番鸭呼肠孤病毒和H9亚型禽流感病毒共感染对番鸭法氏囊和抗体产生的影响

为探讨番鸭呼肠孤病毒(MDRV)和H9亚型禽流感病毒(H9 AIV)共感染对番鸭法氏囊免疫应答能力的影响,本研究将MDRV或/和H9 AIV人工感染8日龄番鸭,观察法氏囊病理组织学变化,检测法氏囊B细胞增殖能力及RE-5 AIV疫苗免疫后抗体变化规律.结果显示:H9 AIV感染组番鸭发病率低(10％),无死亡,法氏囊无病理变化,显著抑制番鸭法氏囊细胞增殖反应;MDRV感染番鸭发病率70％,死亡率40％,生长迟缓,法氏囊病理变化为萎缩,淋巴细胞减少,局部出现范围较小的坏死灶,番鸭法氏囊细胞增殖反应下降;共感染组番鸭发病率100％,死亡率80％,番鸭生长迟缓,法氏囊萎缩和淋巴细胞增殖反应下降程度均比单一病毒感染组严重.病毒感染使番鸭对RE-5 AIV疫苗免疫应答能力明显下降,其共感染组抑制抗体应答程度最严重;共感染组的病毒检出时间早于并且检出率大于单一病毒感染组.表明MDRV与H9 AIV共感染在番鸭免疫应答抑制方面有协同作用.     

Expression kinetics of chicken β2-microglobulin and Class I MHC in vitro and in vivo during Marek’s disease viral infections

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly cell-associated herpesvirus that causes a disease in chickens characterized by tumor formation and immunosuppression. The changes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in different MDV-infected cells are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the Class I MHC and β2-microglobulin (β2m) genes in response to MDV infection at different time points by real-time PCR. In both in vitro and in vivo, the expression levels of Class I MHC and β2m genes were upregulated during early MDV infections in comparison to control cells; We also found that the expression of Class I MHC gene was downregulated in BudR (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine)-treated MSB1 cells at 48 h and MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) at 120 and 168 h post infection (hpi); Furthermore, compared to control groups, Class I MHC and β2m expression levels were downregulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLC) from MDV-infected chickens at 14 and 28 days post infection (dpi); Interestingly, both Class I MHC and β2m gene expression levels increased again in PBLC from MDV RB1B-infected chickens at 35 dpi, in which MDV was in the latent or transformed infection stages. In addition, Class I MHC expression was clearly decreased in MDV-infected CEF at 120 hpi although β2m expression was significantly increased. These changes in Class I MHC and β2m gene expression might provide more insights into host-virus interaction.     

鸡黄病毒灭活疫苗的研制及免疫效果研究

鸡黄病毒FQ—C1株经SPF鸡胚连续传40代后,检测其尿囊液毒的ELD50达到1×10^-4.33／0．1mL。将该病毒第40代SPF鸡胚液毒灭活后制备成油乳剂灭活疫苗。SPF雏鸡和蛋鸡安全性试验表明,该疫苗的安全性好,无不良影响。以该疫苗一次单剂量（1mI／只）免疫开产蛋鸡,28d后攻以鸡黄病毒强毒测定疫苗的保护效果,结果显示疫苗免疫组较未免疫组蛋鸡的产蛋率高出75．8％,产蛋保护率达93．2％以上。试验表明,本研究制备的鸡黄病毒灭活疫苗安全性好,且具有良好的免疫原性,免疫后可有效抵抗鸡黄病毒所致的产蛋骤降。     

番鸭细小病毒和鹅细小病毒二联弱毒细胞苗的研究

应用适应于番鸭胚成纤维细胞(MDEFC)上繁殖,并产生细胞病变的鹅细小病毒(GPV)弱毒疫苗株与番鸭细小病毒(MPV)弱毒疫苗,按适当比例混合,试制了MPV-GPV二联弱毒细胞苗,并测定了各项免疫指标.结果显示试制出的二联苗对1日龄雏番鸭具有良好的安全性和遗传稳定性;免疫后5 d和7 d攻击GPV强毒,保护率分别为75%和100%,同时免疫后7 d血清中MPV-胶乳凝集抑制(LPAI)抗体效价均大于21,21～28 d抗体达高峰,有效免疫期超过60 d.疫苗于-20℃保存期大于12个月.上述结果表明,二联弱毒细胞苗安全有效.     

Functional analysis and induction of four novel goose (Anser cygnoides) avian β-defensins in response to salmonella enteritidis infection

In the current study, four novel avian β-defensins (AvBDs) (AvBD2, 5, 9, and 10) were identified in tissues from the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides). The antibacterial activity of the AvBDs showed that all of these AvBDs exhibited antibacterial activity against most of the bacteria investigated (P<0.01). In addition, antibacterial activity of all of the AvBDs against Staphylococcus aureus and Pasteurella multocida decreased significantly or was completely abolished at 150mM NaCl (P<0.01). None of the AvBDs showed hemolytic activity. AvBD2 and AvBD10 were expressed widely, whereas AvBD5 and AvBD9 mRNAs were expressed in a limited number of geese tissues. AvBD9 was significantly induced in some immune tissues from geese after Salmonella enteritidis infection. The others were significantly upregulated in small intestine and some immune tissues of the geese (P<0.01). The present results suggest that the AvBDs are part of the host defense mechanism of the goose.     

苹果渣作为饲料资源的开发与利用

本文主要介绍了苹果渣的营养价值,不同方法调制苹果渣饲料的特点和饲用方法以及苹果渣在畜禽生产上的应用效果。     

以超滤技术浓缩猪细小病毒含毒细胞液的试验

在研制猪细小病毒灭活疫苗时,应用了超滤浓缩技术,提高了合毒细胞培养液中的抗原含量。为了保证浓缩的流量,减少对滤膜的污染,对含毒细胞培养液作了预处理一离心及微滤,以便除去细胞培养液中的细胞碎片、蛋白质等大分子物质及固形微粒。超滤时选用50000Da滤膜,在20psig压力下,经过5倍浓缩的PPV细胞培养液,血凝滴度提高2个滴度以上。病毒含量测定表明,TCID50／0．2mL由107左右升至109以上,以其配制疫苗,能显著地提高疫苗的免疫原性。超滤技术具有易于操作、高效、分离精度高、没有二次污染等优点,可以根据需要选择不同的浓缩浓度,对保证疫苗的质量具有重要作用。     

大蜡螟的生物学研究

在35±1℃,60～85%RH,全黑暗环境中用中蜂旧巢脾饲养的大蜡螟,其卵、幼虫、蛹、雌蛾、雄蛾的历期分别为8.6、49.4±9.4、10.8±1.9、5.5±2.6、9.2±3.3天.雌蛾平均产卵量为725.2 ± 148.3粒(258～1415粒).平均产卵前期为0.6天(0～2天).平均产卵期为4.3±0.8天,但平均有效产卵期只有3.4±0.6天.雌性蛹、蛾的体重比雄性蛹、蛾的极显著重,雌雄蛹重分别为162.1±5.1mg和122.2±1.9mg,雌雄蛾重分别为122.3±1.6mg和74.0±7.5mg.卵多产于0.23～0.27mm缝隙中,单层扁平成片,大小为0.34±0.04×0.34±0.06mm.     

含PRRS病毒ORF5的伪狂犬病病毒TK基因缺失转移载体的构建

提取伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）ＢａｒｔｈａＫ６１株基因组ＤＮＡ,用限制性内切酶ＫｐｎＩ充分消化,回收５．９ｋｂ片段（Ｊ片段）,将其克隆于质粒ｐＵＣ１１９ ＫｐｎＩ位点上,获得ｐＢＫＪ。用两对针对ＰＲＶ ＴＫ基因的特异性引物对重组质粒进行ＰＣＲ鉴定,证明其中含有ＰＲＶ ＴＫ基因。然后用ＫｐｎＩ、ＰｓｔＩ和ＢａｍＨＩ等限制性内切酶对其进行酶切分析,确定了克隆片段的物理图谱。进一步研究证实ＴＫ基因位于其中的     

2018—2020年四川省兽医系统实验室检测能力比对

为评估四川省兽医系统实验室检测能力和水平,2018—2020年四川省动物疫病预防控制中心组织全省21个地市（州）级兽医实验室开展了检测能力比对。结果显示：2018—2020年全省整体平均正确率分别为95.59%、97.09%和97.88%,说明四川省地市（州）级兽医实验室检测能力处于较高水平,能满足非洲猪瘟、禽流感等重大动物疫病检测需要。同时,部分实验室也反映出一些问题,如设备差、检测水平不高、检测报告不规范等。建议加大兽医实验室建设力度,更新完善检测设施设备;加强实验室技术人员培训,提升其检测能力和水平;同时继续推进兽医系统实验室考核工作,加强比对考核。