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21.
RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified region of chloroplast DNA in eggplant and related Solanum species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified 3.2-kbp region of cpDNA bounded by the conserved sequences in rbc L and ORF 106 was performed
in eggplant (Solanum melongena), its related Solanum species, S. incanum, S. virginianum (= S. surattense), S. torvum, S.
aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum), S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei)
and S. mammosum and the reciprocal hybrids between S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) and S. melongena 'Uttara'. The target
region of cpDNA was amplified correctly by PCR. The amplified products were digested with each of 10 restriction enzymes (Alu
I, Ase I, BamH I, Hinf I, Msp I, Rsa I, ScrF I, Sty I, Taq I and Xba I). Variations of restriction patterns among the species
were recognized after digesting the amplified products with each of the seven restriction enzymes, Taq I, Alu I, Rsa I, Sty
I, Ase I, Hinf I and Xba I. The restriction patterns divided the examined nine species into the following five clusters, 1)
S. melongena and S. incanum, 2) S. virginianum (= S. surattense), 3) S. torvum, 4) S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum
(= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum) and S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and 5) S. mammosum. The restriction
pattern with Alu I in each of the reciprocal hybrids between S. melongena 'Uttara' and S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium)
was identical with that of seed parent. The present study demonstrated the availability of the PCR-RFLP analysis of cpDNA
for assessing taxonomic relationships and identifying cytoplasmic parentage of interspecific hybrids in eggplant and related
Solanum species.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
22.
Akira Miyazaki Akiko Ikeda Junichi Yonemaru Satoshi Morita Yoshinori Yamamoto 《Plant Production Science》2018,21(3):225-232
The occurrence of chalky kernels in rice is causally related to kernel size and endosperm morphology. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of chalky kernels by analyzing kernel size, and the number and area of endosperm cells. Spikelets were sampled from upper and middle primary branches and lower secondary branches in a panicle, and divided into four categories: upper, middle, and lower perfect (PF) kernels and lower milky-white (MW) kernels. On the lower secondary branches, there was a higher percentage of chalky kernels, with smaller kernel lengths, widths and thicknesses, than the kernels on the upper and middle primary branches. MW kernels were smaller in size than PF kernels even on the same lower secondary branches. Regardless of grain appearance quality traits, the total areas of endosperm cross sections in lower kernels were significantly smaller than in upper kernels owing to the decreased cell area, and there was a significant negative correlation between the number of cells and average cell area. When the numbers and the areas of cells were analyzed using angular 30° intervals from the line connecting the center point and the dorsal vascular bundle, the MW kernels had significantly less cells than PF kernels near the ventral side at 120–180°. Thus, the decrease in the number of cells near the ventral side was a main causal factor in the decrease in MW kernel widths compared with PF kernel widths, and this suggested that cell division in MW kernels was inhibited at the early grain-filling stage. 相似文献
23.
Nozomu Iwabuchi Ai Endo Norikazu Kameyama Masaya Satoh Akio Miyazaki Hiroaki Koinuma Yugo Kitazawa Kensaku Maejima Yasuyuki Yamaji Kenro Oshima Shigetou Namba 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(2):160-164
“Elaeocarpus yellows” (ELY) is a widely reported phytoplasma disease of Elaeocarpus zollingeri trees in Japan. The phytoplasma associated with ELY (ELY phytoplasma) had not been identified at the species level because its 16S rRNA sequence had yet to be reported. Here, we report the results of a sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA and secA gene sequences, which showed that the ELY phytoplasma is related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma malaysianum’. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the occurrence of ‘Ca. P. malaysianum’ outside Malaysia and the infection of E. zollingeri by the phytoplasma. 相似文献
24.
25.
Masaru Fujinoki Tomoko Koito Suguru Nemoto Mitsugu Kitada Yoko Yamaguchi Susumu Hyodo Hideki Numanami Nobuyuki Miyazaki Koji Inoue 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(1):139-146
Various invertebrates inhabiting hydrothermal vents harbor thiotrophic endosymbionts that provide the host with nutrients
and are possibly involved in the detoxification of harmful sulfides. In this study, we first determined the partial 16S rRNA
gene sequence of the thiotrophic symbiont of the deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus septemdierum, a dominant species at hydrothermal vents in the Izu–Ogasawara (Bonin) area. We then designed a new probe, Bsob692, for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using regions completely conserved among thiotrophic symbionts of all
bathymodiolin mussels and established the protocol for FISH to compare the distribution and amount of the symbiont using an
image analysis program that is commercially available. We compared fluorescent intensity in the gill of the mussels collected
at different sites and found a higher intensity in specimens collected from a site with higher sulfide concentration. We also
compared mussels reared in the presence and absence of sulfide and found that the former had a higher fluorescent intensity. 相似文献
26.
It is empirically known that wood can cause a comfort enhancement effect in humans. On the other hand, not enough scientific knowledge based on evidence-based research is available on this subject. However, data using physiological indices have increasingly accumulated in recent years. This review provides an overview of the current situation for peer-reviewed reports related to the physiological effects of wood. We reviewed reports that elucidated the effects of wood-derived stimulations on the olfactory, visual, auditory, and tactile sensations using physiological indices such as brain activity (e.g., near-infrared spectroscopy) and autonomic nervous activity (e.g., heart rate variability and blood pressure). It became clear that many studies were limited by (1) a small number of participants, mostly aged in their 20s; (2) use of only a single stimulus (e.g., only olfactory or only visual), or (3) an incomplete experimental design. In addition, this review examined the field of forest therapy, for which there is abundant research. Further study is needed to elucidate the physiological effects of wood on humans. 相似文献
27.
Osamu Mikami Hiroyuki Yamaguchi Hideo Murata Yasuyuki Nakajima Shigeru Miyazaki 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2010,11(2):107-113
Six 1-month-old piglets were intravenously injected with deoxynivalenol (DON) at the concentration of 1 mg/kg body weight, with three pigs each necropsied at 6 and 24 h post-injection (PI) for investigation of hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity with special attention to apoptotic changes and cytokine mRNA expression. Histopathological examination of the DON-injected pigs revealed systemic apoptosis of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues and hepatocytes. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and hepatocytes was confirmed by the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method and immunohistochemical staining against single-stranded DNA and cleaved caspase-3. The number of TUNEL-positive cells in the thymus and Peyer''s patches of the ileum was increased at 24 h PI compared to 6 h PI, but the peak was at 6 h PI in the liver. The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the spleen, thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and elevated expression of IL-1β mRNA at 6 h PI and a decrease of IL-18 mRNA at 24 h PI were observed in the spleen. IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expressions increased significantly at 6 h PI in the thymus, but TNF-α decreased at 6 h PI in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These results show the apoptosis of hepatocytes suggesting the hepatotoxic potential of DON, in addition to an immunotoxic effect on the modulation of proinflammatory cytokine genes in lymphoid organs with extensive apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by acute exposure to DON in pigs. 相似文献
28.
SummaryEndogenous ethylene production in intact ripening fruits of mume (Prunus mume Sieb, et Zucc.) proceeded according to the usual pathway in ethylene biosynthesis (methionine → S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) → 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) → ethylene). When discs prepared from immature mume fruits were treated with ethylene at 0.1 μl l?1 or higher for 12 h at 20°C, the rate of ethylene production declined markedly. The inhibition of the ACC synthase activity by exogenous ethylene was accompanied by a decrease in ACC content. There was no significant difference in SAM content between ethylene-treated and the untreated discs. 相似文献
29.
Youli Yao Yoshinori Yamamoto Tetsushi Yoshida Youji Nitta Akira Miyazaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):631-641
The presence of large panicles enables to reach a sufficient number of surviving spikelets per unit area for further increase of rice yield. However, the response of differentiated and degenerated spikelets to environmental factors in terms of number in cultivars with large panicles has not been elucidated. By applying top-dressing at different rates and frequencies, shading, and day/night temperature treatments in pot experiments, we observed the response of the main stem in two cultivars with large panicles: Yangdao 4 (Chinese indica) and Akenohoshi (Japanese japonica-indica hybrid). The results showed that top-dressing increased the number of differentiated spikelets per panicle and decreased the percentage of degenerated spikelets. Consequently, the number of surviving spikelets per panicle increased. Shading increased the percentage of degenerated spikelets, resulting in the decrease of the number of surviving spikelets per panicle. Higher day/night temperature treatments led to a higher percentage of degenerated spikelets. The treatments affected mainly the spikelets on the secondary branches, while the number of spikelets on the primary branches did not change appreciably, irrespective of the presence of differentiated, degenerated, and surviving spikelets. The influence on the number of surviving spikelets per panicle depended on the number of differentiated spikelets. Shading effect on the percentage of degenerated spikelets also depended on the number of differentiated spikelets per panicle. The decrease of the percentage of degenerated spikelets was associated with the increase of the shoot dry weight (SDW) at heading and the ratio of SDW-differentiated spikelets. The SDW and N absorption at heading affected more significantly the number of surviving spikelets compared to the ratio of surviving spikelets-SDW and surviving spikelets-N, respectively. The above results were similar in Akenohoshi and Yangdao 4. In Akenohoshi, the percentage of degenerated spikelets responded much more conspicuously to the change of SDW or the ratio of SDW -differentiated spikelets than that in Yangdao 4. So did the number of surviving spikelets to SDW and N absorption at heading. Akenohoshi showed a higher ratio of surviving spikelets-N than Yangdao 4. These differences may account for the fact that Akenohoshi showed a larger number of surviving spikelets per panicle than Yangdao 4, even at the same levels of SDW and N absorption. 相似文献
30.
The causes of soil alkalinization in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China were mainly analyzed from two aspects, natural and
anthropogenic. Natural factors of alkalinization are parent materials, topographic positions, freeze-thaw action, wind conveyance,
water properties and semi-arid/sub-humid climate. Some of them were always being neglected, such as freeze-thaw action and
wind conveyance. Anthropogenic causes are mainly population pressure, overgrazing and improper agricultural and economic policies.
In recent decades, overgrazing played a main role in secondary soil alkalinization, which led to the decline of Leymus chinensis grasslands. Now, the alkalinization is very severe, and more than 3.2 × 106 ha area has been affected by salt, which becomes one of the three largest sodic–saline areas in the world. 相似文献