磷对杉木不同家系苗木生长影响试验研究

对２０个杉木不同家系的苗木进行磷素营养要求试验，１年生苗木盆栽试验结果表明：杉木不同家系苗木对磷素营养反应敏感，２ｇ磷处理使苗高、地径分别增益３．７％—９６．５％、７．４％—６１．１％，４ｇ磷处理使苗高、地径分别增益２．１％—８３．１％、３．７％—５７．９％，杉木苗期需要磷素营养。三明３８、三明６７、三明４８、三明５８四个家系生长比较理想，在０ｇ磷处理下，１年生平均苗高１３．０—１５．９９ｃｍ，平均地径０．２３—０．２７ｃｍ，这４个家系具有更大的生长潜力，２０个家系间对磷素营养要求方面不存在显著的差异。     

Growth hormone attenuates branchial HSP70 expression in silver sea bream

In this study the effects of growth hormone (GH) on silver sea bream branchial heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression was investigated using in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. For in-vivo experiments, sea bream were administered recombinant bream GH or the GH secretagogue hexarelin. Pituitary levels of GH were unchanged in fish administered exogenous GH but decreased on hexarelin administration, in comparison with saline controls. Levels of HSP70 were measured using immunoanalysis and it was found that both GH and hexarelin administration caused a significant decrease in branchial HSP70 abundance. For in-vitro analysis, branchial filaments were exposed to a range of GH concentrations (1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) and it was found that HSP70 levels were significantly lowered in all cases. This study adds to the growing body of evidence surrounding the importance of hormones in regulating heat-shock protein expression in fish.     

基于土地利用/覆盖的干旱绿洲区植被覆盖度变化--以新疆生产建设兵团第八师为例

为了探讨西北干旱绿洲区土地利用/覆盖类型景观格局特征,以及不同土地利用/覆盖类型植被覆盖度变化,本文以干旱典型绿洲区新疆生产建设兵团第八师为研究区,选取2000年、2005年的Landsat TM和2010年环境一号星CCD遥感影像数据,采用室内解译与野外核查相结合,运用RS和GIS技术分析了该区域的土地利用/覆盖和景观格局变化特征,并基于土地利用/覆盖类型选取3年的MODIS数据进行了植被覆盖度变化分析。结果表明:1)该研究区主要以耕地、草地和灌丛为主,占总面积的88.9%。在自然因素和人为因素的综合作用下,干旱绿洲区土地利用/覆盖类型发生明显变化,草地和灌丛呈减少趋势,面积分别由2000年的2 603.2 km2和1 166.2 km2减少至2010年的1 677.3 km2和933.8 km2;耕地和城镇逐步增加,面积分别由2000年的2 892.8 km2和209.2 km2增加至2010年的4 038.3 km2和259.1 km2;耕地主要由草地和灌丛转化而来,城镇主要由耕地转化而来,土地利用变化整体处于不平衡发展趋势。2)研究区景观特征趋于简单,土地利用变化改变了该区域景观格局,景观多样性、均匀度减少,优势度明显增大,破碎化程度降低,生物多样性也呈向单一方向转变的趋势。3)受气候等主要因素的影响,2000—2010年植被覆盖度呈先降低后逐步升高的趋势,不同土地利用/覆盖类型植被覆盖度表现为林地耕地草地灌丛荒漠,林地、灌丛、草地和耕地植被覆盖度分别增加6.7%、38.2%、15.6%和12.3%;较高和高等级植被覆盖面积增加,中、较低和低等级植被覆盖度面积减少。4)温度一定的条件下,降雨量是影响干旱绿洲区植被覆盖变化的关键因素。该研究结果可为新疆生产建设兵团生态环境保护管理以及合理规划生产模式提供科学的参考依据。     

水稻控蘖增粒栽培技术增产原因初探

以金优桂９９、Ｗ６１５４Ｓ／特青、香Ｓ／ＧＥＲ－１等杂交组合为材料，从分蘖节位、茎杆粗细、穗粒结构等方面探讨“控蘖法”对杂交水稻的增产原因。     

Development of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Peronospora parasitica</Emphasis> epidemics on radish as modelled by the effects of water vapour saturation deficit and temperature

Epidemics of Peronospora parasitica are strongly affected by temperature and air moisture, and the interaction of these factors. Because a significant percentage of radish plants are grown in greenhouses, it may be possible to influence epidemics by altering the greenhouse climate. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that epidemics of P. parasitica can be modelled by the effects of air temperature and moisture in the greenhouse. Such a model could then be used to analyse greenhouse climate control strategies with regard to managing downy mildew. Five radish crops were grown under greenhouse conditions with set-points for heating and ventilation intended to obtain favourable conditions for disease development during the first part of the growing cycle. Subsequent to this first phase, unfavourable conditions were set until harvest. Disease incidence was measured once a week until the radishes reached marketable size. In addition, experiments were carried out in growth chambers in which inoculated plants were subjected to air temperatures between 8 and 27°C, and disease incidence and sporulation intensity were measured. Data from these two experiments were then used to estimate model parameters. In this model, the interactions of air temperature (T) and water vapour saturation deficit (SD) were adequately described by a multiplicative relationship. The simulated epidemics by the fitted model were highly correlated with the observed epidemics (r = 0.91, R ² = 0.83, n = 29). Parameter estimates indicated that T of ca. 20°C and SD < 0.03 hPa resulted in the highest rates of disease development and that the rate was zero when SD > 2.0 hPa. Both experimental data and simulations showed that epidemics of P. parasitica can be effectively controlled by managing the greenhouse climate.     

褐飞虱在华中地区不同主栽水稻品种上的生活史和种群动态

为明确褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens对华中地区不同主栽水稻品种的适合度,利用两性生命表分析华中地区的5个主栽水稻品种C两优、岳优、深两优、华两优和红良优对褐飞虱生活史参数的影响,并模拟取食5个水稻品种后褐飞虱的种群动态。结果表明:不同水稻品种对褐飞虱的生长发育和繁殖存在显著影响,取食华两优和红良优的褐飞虱雌成虫寿命分别为10.73 d和11.43 d,显著短于取食C两优(14.71 d)、岳优(15.34 d)和深两优(14.52 d)时;取食红良优的褐飞虱雌成虫产卵量为108.30粒,较取食C两优(237.90粒)、岳优(218.40粒)和深两优(179.60粒)显著减少。褐飞虱取食红良优后,其种群净增殖率和世代周期均显著低于取食C两优和岳优时;而其种群内禀增长率和周限增长率均显著低于取食岳优时。表明华中地区5个主栽水稻品种中红良优可显著降低褐飞虱的繁殖力和种群参数,褐飞虱对红良优的适合度最低,可作为华中地区主栽水稻来防控褐飞虱。     

The performance of community organisers in promotion of community forestry in Leyte Province,Philippines

A study was conducted to assess the role and effectiveness of community organisers in supporting the development of people’s organisations in achieving community-based forest management objectives in Leyte Province Philippines. Community organisers were found to be effective in forming people’s organisations (POs), motivating people to participate in voluntary activities organised by POs and encouraging cohesiveness among PO members. Community organisers manage to raise the level of environmental awareness and knowledge of members of people’s organisations, develop leadership interest and skills, create various livelihood opportunities and provide direction and facilitate the establishment of large tree plantations. However, the short duration of community organisers’ contracts (typically two years) is insufficient to establish mature and cohesive POs prepared to assume management on their own, including the management of tree plantations. Further, lack of training and funding support, low wages, delayed payment of salaries and limited time to work with people’s organisations, as well as the pressure to produce tangible outputs such the establishment of large tree plantations, prevents them from placing greater emphasis on the development and empowerment of the people.     

香蕉果实凝集素基因的克隆及原核表达

[研究目的]植物凝集素具有重要的生理功能,通过原核表达香蕉凝集素基因(BanLec)并探讨其功能具有重要意义.[方法]提取了巴西蕉果肉总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增BanLec cDNA全长序列,并对该序列进行分析.将BanLec克隆至表达载体pET-30a,并将筛选到的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株中进行诱导表达.[结果]克隆到的BanLec cDNA序列为460 bp,开放读码框为426 bp,编码142个氨基酸.与其他已知的香蕉凝集素基因相比较,核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为94%和93%以上.SDS-PAGE分析结果表明,经IPTG诱导,BanLec基因以融合蛋白形式表达,相对分子量约为20kD.[结论]该研究为探讨香蕉凝集素的活性及生化功能等奠定基础.     

Induced thermotolerance and expression of heat shock protein 70 in sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   Thermal limits, induced thermotolerance and the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in an echinoderm Apostichopus japonicus were studied. The sublethal and lethal temperatures for the juveniles were 30 and 34°C, respectively; a previous sublethal heat shock exposure (30°C, 2 h) could increase the survival rates of the sea cucumbers when they were exposed to 34°C. This induced thermotolerance could last for at least 2 days. Levels of Hsp70 increased substantially after sublethal heat shock exposure and linearly decreased with time. This result indicated that a close relationship existed between the induction of thermotolerance and the levels of Hsp70 in A. japonicus.     

Description of peripheral blood cells and differential blood analysis of captive female and male leopard grouper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycteroperca</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">rosacea</Emphasis> as an approach for diagnosing diseases

The peripheral blood cells and differential blood profile of captive female and male leopard grouper Mycteroperca rosacea are described for aquacultural purposes. Basophilic, polychromatic, and orthochromic erythroblasts were observed as immature erythrocytes that develop into mature erythrocytes. Young erythrocytes were not evident, and bi-lobed erythrocytes were extremely scarce. Types of leukocytes included lymphocytes; three types of granulocytes (basophiles, eosinophiles, and neutrophiles); monocytes; and a specialized amoeboid-like macrophage in the blood, which has not been previously described in fish-blood literature. Thrombocytes were commonly observed. There was significantly higher erythropoiesis in males. Granulocytes and lymphocytes of females were significantly higher than males, whereas monocytes and thrombocytes were not.