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排序方式: 共有168条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
91.
Tatsuro Ohira Bum-Jin Park Yoshitomo Kurosumi Yoshifumi Miyazaki 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(2):144-148
The emissions of volatile organic compounds from air-dried, conventionally dried, and high-temperaturedried sugi wood were
compared by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Terpenes were clearly the main compound group in the air-dried wood samples,
whereas acetic acid was only detected in the high-temperature-dried wood samples, indicating that considerable changes occurred
in the volatile compound emission profile during hightemperature processing. The most abundant compounds in the air-dried
wood and conventionally dried wood were δ-cadinene, α-muurolene, and β-cadinene (sesquiterpenes) for all specimens, and a-pinene
and D-limonene (monoterpenes) for conventionally dried wood and air-dried wood. In contrast, acetic acid was detected only
in the hightemperature-dried wood. Sensory evaluation of volatile organic compounds was performed by 18 male university students.
Volatile compounds of air-dried wood and conventionally dried wood were assessed as being significantly more soothing than
those from high-temperature-dried wood.
This study was presented in part at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hiroshima, August 2007 相似文献
92.
Tatsuki Yoshinaga Michael J. Miller Kazuki Yokouchi Tsuguo Otake Shingo Kimura Jun Aoyama Shun Watanabe Akira Shinoda Machiko Oya Sachie Miyazaki Kei Zenimoto Ryusuke Sudo Tetsuya Takahashi Hyojin Ahn Ryotaro Manabe Seishi Hagihara Hiroshi Morioka Hikaru Itakura Masamichi Machida Kazuyuki Ban Mayu Shiozaki Bunpei Ai Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(6):983-992
Eggs of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica collected in the western North Pacific were identified by onboard species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA nucleotide sequencing after the cruise. Fish eggs of various species were collected by large plankton net tows at 12 stations along the southern part of the West Mariana Ridge on 19–25 May 2009. A total of 43 fish eggs were distinguished morphologically as possibly being of A. japonica. Thirty-one of those were analyzed by PCR, which included 15 eggs collected at 12°50–55′N, 141°15–20′E (in 5 tows) that showed positive results. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences of eggs determined after the cruise indicated that 31 A. japonica eggs had been collected. The remaining eggs were of mesopelagic eel species (Serrivomeridae and Derichthyidae), or unidentified species. The morphological characteristics of the A. japonica eggs were consistent with those of artificially spawned eggs, except they had a slightly larger diameter. The egg diameter range did not overlap with those of mesopelagic eels of the Serrivomeridae, which often spawn in the same area as A. japonica. These results suggest that egg diameter and embryo shape can be used to morphologically identify naturally spawned A. japonica eggs. 相似文献
93.
Euryhaline tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) can breed either in fresh water (FW) or in seawater, and the developing embryos and larvae withstand direct transfer from FW to SW or vice versa, before the development of osmoregulatory organs. In the study, developmental changes in drinking rate and ion and water permeability were examined after transfer of the embryos from FW to SW. Drinking was measured by accumulation of fluorescent beads in the intestine and also by 14C-dextran accumulation he whole body. The drinking rate increased steadily from 2 to 10 days after hatching, and the larvae in SW consistently imbibed more water than those in FW. The diffusional water permeability remained low during embryonic stages but increased markedly after hatching in both FW and SW; the water permeability was consistently less in SW-adapted embryos and larvae than those in FW. In contrast, the turnover rates of chloride ion in SW were 50 to 100 times greater than those in FW, and increased markedly after hatching. The drinking rate as well as ion and water permeability of the tilapia embryos and larvae in FW and SW were comparable with those reported for stenohaline species. These results clearly indicate that different water and ion regulatory mechanisms are operating in the tilapia embryos and larvae in FW and those in SW to convey their strong euryhalinity. 相似文献
94.
Soil hydraulic conductivity is a crucial parameter in modeling flow process in soils and deciding water management. In this study, by combining the non-similar media concept (NSMC) to the one-parameter model of Brooks and Corey, a new NSMC-based model for estimating unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of various soils was presented. The main inputs are soil bulk density, particle-size distribution, soil water retention characteristic and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil. The results indicated that the NSMC-based model could generally more accurately predict unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of soils, as compared to four one-parameter models and van Genuchten–Mualem model. This study, by introducing NSMC, provided a new way to incorporate soil physical heterogeneity into soil hydraulic simulation, and hence NSMC-based approach is expected to improve efficiency of the existing models in the simulation of soil water flow. 相似文献
95.
Mayumi Kikuta Daigo Makihara Naoya Arita Akira Miyazaki Yoshinori Yamamoto 《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):168-179
ABSTRACT In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of different water management strategies on dry matter production and yield performance of New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties. Dry matter production of NERICA 1 and NERICA 5 was compared with that of Yumenohatamochi, a Japanese upland variety, and Hinohikari, a Japanese lowland variety under three water regimes, i.e. continuously flooded, supplemental irrigation, and non-irrigation (rainfed). Total carbohydrate content in the panicles under different watering regimes was more closely related to post-heading photosynthates than pre-heading reserve assimilates. Dry matter production during ripening tended to decrease under low soil water conditions, whereas the dry matter translocated from the leaf and stem to the panicle tended to increase. Consequently, the distribution ratio of post-heading photosynthates in the total carbohydrate content declined in response to the reduction in available soil moisture. These results indicate that the total carbohydrate content vary depending on the soil water conditions. In NERICAs, dry matter production during ripening was lower than that in Japanese varieties, indicating that their dependence on pre-heading reserve assimilates was greater. In particular, post-heading photosynthate content of NERICA 1 was strongly affected by the variation in water management in comparison with that of other varieties. The decrease in crop growth rate during ripening in NERICA 1 can be mainly attributed to the lower post-heading photosynthate content. Thus, the ability of NERICA 1 to assimilate carbon after heading was considered to be potentially low, which has to be improved to achieve higher yield. 相似文献
96.
H. Yamada T. Okumura Y. Miyazaki S. Amano 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):1069-1073
SummaryThe intensity of watercore in ‘Orin’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from the outer canopy increased from early-July to mid-August, followed by a decrease through late-October, while no watercore was detected in inner canopy fruit during the same period. Seasonal changes in sorbitol content in each cellular compartment paralleled the development of watercore. Significantly higher sorbitol, fructose and glucose contents in the vacuoles of cells in outer canopy fruit than in inner canopy fruit suggest that active metabolism and uptake of sorbitol might occur in watercored apples in mid-August. The permeability of sorbitol across the tonoplast was significantly higher in outer than in inner canopy fruit after mid-August, whereas no difference was observed between bearing position for the other sugars or for the plasma membrane. These data suggest that elevated sorbitol levels in the intercellular spaces might result from active apoplastic unloading and not from an inhibition of metabolism and/or an increase in leakage from cells. 相似文献
97.
Size-dependent development of the hydrogen bond network structure in large sized clusters of protonated water, H+(H2O)n (n = 4 to 27), was probed by infrared spectroscopy of OH stretches. Spectral changes with cluster size demonstrate that the chain structures at small sizes (n less, similar 10) develop into two-dimensional net structures (approximately 10 < n < 21), and then into nanometer-scaled cages (n >/= 21). 相似文献
98.
99.
Zrelli H Matsuoka M Kitazaki S Araki M Kusunoki M Zarrouk M Miyazaki H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4473-4482
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic compound in olive oil and leaves, has been reported to prevent various human pathologies including cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effects of HT on proliferation and protection against oxidative stress-induced damage in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and the molecular mechanism(s) involved. Treatment of VECs with HT increased cell proliferation, promoted wound repair, and protected cells against H(2)O(2) cytotoxicity through the activation of Akt and ERK1/2, but not p38 MAPK. HT increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 expression was attenuated by LY294002 and U0126, inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and MEK1/2, respectively. Nrf2 siRNA decreased both proliferative and cytoprotective effects of HT and abrogated HO-1 induction. Moreover, HO-1 inhibition with HO-1 siRNA or zinc protoporphyrin IX significantly prevented HT-induced cell proliferation, cytoprotection, and reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that HO-1 is involved in these HT functions. The findings demonstrate that HT positively regulates the antioxidant defense system in VECs through the activation of Nrf2 followed by cell proliferation and resistance to vascular injury. The present study provides a molecular basis for the contribution of HT in the Mediterranean diet to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献
100.
Nakamura I Obi T Sakemi Y Nakayama A Miyazaki K Ogura G Tamaki M Oka T Takase K Miyamoto A Kawamoto Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(8):1067-1070
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in 128 Escherichia coli isolates was investigated in two species of invasive alien mammals (IAMs): the small Asian mongoose (SAM) and Japanese weasel (JW). The SAM is found on the main island of Okinawa, Japan, where a large number of livestock is available, and the JW is present on a small island, where is isolated from the main island, and have a small number of livestock. We focused on the two IAMs, inhabiting under the different environments, and compared their prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli. In the comparison of the frequencies of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates between the SAM and JW, JW showed significantly higher prevalence of resistance against three drugs, ampicillin, chlortetracycline and nalidixic acid, compared with SAM's test results (P<0.05). The bla(TEM) gene and the aph1 gene were detected in 35 subjects (91%) of ampicillin-resistant isolates and 6 subjects (100%) of kanamycin-resistant isolates, respectively. The tet (A) gene was detected in 62 subjects (46%) of CTC-resistant isolates, and the tet (B) gene was detected in 25 subjects (8%) of those in IAM. The present results suggest that some IAMs were the carrier of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their genes, and the frequencies of these resistances were different between two IAM species. 相似文献