鸭IFIT5基因(544G>A)多态性与部分免疫指标的关联分析

探索IFIT5基因作为抗性性状的候选标记的可能性,为家禽抗病育种提供一些参考依据。以樱桃谷北京鸭、苏牧麻鸭(樱桃谷鸭×金定鸭)、金定鸭、白羽番鸭为试验材料,利用DNA直接测序技术扫描IFIT5基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP),并分析其与部分免疫指标的关联性。结果表明:仅在IFIT5基因外显子2上检测到一个错义突变(G544A),产生2种等位基因,2种基因型(GG、GA),未发现有AA基因型。经χ2检验,4个鸭群体只有金定鸭和苏牧麻鸭处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。关联分析结果显示:樱桃谷鸭体内H5含量GG型显著高于GA型(P0.05),而Ig M含量GG型显著低于GA型(P0.05),其余免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05);苏牧麻鸭体内H5含量GG型极显著高于GA型(P0.01),其余免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05);金定鸭不同基因型各免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。白羽番鸭在+544位点均为GG纯合基因型。由此可以看出,IFIT5(544GA)可作为樱桃谷鸭体内H5含量的候选分子标记。     

主要梨属砧木枝条导管分子结构比较分析

为探索梨树砧木的矮生机制,以矮生型梨砧木‘PY-9’、‘BA-29’、‘OHF-87’、"东7-7"、"中矮Ⅱ号"、"FOX11"等为试材,以普通型梨砧木杜梨(Pyrus betulifolia)、豆梨(P.calleryana)、砂梨(P.pyrifolia)、秋子梨(P.ussuriensis)、木梨(P.xerophila)、川梨(P.pashia)、褐梨(P.phaeocarpa)、杏叶梨(P.armeniacaefolia)、柳叶梨(P.salicfolia)等为对照,采用组织离析、显微照相与生物学统计方法,对1年生枝条导管分子的形态和大小进行了观察。结果表明:普通型和矮生型梨砧木的导管分子形态多为圆柱形,均属于孔纹导管;其矮生型导管分子的穿孔板类型、有尾情况、端壁倾斜状况、端尾长度与普通型无明显差异;矮生型导管分子平均长度在275.1~300.8μm,平均直径在26.1~29.9μm;普通型梨砧木枝条导管分子平均长度在331.6~399.3μm,平均直径在31.2~36.0μm;矮生型梨砧木导管分子长度与直径显著小于普通型梨砧木。以上结果表明,矮生型梨砧木表现出小导管性,这可能是矮生型梨砧木致矮的细胞学原因之一。     

Evaluation of finger weeder safety and efficacy for intra-row weed removal in irrigated field crops

Increased demand for pesticide-free food and the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations have created a need for non-chemical weed-control tools. A candidate mechanical tool for controlling weeds in the seeding line (intra-row zone) is the finger weeder. This study thus aimed to evaluate the safety and weed-control efficacy of the finger weeder in various irrigated field crops. Eight field trials were conducted in processing tomato, sweet corn, sunflower, cotton, and beetroot over 2 years. The finger weeder treatments were applied as the sole weed-control method (single or double treatments) and in combination with herbicides. A mini meta-analysis was used to evaluate the overall effect of the finger weeder treatments on crop stand and yield and on weed control efficacy. Weed density in the control not treated with herbicides nor a finger weeder ranged between 2 and 62 weeds m⁻². The finger weeder treatments resulted in a significant reduction in weed density, which ranged between 40% and 90%. The weed density following the double finger weeder treatment was not significantly different from that for the conventional herbicide-based treatment (p = 0.32) and could therefore be considered as an effective environmentally friendly alternative. Furthermore, a single FW treatment integrated with herbicide application gave better weed control than the conventional herbicide treatment (p = 0.04). This treatment was safe for the crops with no significant stand (p = 0.19) or yield (p = 0.29) reductions compared to commercial treatment. The results of this study demonstrate the promise of the finger weeder as an effective tool within integrated weed management systems for conventional agro-systems. The tool offers a rational weed-control solution for sustainable systems under irrigation.     

A New Monte Carlo Method Based on State Analysis

A new Monte Carlo Method for system reliability evaluation is proposed in this paper. The repeated sampling of system states with relatively great probabilities is avoided in the simulation,thus the sampling efficiency is significantly improved. Besides,the negative correlations used in different trials can further reduce the estimated varinaces. The sparse matrix technique is employed to reduce the memory requirement and to save the computer time. Comparative studies show that the method proposed is of great value and the application to the IEEE reliability test system (power system) is successful.     

基于切比雪夫多项式的数控机床几何误差参数化建模

为了快速精确地建立机床几何误差项数学模型,提出了一种基于切比雪夫多项式的参数化建模方法。首先针对测量得到的机床基本几何项数据,将机床相应运动轴进给量转化为切比雪夫变量。其次将切比雪夫变量代入不同阶次的切比雪夫多项式得到相应的值。然后根据切比雪夫基函数值和切比雪夫变量用多元线性回归方法获得相应的系数,得到关于切比雪夫基函数的数学模型。最后将运动轴进给量与切比雪夫变量之间的转化关系代入得到基本几何误差项的数学模型。建模过程简单且易程序化,切比雪夫多项式的高逼近精度使得建立的模型精度高。将所有几何误差项参数化模型代入机床几何误差模型综合数学模型,从而可得到机床工作空间几何误差场分布。以MV-5A三轴立式加工中心为例,将各个几何误差项参数化模型代入机床几何误差模型中得到该机床综合几何误差数学模型,进而得到该机床工作空间几何误差场分布,为机床设计和误差补偿提供了理论依据。     

五个典型柑桔品种的落花落果规律调查

以成年纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑、沙田柚、尤力克柠檬和圆金柑为材料,探索其花果脱落规律。结果表明,最终坐果率与总花量（含花蕾）显著负相关（P < 0.01）;平均单株花果脱落总数量为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 圆金柑 > 尤力克柠檬;平均单株花果脱落总干重为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 尤力克柠檬 > 圆金柑;纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚第一次生理落果数量大于第二次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑第二次生理落果数量大于第一次生理落果。因此,纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚应重点防止第一次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑应重点防止第二次生理落果。     

油菜黑胫病菌和茎基溃疡病菌的LAMP检测方法的建立

油菜黑胫病和油菜茎基溃疡病分别由子囊菌Leptosphaeria biglobosa和L.maculans引起.我国油菜产区仅发现L.biglobosa,未发现L.maculans.因而,L.maculans是我国的对外检疫性对象.这两种真菌形态相似,引起的病害症状相似,给田间快速准确鉴定带来难度.本研究基于环介导等温...     

猕猴桃根结线虫形态观察与病原鉴定

[目的]明确贵州猕猴桃根结线虫的种类,为猕猴桃根结线虫病的防治提供理论依据.[方法]从贵州省修文、息烽和大方县采集感染根结线虫的猕猴桃植株,利用改良的贝曼漏斗法分离根结线虫,采用显微镜和扫描电镜对猕猴桃根结线虫进行形态观察与测量,结合分子生物学方法对线虫进行鉴定.[结果]猕猴桃根系被根结线虫侵染后产生根结或瘤状物,形成大小不等的根瘤,直径为0.5~1.0 cm;直径1.5~2.0 mm的须根受害较重,被侵染的须根产生单个或串生结节状肿瘤,瘤状物呈椭圆或近球形.猕猴桃根结线虫雌虫的排泄孔至头端的距离是口针的1倍左右,口针微微向背部弯曲,唇盘呈哑铃状,侧唇与中唇和唇盘分开,分界明显;雄虫唇盘大而圆,比中唇高,中唇外围圆滑,与唇盘分界明显.猕猴桃根结线虫种群与GenBank的南方根结线虫MK784570、KP234265和KF041336等线虫的序列相似度达99%.[结论]侵染贵州省修文、息烽和大方县猕猴桃的根结线虫为南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita).