凡纳滨对虾6个养殖群体遗传多样性的比较分析

中国多批次引进凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei并结合生产开展了相对独立的育苗工作,但对引进群体及引进后留种形成的本地群体的遗传变异水平缺乏了解,不利于种质管理及利用。此研究采用AFLP技术对抽查的6个养殖群体进行分析,发现进口群体具有相对较高的遗传多样性水平;养殖性能较好的东方、海星和旭明群体遗传多样性水平与进口群体相近;而乾塘群体遗传变异水平最高,推测可能是与其种质混杂有关;广益群体遗传多样性水平最低,可能已出现近交衰退。通过对各个群体间的遗传距离进行分析,为下一步根据亲缘关系的远近开展群体问杂交育种提供技术依据。     

基于多源信息融合的中文农作物病虫害命名实体识别

随着农作物病虫害研究文献的快速增长,对农作物病虫害领域文献进行文本挖掘变得越来越重要.开发有效、准确的农作物病虫害命名实体识别系统有助于在农作物病虫害相关研究报告中提取研究成果,为农作物病虫害的治理提供有效建议.本文针对中文农作物病虫害数据集缺失问题,提出了基于半远程监督的停等算法,利用该算法构建中文农作物病虫害领域语...     

Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金的原子成键和力学性能

运用固体经验电子理论(EET),对掺微量Sc和Zr的Al-Mg合金的价电子结构进行计算.结果表明:在合金熔体凝固过程中,Zr,Sc与Al原子存在强烈的相互作用,首先生成初生的Al3Sc和Al3(ZrxSc1-x)粒子作为合金的非均质晶核,起细化晶粒作用;在合金凝固的过程中,由Zr,Sc与基体Al原子的强烈相互作用,易形成Al-Zr,Al-Sc,Al-Zr-Sc偏聚区.在后续的均匀化热处理过程中,容易从这些偏聚区析出细小的与基体共格的次生Al3Sc和Al3(ZrxSc1-x)粒子.由于这些析出的细小粒子与基体共格,并存在强的Al-Zr,Al-Sc共价键,提升了合金整体的共价键强度,阻碍位错的运动,使合金的硬度和强度都得到提高,合金的热稳定性更好.

Abstract：

Valence electron structure of an Al-Mg alloy with minor Sc and Zr was calculated according to the empirical electron theory (EET) in solid. The results showed that because of the strong interaction of Al atom with Zr and Sc atoms in melting during solidification, the Al3Sc and Al3 (Sc1-xZrx) particles which act as heterogeneous nuclear were firstly crystallized in the alloy to make its grains refiner. In the process of solidification, the Al-Zr, Al-Sc and Al-Zr-Sc segregation regions were formed in the solid solution matrix of the Al-Mg alloy owing to the strong interaction of Al atom with Zr and Sc atoms in bulk of alloy, so in the subsequent homogenization heat treatment, the finer dispersed Al3Zr, Al3 Sc and Al3 (Sc1-xZrx) second-particles coherent with the matrix were precipitated in the segregation region. These finer second-particles with the strong Al-Zr and Al-Sc covalent bonds can strengthen the covalent bonds in the matrix of the alloy, enhance the hardness and strength of the Al-Mg alloy, effectively hinder the interface of grains from migrating and restrain the grains from growing, consequently causing better thermal stability of the Al-Mg alloy.     

鸡肉中呋喃它酮代谢物(AMOZ)残留检测方法-酶联免疫吸附试验

为监测上市鸡肉中兽药残留情况,确定养殖户在养殖过程中对禁用药的控制是否符合国家检测标准,应用间接竞争性酶联免疫方法 对合同养殖户随机抽取的15批待上市鸡肉中呋喃它酮代谢物含量进行了检测.取待测鸡腿部肌肉经过16 h衍生化及前处理后,取处理后样本加入酶标板.用酶标仪以双波长450/630 nm下读取吸光度值,得出样本中呋喃它酮的残留量.经测定,所测15个样本中呋喃它酮含量水平均未超出国家质量监督检验检疫总局0.5 μg/kg最这个最低检测限,符合国家动物源性食品中兽药残留标准,允许上市和出口.     

青藏高原东缘中国沙棘的克隆多样性及克隆结构

应用随机扩增多态性DNA标记(RAPD markers)对青藏高原东缘中国沙棘的克隆结构、克隆多样性进行了初步的探讨。结果表明,1) 14条RAPD引物在8个中国沙棘居群共184个样本中平均形成55.75种条带,平均有15.13种条带在居群内表现出多态性,平均多态条带百分率为27.64%;鉴别出26种基因型,平均每基株形成3.4个分株;2)与应用DNA分子标记研究的其他克隆繁殖能力较强的植物相比,中国沙棘的克隆多样性水平偏低,Simpson’s多样性指数(D)平均值为0.85;Fager’s均匀度指数(E)平均值为0.87;3)克隆结构分析表明,中国沙棘每克隆内分株间的平均距离为1.75 m,克隆繁殖的生长型主要为游击型,并且在居群内存在以某一优势基株为主的克隆分布方式;4) 居群的定居时间、生境及群落结构等对中国沙棘的克隆多样性有一定影响。     

杂色鲍的血细胞

通过光镜、电镜技术,比较了正常状态和受到细菌刺激后杂色鲍血细胞的变化.结果显示,正常状态下的杂色鲍血细胞分为三种类型:颗粒细胞、透明细胞和小细胞;杂色鲍血细胞具有很强的免疫功能,对外界刺激敏感;受到细菌刺激后杂色鲍的血细胞在结构和形态上均发生显著的变化.并推测,颗粒细胞的颗粒中含有大量的水解酶类和抗菌肽等免疫因子,发挥主要的免疫作用.     

杂色鲍与九孔鲍种质资源研究进展

杂色鲍和九孔鲍是我国南方鲍养殖业的主要对象,九孔鲍与杂色鲍的分类关系,学术界一直存在着不同看法。文章综述了我国杂色鲍和九孔鲍在形态学、染色体核型、生化遗传学及分子遗传学方面种质研究的主要进展,得出二者间差异属于种群差异,台湾的九孔鲍和大陆的杂色鲍的种质差异达不到亚种水平的结论。提出了自己的观点,并提出了合理引种及保护原种的建议。     

水稻密码子优化的cry1Ca 基因在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化及抗体制备

将水稻偏好密码子优化并人工合成抗虫基因cry1Ca通过限制性内切酶酶切的方法构建原核表达载体pET-28bca,成功表达了带6个组氨酸标签的His-cry1ca融合蛋白,其表达量约占菌体总蛋白的24%,表达的融合蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在.对包涵体蛋白进行可溶性处理,亲和纯化出带6个组氨酸标签的融合蛋白,将其作为抗原免...     

Relationship of p21WAF1 gene polymorphisms with protein expression in breast carcinomas

AIM: To investigate the relationship between p21^WAF1gene polymorphisms and protein expression in breast carcinoma. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphisms technique (PCR-SSCP) and immunohistochemical assay of S-P immunostaining technique were used to study polymorphisms of p21^WAF1 and protein expression respectively on the specimen of paraffin-embedded tissues in 100 cases of breast carcinomas and 40 benign breast diseases as control. RESULTS: Two p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms were found in 18% (18/100) of breast carcinomas and 5% (2/40) of control samples. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=3.94, P＜0.05). The positive immunohistochemical reaction of p21^WAF1 protein were found in 50% (50/100) of breast carcinomas and 12.5% (5/40) of control samples. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=16.84, P＜0.01). The positive immunohistochemical reaction of p21^WAF1 protein were found in 100% (18/18) of breast carcinomas with p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms and 39% (32/82) of no p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (χ²=21.95, P＜0.01). The p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms were correlated with the protein expression in breast carcinomas (r=0.576, P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms may create the different copies of mRNA and may make relevant protein molecules.     

我国常见食物及其成分的抗过敏作用研究

用透明质酸酶体外抑制实验测定７１种食物和２８种食物成分的抗过敏能力。发现菠萝,苹果,鱼腥草,洋葱、苋菜,芹菜,姜,蒜,红枣,黄豆,葱,红茶,绿茶,甜茶等具有强抗过敏能力。果胶,缩合单宁等食物成分具有强抗过敏能力。