA supplementation could improve intestinal morphology, regulate enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and alleviate intestinal inflammation through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with IUGR.     

青海省当归茎线虫种类鉴定

采集和分离到青海省大通县、互助县4个当归茎线虫群体,通过形态特征和测量值比较,以贝叶斯法构建ITS-rDNA系统发育树,并用4种内切酶DdeⅠ、HinfⅠ、Tru9Ⅰ(MseⅠ)和SduⅠ 进行ITS-RFLP分析。结果表明,青海省大通县、互助县当归茎线虫群体的形态特征与腐烂茎线虫（Ditylenchus destructor）基本一致,体长略小,雄虫尾长和c(体长/体宽)值略大,雌虫a(体长/尾长)值略大,其他测量值均与腐烂茎线虫模式种一致。通过rDNA-ITS序列系统发育分析,发现青海省大通县、互助县茎线虫群体与腐烂茎线虫群体聚为一支,但不能归为目前已知基因型。rDNA-ITS区段PCR-RFLP结果显示,青海省4个群体与已报道的腐烂茎线虫群体酶切结果不一致,且存在明显差异。经形态与分子生物学特征分析,将这4个线虫群体确定为腐烂茎线虫,表明该线虫已在青海省发生与分布。     

A new approach for tracking seed dispersal of large plants: soaking seeds with 15N-urea

Context

Although various tracking methods have been used in many ecosystems to investigate seed dispersal and seedling recruitment, it is still difficult to measure seed dispersal patterns due to methodological challenges in tracking seed movement away from parent trees and in finding the locations of seedlings.

Aim

Here, we aimed to develop a new approach to track seed dispersal by animals in the field.

Methods

Our approach involves soaking seeds directly into ¹⁵N-urea solutions with different dosages to enrich them isotopically. This new method is expected to create a reliable differentiation between the enriched seeds and natural ones and consequently between the corresponding seedlings.

Results

We showed that acorns of Quercus variabilis and Cyclobalanopsis glauca and seeds of Pinus koraiensis soaked in ¹⁵N-urea solutions were successfully enriched. We did not find that δ ¹⁵N value of seeds was a linear function of ¹⁵N-urea soaking duration. However, with high urea dosage and extending soaking duration, the δ ¹⁵N values in seedlings of Q. variabilis and P. koraiensis were higher than those of normal plants. As expected, ¹⁵N isotope was significantly diluted in the growing seedlings germinated from ¹⁵N-enriched seeds. Using the ¹⁵N-urea soaking method, we successfully located five seedlings of Q. variabilis germinated from the enriched acorns in the field.

Discussion

The ¹⁵N-urea soaking technique is powerful in tracking seed dispersal and seedling recruitment. This new method solves some of the problems inherent in traditional methods for tracking secondary seed dispersal and could further improve the study of seed dispersal ecology.