吴茱萸有效部位的提取纯化及含量测定

目的:对吴茱萸挥发油、吴茱萸总生物碱进行提取纯化,使其纯度达到有效部位的要求。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,采用浓度为70%乙醇对挥发油提取后的药渣提取吴茱萸总生物碱,用中性氧化铝柱层析进行纯化,采用可见-紫外分光光度法测定含量。结果:吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱分别在0.404-4.040μg/m L和0.484-5.808μg/m L范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程分别为A=0.193C+0.0231(r=0.999 9)和A=0.1327C-0.0012(r=0.999 8),平均回收率和RSD分别为100.3%、99.6%和1.80%、1.12%,吴茱萸挥发油、吴茱萸总生物碱含量分别为0.38%和80%以上。结论:该提取纯化方法所得样品纯度高,达到了有效部位要求。     

Micro-computed tomography evaluation and pathological analyses of female rats with collagen-induced arthritis

Imaging techniques have been introduced to assess the efficacy and toxicity of developing pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive characterization of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and to compare the results with data from conventional pathological examination. Arthritis was induced by collagen in 24 female Wistar rats. Micro-CT and pathological analyses were performed to assess arthritis progression. Micro-CT analysis showed marked joint destruction occurring in a time-dependent manner following collagen administration. Bone volume was significantly decreased in the tibia at weeks 3 and 4 compared to week 0 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Additionally, percent bone volume was significantly reduced in the tibia at week 4 compared to week 0 (p < 0.05). In contrast, bone surface/bone volume and trabecular separation were significantly increased in the tibia of the animals at week 4 compared to week 0 (p < 0.05). Severe joint destruction with extensive inflammation, erosion of cartilage and bone, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the knee joints of the collagen-treated rats. Taken together, micro-CT made it possible to quantify CIA lesions and should be performed with pathological examination in rats.     

miRNA在脂代谢中的研究进展

脂肪是人和动物用以贮存能量的主要形式,脂类代谢在机体生命活动中发挥着重要作用,而脂类代谢调控对于畜牧生产以及人类疾病治疗都有重要意义。miRNA(microRNA,译作微RNA或小分子RNA)是近年来在真核生物体内发现的一类长度约22个核苷酸的内源性非编码单链RNA,主要通过与靶基因mRNA靶标区域的互补配对,发挥降解靶mRNA或抑制mRNA翻译的作用。它能参与多种生物学过程包括细胞凋亡、分化和癌变等,近几年其关于脂代谢的重要调节作用也相继被报导。本文主要对调节脂代谢的一些关键miRNA的研究进行综述。     

蒸汽爆破参数对菜籽粕中总硫苷脱毒效果的影响

本试验旨在研究蒸汽爆破参数(水料比、蒸汽压强、维压时间)对菜籽粕中总硫苷脱毒效果的影响,并用体外仿生法对脱毒菜籽粕的营养物质消化率进行评价。试验均采用单因素试验设计,分别筛选出最适的水料比、维压时间与蒸汽压强,每个试验处理设4个水平,每个水平3个重复。结果表明:蒸汽爆破处理对菜籽粕中总硫苷的脱毒效果明显,总硫苷脱毒率达73.71%~86.98%。以总硫苷脱毒率为筛选指标,按单因素试验设计,分别筛选出最适的水料比为25%,最适的维压时间为60 s,最适的蒸汽压强为2.0 MPa。以菜籽粕营养物质消化率筛选指标时发现,与未处理组相比,1.0、1.5 MPa(固定水料比为25%、维压时间为60 s)蒸汽压强对菜籽粕营养物质消化率无显著影响(P0.05),2.0 MPa蒸汽压强时可显著或极显著降低粗蛋白质、赖氨酸、精氨酸的消化率(P0.05或P0.01),提高蒸汽压强可极显著降低总硫苷、异硫氰酸酯的含量(P0.01)。综合考虑总硫苷脱毒率与营养物质消化率指标,当固定水料比为25%、维压时间为60 s时,适宜的蒸汽压强以不大于2.0 MPa为宜。     

Evaluation of ground grain versus pre- and post-pellet whole grain additions to poultry diets via a response surface design

1. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of pre- and post-pellet whole grain wheat additions to diets on growth performance, gizzard and pancreas development, nutrient utilisation and starch and protein (N) digestibility coefficients in broiler chickens via an equilateral triangle response surface design.

2. The three apical treatments of the equilateral triangle comprised (1A) a standard diet containing 600 g/kg ground wheat, (2B) the same diet containing 600 g/kg pre-pellet whole wheat and (3C) the same diet containing 300 g/kg ground wheat and 300 g/kg post-pellet whole wheat. Seven blends of the three apical diets were located within the triangle to complete the design and a total of 360 male Ross 308 chicks were offered the ten experimental diets from 7 to 28 d post-hatch. Model prediction and response surface plots were generated with R 3.0.3 software.

3. The most efficient FCR of 1.466 was observed in birds offered an almost equal mixture of the pre- and post-pellet whole grain apical dietary treatments, which corresponded to 172 g/kg ground grain, 256 g/kg pre-pellet whole grain, 172 g/kg post-pellet whole grain in a diet containing 600 g/kg wheat.

4. The most efficient energy utilisation (ME:GE ratio of 0.766) was observed in birds offered a blend of the ground grain and pre-pellet whole grain apical dietary treatments which corresponded to a mixture of 384 g/kg pre-pellet whole grain and 216 g/kg ground grain.

5. Pre-pellet whole grain feeding generated the most pronounced responses in increased relative gizzard contents, reduced gizzard pH and increased relative pancreas weights. Consideration is given to the likely differences between pre- and post-pellet whole grain feeding.     

深化草业经济体制改革实行草原有偿承包制度

实行草原有偿承包制度,是草业经济体制改革的重要突破。本文在总结草原有偿承包制度产生与发展过程的基础上,阐明草原有偿承包制度的基本内容,阐述了建立草原有偿承包制度之理论、法律、现实和实践根据及其在草地畜牧业经济建设中的重大意义。     

RAPD分析技术在家蚕品种鉴定实践中的应用

对重庆市一生产夏芳X秋白普种的蚕种场所生产的蚕种,按表型分为四类.利用RAPD技术,分别对每个品种基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,得到其指纹图谱,与标准夏芳、秋白、夏芳X秋白进行比较,取得与形态观察一致的结果.说明了RAPD技术在DNA水平上鉴别家蚕种质是可行的.     

论股权分置改革中的分类表决制度

分类表决制度是我国证券市场的一大制度革新。随着我国股权分置改革的全面推进，分类表决制度也发挥着越来越重要的作用，它赋予流通股股东更多自我保护的权益，对股权分置改革起到有力的推动作用；同时，它也存在着不容忽视的局限性。文中通过具体分析，提出一些建议以供参考。     

苜蓿秋眠性研究进展

苜蓿Medicago sativa的秋眠性实质上是在秋季日照变短和温度降低时植株所表现出的一种适应性生长特性,这种生长特性与植物的抗寒性和生产性能相关.早在20世纪20年代,美国就发现了这一现象,但直至20世纪70年代末期,随着秋眠性测定方法的发明和分类标准的制订,才使它在苜蓿生产中发挥着越来越重要的作用,在许多国家秋眠性已成为栽培选择品种时的首要指标.概述了秋眠性的概念及发展史、测定方法、有关生理生化研究进展及其在国内外的应用.