油桐尺蠖幼虫对3种桉树无性系的取食选择性初探

采用叶碟法对油桐尺蠖幼虫取食3种桉树无性系叶片的选择性差异进行了研究。结果表明：油桐尺蠖幼虫对DH184—1（尾赤桉Eucalyptus urophylla×E.camaldulensis）、GL—WC3（尾赤桉E. urophylla×E．camaldulensis）和GL—UG9（巨尾桉E．grandis×Euro...     

早稻施氮对连作晚稻产量和氮肥利用率及土壤有效氮含量的影响

于20022～005年,在湖南长沙采用连续定位试验,研究了早稻施氮对连作晚稻产量、氮肥利用率、土壤有效氮含量的影响。试验设早稻施氮/晚稻不施氮、早稻施氮/晚稻施氮、早稻不施氮/晚稻不施氮、早稻不施氮/晚稻施氮4个处理。结果表明,在连续4年早季施氮的条件下,连作晚稻施氮处理的平均产量为6.45.t/hm2,地上部干物质重12.13.t/hm2,氮素吸收量183.6.kg/hm2,分别比连作晚稻不施氮处理增加28.4%、35.1%和103.5%,均达到显著水平;在连续4年早季不施氮的条件下,连作晚稻施氮处理的平均产量为6.61.t/hm2,地上部干物质重12.14.t/hm2,氮素吸收量165.6.kg/hm2,分别比不施氮处理增加33.4%、37.6%和95.6%,均亦达到显著水平。连作晚稻在早季不施氮和早季施氮两种情况下氮肥利用率不同,前者的氮肥生理利用率显著高于后者,增幅为37.8%,两者的氮肥农学利用效率、吸收利用率差异不显著,但前者4年氮肥农学利用效率平均值比后者高18.1%,吸收利用率低6.8个百分点。早晚两季均不施氮小区土壤碱解氮含量均明显低于其他施氮小区,但没有出现随试验年度加长而连续下降的趋势;当早稻或晚稻其中有一季施用了氮肥,或者两季均施用了氮肥的小区,土壤碱解氮含量差异不显著。说明连作晚稻产量主要受当季施氮量的影响,而受早季施氮量的影响较小;早季不施氮小区的连作晚稻氮肥的农学利用效率、生理利用率比早季施氮小区高;在一定程度上降低稻田氮肥用量不会导致土壤背景氮含量的下降。     

The effects of nitrogen sludge load and DO on high concentration nitrous nitrifying system

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of nitrogen sludge load and dissolved oxygen(DO) on nitrite nitrification system. The following conclusions have been drawn based on the experimental data and analysis results: 1) The ammonium degradation rate and the nitrous accumulation rate of high concentration nitrous nitrifying system decline with the increase of NH+4-N sludge load. When HRT is less than two days, the ammonium degradation rate rapidly declines to 25%~29% with the increase of NH+4-N sludge load. When HRT is beyond two days, the ammonium rate of the system slowly falls to 50%~60% with the NH+4-N sludge load increased. When HRT is 2.5 days or 3 days, the declined trend of the system nitrous accumulation rate is not obvious with the NH+4-N sludge load increased. When HRT is 5 days, the decrease of nitrous accumulation rate is caused by the adaptation of sludge. So the NH+4-N sludge load of high concentration nitrous accumulation system should not be too high; 2)With the increase of DO, the ammonium degradation of high concentration nitrous nitrifying system is gradually increased. When the DO is less than 0.7 mg/L, it is not conductive to the ammonium degradation. When the DO is higher than 2 mg/L, the oxide of NH+4-N is changed into the increased of NO3-N and the nitrous accumulation rate declined. If the concentration of DO is controlled within 0.7to 1.3 mg/L, the high concentration nitrous nitrifying system can have a good NH+4-N degradation rate and nitrous accumulation rate.     

优质玉米新品种科湘11号特征特性及高产栽培技术

科湘11号玉米新品种是中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所用自选系ISA01和ISA02杂交选育而成的优质玉米新品种。经过湖南省区试、生产试验和示范、抗性鉴定和品质分析，该品种表现生育期适中，优质，高产，抗性较好。适应湖南省及周边地区种植。其在湖南省的优质高产配套栽培技术为适时播种（一般在3月中旬至4月初播种），合理密植（密度范围是45000—52500株／hm^2），科学施肥，综合防治病虫害。     

猕猴桃组培中控制细菌污染的研究

将成功运用于木本植物苹果和李组培中的Viss筛选法，用于猕猴桃组培外植体的带菌鉴别，结合植株生长和健康速度的观察，对升汞控制猕猴桃组培中的细菌污染作了测试，发现一定浓度与处理时间五，升汞对抑制细菌感染有一定的作用，未对要植株造成严重的毒害，植株能够以接近正常水平的表观健康度继续生长，组培生根也不受影响。     

旱作水稻产量和品质的研究

通过半腐解秸秆 (稻草 )覆盖旱作、地膜覆盖旱作、裸地旱作和水作比较试验 ,着重研究了覆盖条件下旱作水稻(协优 6 3)的产量与品质表现。结果表明 ,旱作水稻较水作减产 12 4 6 %～ 32 5 9% ,以半腐解秸秆覆盖旱作减产最小。水稻旱种后籽粒长和宽变小 ,半腐解秸秆覆盖旱作处理稻米垩白度变小 ,碾磨品质得到改善 ,籽粒蛋白质含量提高 ,峰值黏度、低谷黏度、崩解值、最终黏度和峰值时间低 ,回复值和糊化温度高于水作 ,米饭质地和口感下降。     

Induced Resistance by the Toxin Filtrate of Bipolaris maydis Race T Cultivation

Resistance to maize southern leaf spot disease was induced by the low-concentration filtrate of Bipolaris maydis race T cultivation in an experiment. The nuclear neterogeny corn C103 was used as the test material. The lesion area on the leaves was significant difference by connalysis. The lesion areas on pretreated leaves were (0.3 ± 0.05)- (0.9 ± 0.5) mm2, but those on the control were (23.1 ± 8.7) mm2. At the same time, the changes in peroxidase, phenylalanine, ammonialyase, and malondialdehvde activities were determined. During 0-96 h of inspection, phenylalanine and ammonialyase (PAL) activities increased by 64.2%, peroxidase (POD) activities increased by 41.2%, but the malondialdenvde (MDA) content decreased by 29.7% compared with the control. It seems that the low-concentration filtrate of Bipolaris maydis race T cultivation itself can be used as an elicitor to enhance the induced resistance.     

H2O2在采后果蔬冷害中的作用机制

冷害是冷敏感型果蔬产品在贮藏、包装和运输过程中经常发生的一种生理伤害。叙述活性氧代谢与采后果蔬冷害的关系,解析H2O2信号转导作用在采后果蔬冷害的发生中所起重要作用,对H2O2在采后果蔬冷害中的作用机制进行归纳,提出H2O2处理有望成为提高贮藏果蔬抗冷能力的新的御冷技术。     

宁夏枸杞炭疽病病原的生物学特性研究

对宁夏枸杞炭疽病原(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz)的生物学特性进行了研究.结果表明:22～31 ℃为最适温度,有利菌落生长、产孢,接种孢子6 h可萌发.相对湿度90%(RH)以上时,有利孢子萌发.碳源以葡萄糖、甘露糖对菌落生长有利,可溶性淀粉对产孢有利.氮源以蛋白胨菌落生长最快,硝酸钾、蛋白胨、尿素产孢量较大.孢子喜在弱酸条件下萌发,pH值4～5时有利菌落生长.连续光照有利菌落生长、产孢.10℃以下,40℃以上不能正常产孢,萌发.致死温度为55 ℃.     

大棚蔬菜滴灌试验与耗水量估算

通过大棚条件下的滴灌灌水试验，对黄瓜，茄子的需水量，需水规律及其土壤水分状况对蔬菜生长和产量的影响进行了研究。结果表明：无论从产量还是植物株的生态考查结果来看。适宜土壤水环境对促进蔬菜生产发育有利，其中以土壤含水量达到85%左右时开始灌水至田持水量的产量最高，耗水量也最多。蔬菜的耗水量与水面蒸发力关系密切，苗期耗水量低于同期水面蒸发力，其它生育期高于同期水面蒸发力，在计算灌溉水量时，灌溉指标用土壤水分胁迫指标比用土壤水分亏缺量更能反映与作物缺水的关系。