一起饲料未落实留样观察制度案的查处

2019年7月,A市农业综合执法支队执法人员在执法检查中发现,×宠物饲料有限公司涉嫌未落实留样观察制度而从事饲料生产。经立案调查,认定当事人违法事实存在,证据确凿。根据《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》规定,依法给予了行政处罚。本文重点介绍了案件的发生、查处经过、法律适用及处理情况等执法内容,讨论了饲料留样目的和意义、调查取证注意事项、违法物品的处理以及责令改正的正确适用等问题,指出了办理此类案件时的取证依据、处罚前置条件,以期为行政执法人员办理同类案件提供参考。     

脂肪酸调控奶牛乳腺microRNAs研究进展

脂类是一种可以为动物体储存和提供能量的物质,大量研究证实,日粮中脂类的改变可以改变microRNAs（miRNAs）的表达从而影响机体生命活动。本综述主要概括了脂肪酸对奶牛乳腺miRNAs的调控作用,从奶牛乳腺miRNAs表达特征、调控乳脂合成的miRNAs及外源添加脂肪酸对乳腺miRNAs的调控三个方面进行概述,旨在从转录后调控角度,建立营养物质与乳腺功能的联系,为未来相关研究提供参考。     

Protective influence of rosiglitazone against time‐dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa preserved at 17°C

Spermatozoa are highly specialized cells, and energy metabolism plays an important role in modulating sperm viability and function. Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class that regulates metabolic flexibility and glucose uptake in various cell types, but its effects on boar sperm metabolism are unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of rosiglitazone against time‐dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa during liquid preservation at 17°C. Freshly ejaculated semen was diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) containing different concentrations of rosiglitazone, and the motility, membrane and acrosome integrity of sperm were detected. Besides, we measured glucose uptake capacity, l ‐lactate production level, mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production of sperm after boar semen had been incubated with or without rosiglitazone, iodoacetate (glycolysis inhibitor) and rotenone (electron transport chain inhibitor) for 5 days. The addition of rosiglitazone significantly enhanced sperm quality and had a strong protective effect on the sperm membrane and acrosome integrity during storage. BTS containing 50 μM rosiglitazone maintained the total motility of liquid‐preserved sperm above 60% for 7 days. Rosiglitazone improved sperm quality by regulating energy metabolism manner of preserved sperm, protected the sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced sperm ATP production and in the meanwhile reduced mROS through enhancing glycolysis but not oxidative phosphorylation. The data suggested the practical feasibility of using rosiglitazone for improving boar spermatozoa quality during semen preservation.     

米曲霉生产乳糖酶发酵条件的研究

为确定产乳糖酶的米曲霉菌株的最佳发酵培养条件,研究了米曲霉产乳糖酶的发酵培养基成分及培养条件。结果表明,米曲霉产乳糖酶的最佳培养基成分为：乳糖1．1％,蛋白胨0．5％,KH2PO4 2％,麸皮粉1．5％,桔皮粉1％;最佳培养条件：接种量10％,温度30℃,初始pH5．5,装液量50mL／250mL,摇床转数180r／min,培养时间4d。在此条件下培养,乳糖酶活力达2348 U／L。是初始发酵条件下酶活力的15．6倍。     

应用PCR-RFLP及PCR-SSCP技术检测猪RN基因的研究

RN(Rendement Napole)基因是影响猪肉肉质性状的一个主效基因，已被定位在猪的15号染色体上(15q25)，该基因在猪肉品质上存在严重的负面效应。应用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)和单链构象多态性(SSCP)分析技术快速检测猪RN基因，根据RN向200Q突变的原理设计引物，PCR扩增后得到一段长约577bp的片段，两种方法得到相同的结果。     

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of marbofloxacin against Pasteurella multocida in a tissue‐cage model in yellow cattle

The fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug marbofloxacin was administered to yellow cattle intravenously and intramuscularly at a dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight in a two‐period crossover study. The pharmacokinetic properties of marbofloxacin in serum, inflamed tissue‐cage fluid (exudate), and noninflamed tissue‐cage fluid (transudate) were studied by using a tissue‐cage model. The in vitro and ex vivo activities of marbofloxacin in serum, exudate, and transudate against a pathogenic strain of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) were determined. Integration of in vivo pharmacokinetic data with the in vitro MIC provided mean values for the area under the curve (AUC)/MIC for serum, exudate, and transudate of 155.75, 153.00, and 138.88, respectively, after intravenous dosing and 160.50, 151.00, and 137.63, respectively, after intramuscular dosing. After intramuscular dosing, the maximum concentration/MIC ratios for serum, exudate, and transudate were 21.13, 9.13, and 8.38, respectively. The ex vivo growth inhibition data after intramuscular dosing were fitted to the inhibitory sigmoid E_max equation to provide the values of AUC/MIC required to produce bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity, and elimination of bacteria. The respective values for serum were 17.25, 31.29, and 109.62, and slightly lower values were obtained for transudate and exudate. It is proposed that these findings might be used with MIC₅₀ or MIC₉₀ data to provide a rational approach to the design of dosage schedules which optimize efficacy in respect of bacteriological as well as clinical cures.     

鸭DCN基因编码区扩增、序列分析及其在大肠杆菌中的表达、蛋白纯化

采用RT-PCR方法从鸭腿肌总RNA中扩增了鸭核心蛋白聚糖基因编码区序列,进行序列分析,并将编码鸭核心蛋白聚糖成熟蛋白的核酸片段连入原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,加入IPTG诱导其表达后,亲和层析纯化表达的蛋白。采用SDS-PAGE检测,用质谱方法对表达的蛋白进行鉴定。研究成功克隆出鸭核心蛋白聚糖基因编码区序列,序列分析表明,鸭DCN编码区序列由1074个碱基组成,编码357个氨基酸,其中信号肽有16个氨基酸。将鸭DCN蛋白划分为9个结构域(LRR1-9),结合人DCN序列进行序列分析推测结构域中LRR4、5与TGF-β可能存在一定关系。SDS-PAGE检测和质谱鉴定结果表明获得了分子量为54.7ku的鸭DCN融合蛋白。     

草坪草种子活力的低温保存试验

用－３０℃、－１０℃、５℃和室内２０～２８℃（对照）对草地早熟禾、紫羊茅、高羊茅、剪股颖四种草坪草种子保存２００ｄ后分析得出,各草坪草种子要求冷藏温度不一样,恰当的低温保存可以保持原种子活力。草地早熟禾和剪股颖种子在－３０℃～－１０℃保存为好,紫羊茅以－３０℃为佳,而高羊茅在２００ｄ内无需冷藏。     

金黄色葡萄球菌处理对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞外泌体表征的影响

【目的】本研究旨在从金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus,以下简称金葡菌)处理奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(bovine mammary epithelial cell,BMEC)上清中分离外泌体,探究金葡菌与BMEC数量比值(MOI)和处理后培养时间对外泌体总浓度的影响,并对金葡菌诱导BMEC释放的外泌体进行分离和鉴定。【方法】采用金葡菌临床分离菌株以MOI＝1和MOI＝10分别处理BMEC 3 h,对已处理的BMEC继续无外泌体培养9、12、24 h,同时设空白对照组,通过扫描电镜观察金葡菌处理对BMEC造成的超微结构损伤。采用超速离心法分离金葡菌诱导的BMEC上清液中的外泌体,分别用透射电镜、纳米颗粒追踪分析技术及Western blotting法对外泌体形态、颗粒大小和特异性标志蛋白进行分析鉴定。通过检测外泌体总蛋白浓度评估不同MOI和处理后培养时间对外泌体总量的影响,明确金葡菌诱导BMEC释放外泌体的最佳条件。【结果】通过扫描电镜观察发现,金葡菌处理BMEC后,细胞微绒毛脱落,细胞骨架破坏。透射电镜观察分离的外泌体为圆形的双层膜囊泡,直径在30~150 nm,形态均一。通过检测外泌体总蛋白浓度显示,在MOI＝10时,培养9、12和24 h金葡菌诱导BMEC释放外泌体蛋白浓度均高于MOI＝1,而培养12 h时释放外泌体蛋白浓度最高。对金葡菌诱导BMEC释放的外泌体进一步鉴定,其平均直径约为116 nm;Western blotting检测结果显示外泌体标记物CD9、CD81和TSG101表达阳性。【结论】本研究从形态学和分子生物学特征等方面证实获得的分离物为外泌体;金葡菌可以诱导BMEC释放外泌体,当MOI＝10时,金葡菌处理细胞3 h后继续无外泌体培养12 h,收获的细胞上清中外泌体蛋白含量最高。