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121.
PCB removal,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community structures during the phytoremediation by alfalfa in field soils 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Chen Tu Ying Teng Yongming Luo Xianghui Sun Shaopo Deng Zhengao Li Wuxing Liu Zhihong Xu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(4):649-656
Purpose
An in situ phytoremediation trial was developed in order to investigate the function of alfalfa during a 2-year bioremediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The study was conducted with the aim to better understand the application potential of PCB phytoremediation at field scale. 相似文献122.
本研究筛选了两种能快速诱导甘草疯长型愈伤组织的培养基MS5和MS7,用微波法提取甘草愈伤组织和野生甘草根中总黄酮。测定结果显示:三年生野生型胀果甘草根中总黄酮的含量约为6.02%,培养3~4周的胀果甘草愈伤组织中总黄酮的含量约为1.1%。结果表明:组织培养生产黄酮在生产效率、工厂化生产、避免季节限制、保护野生甘草资源及实际应用中更具优势。本研究可为从甘草中提取总黄酮提供一条可借鉴的途径。 相似文献
123.
地下水浅埋区重度盐碱地覆膜咸水滴灌水盐动态试验研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过在高垄埋设水银负压计,研究土壤水势动态,并在枸杞不同生育期对潜水位以上各土层盐分进行取样分析,研究土壤盐分周年动态变化,为地下水浅埋区重度盐碱地改良利用提供理论依据。结果表明,在覆膜滴灌一个灌溉周期内,土壤水分运动始终为自滴头下方饱和区持续径向向外扩散;雨季降雨使水分从土壤剖面整体向下运动,随着潜水位的升高水分运动逐渐减弱,转为自垄中部向垄坡方向运动。盐分运动受水分运动影响明显,周年盐分动态可以分为春季强烈蒸发—积盐阶段、灌溉淋洗—稳定阶段、雨季淋溶—脱盐阶段、秋季蒸发—积盐阶段和冬季相对稳定阶段五个阶段。剖面土壤电导率(EC1∶5)均值从1.64 dS m-1增长至1.69 dS m-1,土壤未明显积盐,但盐分在剖面分布的周年变化表明滴灌灌溉调控了水分盐分在土壤中的分布,为作物根系生长提供了良好的土壤环境条件。因此,地下水浅埋区重度盐碱地可以通过高垄覆膜咸水滴灌技术加以利用。 相似文献
124.
125.
Katriina Kyllönen Hannele Hakola Heidi Hellén Markku Korhonen Matti Verta 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(3):1171-1182
Total gaseous mercury (TGM) fluxes from the forest floor and a boreal wetland were measured by a flux chamber technique coupled
with an automatic mercury vapour analyser. The fluxes were measured at three sampling sites in southern Finland, 61°14′ N,
25°04′ E in summer 2007, with additionally in situ TGM concentrations in the air at one of the sites and mercury bulk deposition
at another. Most of the flux data were collected during the daytime. At one of the sites, diurnal flux behaviour was studied,
and a clear cycle with an afternoon maximum and a night minimum was observed. The highest emissions (up to 3.5 ng m−2 h−1) were observed at the forest floor site having a moss and grass cover. At the wetland and litter-rich forest floor sites,
the emissions were below 1 ng m−2 h−1 and sometimes negative (down to −1.0 ng m−2 h−1), indicating mercury uptake. The measured average fluxes in August were 0.9 ± 1.1 and 0.2 ± 0.3 ng m−2 h−1 for the forest floor sites and wetland sites, respectively. The flux data were compared with the mercury bulk deposition,
which proved to be of the same magnitude, but opposite in sign. At the mossy forest floor site, the extrapolated TGM emissions
were 130% of the Hg deposition in August 2007. Comparison with other studies showed that the fluxes in background areas are
relatively uniform, regardless of measurement site location and method used. Airborne TGM remained at the background level
during the study, with an average value of 1.3 ± 0.2 ng m−3; it frequently showed a diurnal cycle pattern. 相似文献
126.
Kai Wang Zhiqiang Zhu Huagang Huang Tingqiang Li Zhenli He Xiaoe Yang Ashok Alva 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(4):556-564
Purpose
Soil contamination by multiple organic and inorganic contaminants is common but its remediation by hyperaccumulator plants is rarely reported. The growth of a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and removal of contaminants from Cd and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) co-contaminated soil were reported in this study. 相似文献127.
Soon-An Ong Li-Ngee Ho Yee-Shian Wong Komalathevi Raman 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(4):1615-1623
Combinations of sequential anaerobic and aerobic process enhance the treatment of textile wastewater. The aim of this study
was to investigate the treatment of diazo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5)-containing wastewater using granular activated carbon
(GAC)–biofilm sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an integration of aerobic and anaerobic process in a single reactor. The GAC–biofilm
SBR system demonstrated higher removal of COD, RB5 and aromatic amines. It was observed that the RB5 removal efficiency improved
as the concentration of co-substrate in the influent increased. The alternative aeration introduced into the bioreactor enhanced
mineralization of aromatic amines. Degradation of RB5 and co-substrate followed second-order kinetic and the constant (k
2) values for COD and RB5 decreased from 0.002 to 0.001 and 0.004 to 0.001 l/mg h, respectively, as the RB5 concentration increased
from 100 to 200 mg/l in the GAC–biofilm SBR system. 相似文献
128.
Chang Hoon Lee Ui Gum Kang Ki Do Park Do Kyoung Lee Pil Joo Kim 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1496-1506
ABSTRACT Long-term fertilization tests evaluated rice (Oryza sativa) productivity in relation to application of nitrogen (N)-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) (120-34.9-66.7 kg ha? 1, respectively) during 1967–1972 and N-P-K (150-43.7-83.3 kg ha? 1, respectively) during 1973–2000. The comparison treatments (NP, PK, and NK) and the control (not fertilized) were selected for calculating nutrient efficiency. Rice grain yield increased at a 17.78 kg ha? 1 yr? 1 in the control, mainly due to development of improved cultivars. Phosphorus management was found to be important for indigenous fertility and rice productivity in this paddy soil. Yield increased significantly with P fertilization. Without N fertilization (PK), rice productivity increased 56.85 kg ha? 1 yr? 1 from 62% of NPK at the initial stage to 74% after passing 34 years, which might be affected by increasing biological N fixation with P accumulation in soil. In NK treatment, rice yield increased at a relatively low rate (37.82 kg hr? 1 yr? 1) from the same rice productivity with that of NPK in 1967 to 91% after 34 years. In comparison, yield increased at a high rate (62.82 kg hr? 1 yr? 1) without K fertilization (NP) from ca. 90% of NPK and might exceed the yield of NPK after 64 years of long-term fertilization. Therefore, K fertilization level might be readjusted after long-term fertilizing in paddy soil. 相似文献
129.
过量空气系数与废气再循环率耦合对汽油机性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为了提高汽油机部分负荷下的燃油经济性,该文通过改变废气再循环率(EGR,exhaust gas recirculation)和过量空气系数,在一台增压进气道喷射汽油机上进行试验,研究了过量空气系数与EGR耦合对发动机部分负荷下燃油经济性和排放的影响。结果表明:随着EGR率和过量空气系数α的增加,燃烧循环变动率变大,燃烧持续期变长,且EGR是影响两者的主要因素;泵气损失显著减少,有效燃油消耗率显著降低,与EGR率=0和过量空气系数α=1条件下相比,EGR率=20%和过量空气系数α=1.1条件下的有效燃油消耗率降低了8.37%;随着EGR率的增加,THC(total hydrocarbon)排放增加,但NOx排放显著降低,高达约80%。因此,将三效催化转化器和EGR技术相结合,燃烧稀混合气,可以在满足欧Ⅴ排放法规的同时,大幅提高汽油机部分负荷下的燃油经济性。 相似文献
130.
苜蓿压捆过程中压缩与恢复应力传递规律 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
探索苜蓿在压捆过程中,由松散状态压缩成草片时在压捆室不同位置的轴向应力变化规律及传递模型。以草片为研究对象,选喂入量为4 kg/次,在草物料压捆试验台上进行了5种截面的压捆试验。每种截面布设2套压力传感装置和3个位移传感器,由基于虚拟仪器的草物料压缩测试系统采集各传感器的信号,记录了每次压缩时草片的压缩与恢复应力和位置、草片的压缩量及回弹量等数据。结果表明苜蓿在不同截面下压缩与恢复应力具有相同的传递规律,但截面尺寸影响草片的最大压缩应力和最小恢复应力的数值且为非线性关系。指出了由松散苜蓿压缩成草片所需要的压缩应力最大,是压捆机设计中的基本参数。揭示了草片最大压缩应力随位移的变化呈指数下降,在压缩室内草片(4~5个草片)的压缩应力较高,在捆草室内草片的压缩应力较低,建议压缩室长度为900~1 000 mm。草片最小恢复应力表现为随位移增加而增加,达到一定位置时随位移的增加而下降。通过回归分析,获得了苜蓿在压捆过程中压缩与恢复应力传递规律和相应的数学模型,其复相关系数均大于0.9091,说明压缩与恢复应力和草片的位置密切相关,模型回归效果较好。试验结果可为草物料压捆机的动力选择和优化设计提供基础数据和理论依据。 相似文献