水仙花的引种栽培与繁育技术

概述了水仙花的品种类型、温室促成栽培和种球繁育技术要点。     

河南浓香型烟叶产区气候条件分析

为揭示河南浓香型烤烟风格特点与气候条件的关系,基于河南烟区64个气象站1981—2010年30 a气候值资料,采用统计分析方法,分析了河南烟区Ⅰ区(许昌、周口、漯河、平顶山、南阳、信阳和驻马店)和Ⅱ区(三门峡和洛阳)浓香型烟叶典型生态区的气候特征及全生育期气象因子的演变规律和匹配变化特征。结果表明:河南烟区Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区,伸根期平均气温增加迅速,降雨量和日照时数变化较为平稳,该时期是冰雹和大风灾害易发阶段;旺长期平均气温增加迅速,降雨量增加,日照时数减少,该时期易遭受高温热害;成熟期平均气温迅速下降,降雨量和日照时数显著减少,该时期易遭受连阴雨灾害。从总体上看,河南烟区光温水的变化规律与浓香型烤烟生长需求匹配协调,且表现出旺长期"雨热同期日照足"与伸根期和成熟期"温高雨少日照足"的气候优势,但也可能出现前期冰雹大风、中后期高温热害和连阴雨灾害的不利气候。     

土地整治PPP模式中政府与社会投资者演化博弈研究

为构建演化博弈模型,分析地方政府与社会投资者在土地整治PPP模式中的演化路径,对南京B街道土地整治项目中地方政府与社会投资者的演化博弈进行研究。结果表明:在社会投资者期望收益r小于机会成本b时,地方政府的扶持可以提高社会投资者参与项目的积极性。随着土地整治PPP模式给地方政府和社会投资者带来的收益不断增加,地方政府的最优策略选择是扶持社会投资者、社会投资者的最优策略是参与PPP模式;在南京B街道土地整治项目中,社会投资者期望收益r大于机会成本b,社会投资者能稳定趋向参与土地整治PPP模式,地方政府对社会投资者的扶持力度受自身收益影响,当地方政府的收益越来越小时,扶持的力度会逐渐下降。为进一步提高提高社会投资者参与土地整治PPP模式的积极性,加快构建土地整治PPP模式市场,提出建立土地整治PPP模式激励机制,建立土地整治PPP模式的反向约束机制2个措施。     

Development of new markers to genotype the functional SNPs of SSIIa, a gene responsible for gelatinization temperature of rice starch

Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important quality predictor that determines the cooking quality of rice. GT is genetically controlled by the starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) gene. Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inside the SSIIa have already been found to be responsible for the variation of GT. One of these, GC/TT SNP at 4329/4330 bp, could be genotyped by four primers in a single PCR ( Bao et al., 2006a), but another one, G/A SNP at 4198 bp, has not been detected by a PCR-based marker. Here, we developed cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) markers to detect these SNPs. A dCAPS marker that the PCR products were cleaved by the BseR I restriction endonuclease was designed to detect GC/TT SNP. Both CAPS and dCAPS markers were designed to detect G/A SNP using the restriction endonuclease Nla III and Tsp45 I, respectively. All the markers developed were co-dominant. It was known that the A allele of G/A SNP was rare among rice germplasm, but it was still in use by rice breeders. 11 rice accessions including landrace and breeding lines with A allele of G/A SNP were detected. The F₂ individuals from two crosses were used to analyze the co-segregation between the SNP alleles and the GT. The segregation ratio of two SNPs did not conform to the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1, but the SNPs were co-segregated with GT. The markers developed in the present study would be useful in molecular breeding for the improvement of the quality of rice grain.     

蒽酮比色法测定大豆乳清废水中总糖含量

本文研究了用蒽酮比色法测定大豆乳清废水中可溶性总糖含量,本法可溶性总糖测定的回收率为98%~105%,标准偏差1.032×10-3,本法灵敏度高,可靠性强,误差小,而且设备简便、迅速、准确。     

引发提高水稻劣变种子发芽率的蛋白质组学分析

引发处理是目前简便有效的提升种子发芽率和整齐度的方法,但引发提高水稻劣变种子发芽能力的机理并不清楚。利用蛋白质组学方法,分析清水引发和藤茶提取物二氢杨梅素引发2种处理方法与对照的差异蛋白,初步揭示引发提升种子发芽能力的机制。分析双向电泳图谱差异获得2倍以上显著差异蛋白点79个,通过MALDI TOF/TOF MS质谱分析鉴定出74个蛋白,其中2种引发处理与未引发对照相比同步上调或下调的共有蛋白,即引发相关蛋白有57个。分析引发相关蛋白可知,绝大多数的逆境防御蛋白类、能量相关蛋白类以及蛋白质合成和目标类蛋白丰度在引发处理中显著增加,推测引发提高种子发芽率的原因与逆境记忆、能量代谢活动和蛋白质合成能力增强等密切相关。     

氮磷钾运筹对不同小麦品种产量和品质的调节效应

为给小麦优质高产栽培提供理论依据,以强筋小麦品种济麦20和中筋小麦品种中麦175为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究了氮磷钾运筹对小麦植株和产量性状、蛋白质和面筋含量、面团品质和烘焙品质的影响。结果表明,单施氮或氮磷、氮钾、氮磷钾配合施用,比单施磷、单施钾、磷钾配施以及不施肥处理显著增产,并改善了植株性状。施肥处理对籽粒蛋白质含量、面团品质和烘焙品质影响显著。籽粒产量性状和不同品质指标对施肥处理的反应有别,如施肥处理对产量、面团形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸面积影响较大,对容重、吸水率影响较小。不同品种的产量及品质指标对施肥处理的反应亦有差别,如中麦175的籽粒产量、面团拉伸阻力、拉伸比值、最大拉伸阻力、最大拉伸比值、面包体积和面包评分对施肥处理的反应敏感,其变异系数大于济麦20,而济麦20的面团形成时间、稳定时间对施肥处理的反应敏感,其变异系数大于中麦175。施氮对改善籽粒产量及主要品质性状的效果优于单施磷或单施钾处理。     

Analysis of bisphenol A and alkylphenols in cereals by automated on-line solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

An on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) following a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and octylphenol (OP) in cereals (including rice, maize, and wheat). The target compounds were extracted by acetonitrile, purified by an automated on-line SPE cartridge, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS under the negative-ion mode. Mean recoveries fortified at three concentration levels ranged from 81.6 to 115.7%, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 4.6 to 19.9% (n = 6). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of the method were 0.5, 0.5, and 0.25 μg/kg for BPA, NP, and OP, respectively, in both rice and maize, while the LOQs in wheat were 0.5, 1.25, and 0.5 μg/kg for BPA, NP, and OP, respectively. This method was applied in the analysis of rice, maize, and wheat from a local market. As a result, NP occurred in all cereal samples at the concentration range of 9.4-1683.6 μg/kg and BPA was detected in a few samples.     

Short-term storage and cryopreservation of Urechis unicinctus (Echiura: Urechidae) sperm

In the present study, attempts were made to preserve Urechis unicinctus sperm at 4°C. Cryopreservation procedures were optimized for various cryoprotectants and freezing rates, equilibration times and dilution ratios. During short‐term storage, the motility of undiluted sperm was extended for 6 days of cold storage,and in 70% and 100% artificial seawater only persisted for 2 and 4 days respectively. The survival rate of undiluted sperm was maintained at a high level accordingly. After cryopreservation, the highest motility and survival rate (41.5±2.2%) were obtained in 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (Me₂SO) using a freezing rate of 30°C min^?1. After thawing the sperm cryopreserved in glycerol lost almost all motility. The motility and survival rate of post‐thawing sperm did not show significant differences after 8 and 15 min equilibration using 15% Me₂SO as cryoprotectant; the values were significantly higher than those of 2 min equilibration. Comparisons of motility and survival rate between treatments pooled by dilution ratio showed that the effect of 1:1 ratio (sperm volume to cryoprotectant volume) was best. There was no difference between 1:3 and 1:5, and other ratioswere significantly worse.