几种杀虫剂对方翅网蝽的田间药效试验

将高效氯氰菊酯以300和450mL/hm2、阿维菌素以600和900mL/hm2和噻虫嗪以150和300g/hm2均匀喷雾,防治越冬方翅网蝽,结果表明:施药后24h后,高效氯氰菊酯平均防治效果达99.51%;噻虫嗪可湿性粉剂的平均防治效果在98.10%;阿维菌素乳油平均防治效果为71.81%。说明这3种杀虫剂对越冬方翅网蝽均有较好防治效果。     

大豆主要食叶害虫为害当量系统与复合防治指标的研究

豆天蛾(Clanis bilineata Walker)、银纹夜蛾(Plusia agnata Standinger)、棉铃虫(He-liothis armigera Hubner)和豆灰蝶(Plebejus argus L.)对黄淮流域大豆生产影响较大,防治指标亟待改进。人工模拟剪叶建立了叶损失率与产量损失的函数方程。逐种测定日食量,求取了每种幼虫不同阶段的校正等量系数,建立了为害当量系统。在考虑多维因素的基础上,建立了大豆不同生育期的复合防治指标。田间调查表明,应用该指标能较好解决4种害虫在田间混合发生,虫龄参差不齐,难以确定防治指标的困难,具有较高实用性。     

Identification of quantitative trait loci for agronomic and physiological traits in maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) under high-nitrogen and low-nitrogen conditions

Low-nitrogen (LN) tolerance is a compound character with a complex genetic basis. Many agronomic traits have been shown to be closely related to LN tolerance in maize. In this study, 150 F₇ recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between inbreds 178 and K12 were evaluated for agronomical and physiological traits under high-nitrogen (HN) and LN conditions in 2 years. Inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) was used to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits recorded under different treatments (LN and HN) in 2 years. In total, 86 QTLs were detected: 38 for HN and 35 for LN, while 13 QTLs were detected under both nitrogen levels, suggesting that LN-specific QTLs may play a role in improving LN tolerance in maize. Overlapping QTLs for different traits were located on all chromosomes except chromosome 4 and chromosome 9. Many of these regions overlapped with previously reported QTLs. Several consensus major QTLs and LN-specific major QTLs found in the study can be used in marker-assisted selection breeding for genetic improvement and LN tolerance in maize in the future.     

The silica balance in the world ocean: a reestimate

The net inputs of silicic acid (dissolved silica) to the world ocean have been revised to 6.1 +/- 2.0 teramoles of silicon per year (1 teramole = 10(12) moles). The major contribution (about 80 percent) comes from rivers, whose world average silicic acid concentration is 150 micromolar. These inputs are reasonably balanced by the net ouputs of biogenic silica of 7.1 +/- 1.8 teramoles of silicon per year in modern marine sediments. The gross production of biogenic silica (the transformation of dissolved silicate to particulate skeletal material) in surface waters was estimated to be 240 +/- 40 teramoles of silicon per year, and the preservation ratio (opal accumulation in sediment/gross production in surface waters) averages 3 percent. In the world ocean the residence time of silicon, relative to total biological uptake in surface waters, is about 400 years.     

高纯氮气对储粮害虫致死效果的研究

本研究在30±1 ℃,相对湿度75%±5%的高纯氮气环境中对几种主要储粮害虫进行生物测定并检测结果.玉米象、米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗(中山品系)、杂拟谷盗、赤拟谷盗(益阳品系)、嗜卷书虱和锯谷盗的LT50值由大到小排列顺序为34.0 h、32.5 h、32.5 h、13.9 h、13.4 h、12.5 h、5.4 h和5.1 h.不同试虫对高纯氮气环境忍耐能力差异显著.     

甘蓝型油菜成熟籽粒DNA快速提取方法探讨

以室温保存不同年份的甘蓝型油菜种子为材料,采用改良的CTAB法和DNA抽提试剂盒分别提取甘蓝型油菜籽粒DNA,探讨适合甘蓝型油菜籽粒DNA提取的方法。结果表明,不同保存年份种子提取的DNA含量无显著差异;受种皮色泽的影响也较小;用改良的CTAB法比试剂盒所提DNA产量高,结构完整性好,成本较低。PCR扩增检测结果表明两种方法获得的DNA均能满足一般的分子实验。因此,从油菜干籽粒中直接提取DNA可以节约时间,显著提高工作效率,为快速高效地进行甘蓝型油菜种质资源和遗传多样性分析奠定了基础,同时,也利于快速鉴定推广品种是否带有外源基因。     

苹果叶片缺锌对有关生理生化指标的影响

本文以２０年生‘红星／海棠’、１０年生‘金帅／平邑甜茶’、‘富士／平邑甜茶’苹果树为试材，研究了叶片缺Ｚｎ对叶绿素、可溶性糖、氨基酸、蛋白质含量及碳酸酐酶、ＲＮＡ酶活性的影响。结果表明，缺Ｚｎ叶片碳酸酐酶的活性下降，而ＲＮＡ酶的活性提高。另外，苹果叶片缺Ｚｎ后降低了叶绿素及可溶性糖的含量，抑制了蛋白质的合成，导致了氨基酸的积累，从而影响了器官的正常建造。     

大米储藏保鲜技术现状及研究进展

在简要介绍大米储藏过程中品质下降机理及其影响因子的基础上,重点比较分析了大米的常用储藏方法（包括：常温储藏、低温储藏、气调储藏、化学储藏）和保鲜包装新技术（如：60Co和电子加速器辐照保鲜、纳米保鲜膜保鲜技术、生物源保鲜剂保鲜技术、微波处理技术等）,并结合大米储藏的发展趋势,提出了大米储藏保鲜技术的研究方向。     

山东省粮食生产与化肥施用状况研究

对山东省建国以来的粮食作物产量与施肥状况进行了探讨,结果表明:建国以来,山东省粮食产量和化肥用量都在逐步增加,化肥与粮食单产之间呈显著正相关,但20世纪90年代粮食产量呈现下降的趋势,而化肥用量仍然增加,化肥的增产效率逐年降低;同时作为山东省主要粮食作物的小麦、玉米的产量呈现与粮食相同的趋势,通过对山东省几个地区的调查结果来看,小麦、玉米施肥量处于较高水平,且地区间施肥量、氮磷钾肥的施用比例以及化肥在两种作物上的分配比例差异较大。     

旱作农田种植碳排放主要因素 及减排措施研究

农业生产是温室气体排放第二大排放源,降低农业生产的碳排放具有意义重大。本文梳理了种植生产过程中碳排放相关的文献,发现种植过程产生碳排放的主要因素之一是化肥的生产和使用。通过优化秸秆和肥料利用模式成为化肥减施和替代的重要途径,综合考虑了农田碳排放和土壤固碳,为进一步研究旱作农田减排措施提供参考。