益生菌发酵饲料对猪的生长和肉质的影响

应用益生菌发酵饲料喂猪,能提高饲料中粗蛋白含量,明显降低猪粪臭味,促进生长、降低料肉比和提高猪肉品质。     

三聚氰胺对小鼠睾丸病理损伤的观察

本研究采用组织病理学和免疫组织化学技术观察了三聚氰胺（Melamine,MA）对雄性小鼠睾丸的毒性作用,以深入揭示三聚氰胺的毒性作用及其机理。将25只28日龄SPF雄性昆明小鼠随机均分为5组,1组为对照组,其他4组为试验组。4个试验组分别按下述不同剂量灌服三聚氰胺：0.6 mg/kg（bw）/d（每日每公斤体重0.6 mg）、3.0 mg/kg（bw）/d、15.0 mg/kg（bw）/d和17.5 mg/kg（bw）/d,用玉米油做溶剂;空白对照组每日灌服等量玉米油。连续灌胃30天后剖检小鼠并取其睾丸组织进行固定、切片和染色,观察睾丸的组织病理变化。同时,采用免疫组织化学方法检测睾丸组织中增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达量。观察结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组不同剂量浓度的三聚氰胺对小鼠睾丸组织造成不同程度的病理损伤;三聚氰胺也会在一定程度上影响睾丸组织中PCNA的表达。研究结果表明三聚氰胺对于小鼠生殖系统有明显毒性作用。     

牡丹江周边雉类种群数量调查

为了更好地掌握牡丹江周边地区雉类资源,有针对性地加以保护与合理利用,2007年7月-2009年11月对牡丹江周边的雉类种群密度进行了调查,主要采用固定路线踏查法和定点样方法等形式进行了详细的调查,共记录雉类4种,雉鸡(Phasianus colchicus)为优势种,占全部雉类总数量的46.2%.平均密度为1.8 R/km2,鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix)为稀少,仅占9.231%.调查发现雉类分布与生境关系非常密切,夏季在草原和草甸低矮灌木为主的环境中雉类数量较大,秋冬季生境主要与食物条件有关.人类活动也是造成分布差异的一个主要原因.     

Genetic diversity and relatedness of Fasciola spp. isolates from different hosts and geographic regions revealed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences

The present study examined sequence variability in a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 4 and 5 (pnad4 and pnad5) among 39 isolates of Fasciola spp., from different hosts from China, Niger, France, the United States of America, and Spain; and their phylogenetic relationships were re-constructed. Intra-species sequence variations were 0.0-1.1% for pcox1, 0.0-2.7% for pnad4, and 0.0-3.3% for pnad5 for Fasciola hepatica; 0.0-1.8% for pcox1, 0.0-2.5% for pnad4, and 0.0-4.2% for pnad5 for Fasciola gigantica, and 0.0-0.9% for pcox1, 0.0-0.2% for pnad4, and 0.0-1.1% for pnad5 for the intermediate Fasciola form. Whereas, nucleotide differences were 2.1-2.7% for pcox1, 3.1-3.3% for pnad4, and 4.2-4.8% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and F. gigantica; were 1.3-1.5% for pcox1, 2.1-2.9% for pnad4, 3.1-3.4% for pnad5 between F. hepatica and the intermediate form; and were 0.9-1.1% for pcox1, 1.4-1.8% for pnad4, 2.2-2.4% for pnad5 between F. gigantica and the intermediate form. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pnad4 and pnad5 revealed distinct groupings of isolates of F. hepatica, F. gigantica, or the intermediate Fasciola form irrespective of their origin, demonstrating the usefulness of the mtDNA sequences for the delineation of Fasciola species, and reinforcing the genetic evidence for the existence of the intermediate Fasciola form.     

开食时间对雏鸡早期生长和内脏器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究不同开食时间对雏鸡早期的生长性能及内脏器官发育的影响.试验选取1080只0日龄、体重相近的新扬州鸡雏鸡,根据开食时间不同,随机分成6个组,每个组3个重复,每个重复60只(30只公鸡,30只母鸡).出壳后一周内,每天从每个重复中随机挑选8只雏鸡(4公4母),分别称其活重后致死,取卵黄囊、肝脏、心脏、胰腺、法氏囊和小肠分别称重,测量小肠长度.结果表明,出壳后禁食36h对7日龄鸡体重没有显著负面影响,出壳后最长禁食时间不应超过60h.     

饲料企业日常监管要点解析

今年是《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》颁布实施10周年．农业部在全国范围内组织开展“保障饲料安全．推进健康养殖——饲料质量安全执法年”行动,《条例》修正案也将出台。近年来,虽然我国的饲料安全工作不断加强．饲料产品的质量水平不断提高．但是从目前来看．我国的饲料安全问题还远没有解决。饲料产品在生产、流通和使用中仍存在着严重的安全隐患。     

牦牛血清氟含量测定

采用氟离子选择电极对３７头青海牦牛血清氟含量进行测定，结果为０．０１５±０．００７（０．００５－０．０２６）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。同时还对该方法的准确度、精密度做了检测。     

Anti-nutritional effects of a moderate dose of soybean agglutinin in the rat.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a moderate dose of purified soybean agglutinin on performance and nitrogen digestibility in rats as well as to determine its effects on the protein, DNA and RNA content of the small intestine and pancreas. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allotted into one of four groups for a 10-day nitrogen balance experiment. The four groups of rats were fed 7 g of a casein-cornstarch based diet or a similar diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/g purified soybean agglutinin. All experimental diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level. Dose of soybean agglutinin had no significant effect on rat performance. Incorporation of soybean agglutinin in the diet reduced apparent protein digestibility and the utilization of dietary protein by increasing nitrogen loss from the faeces and urine. Fresh pancreatic weight increased in rats fed soybean agglutinin at a level of 0.4 mg/g in the diet compared to the control, but the dry pancreatic weight and the protein content of the pancreas did not differ among the four groups. However the DNA and RNA content of the pancreas had a tendency to increase with a higher level of soybean agglutinin. The weight of the jejunum and its protein, DNA and RNA content were not significantly affected by soybean agglutinin, but the dry weight and the RNA of the jejunum tended to increase with higher levels of soybean agglutinin in the diet. In conclusion, purified soybean agglutinin, at moderate levels in the rats diet, had negative effects on digestive function, such as nitrogen digestibility, nitrogen retention and nitrogen balance. As the level of soybean agglutinin increased, the effects became more pronounced. Meanwhile, hypertrophy of the pancreas was observed with higher doses of soybean agglutinin incorporation in the diets.     

安徽省一起非洲猪瘟疫情的暴发调查

2018年9月,安徽省铜陵市某猪场暴发非洲猪瘟疫情。为查明疫情可能的来源、波及范围,继而提出有针对性的预防控制建议,对该猪场的饲养管理、猪群发病现状以及相关流行病学关联场点进行了现场调查。调查发现,此次暴发可能由饲喂泔水引起。由此建议:暂时关闭辖区内生猪屠宰场,并进行彻底消毒;停止疫情相关区域生猪及其产品调运;监测受威胁区猪场,做好生物安全防护;停止饲喂泔水,并做好餐厨剩余物的无害化处理工作。     

Effects of berberine on the growth performance,antioxidative capacity and immune response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in broilers

This study evaluated the effects of berberine on growth performance, immunity, haematological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and the expression of immune response‐related genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐challenged broilers. We assigned 120 one‐day‐old male broilers (Ross 308) to two treatment groups; each group included two subgroups, each of which included six replicates of five birds per replicate. The experiment used a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with berberine treatment (0 or 60 mg/kg dietary) and challenge status [injection of saline (9 g/L w/v) or LPS (1.5 mg/kg body weight)] as the main factors. On days 14, 16, 18 and 20, broilers were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or physiological saline. Blood and liver samples were collected on day 21. Dietary berberine supplementation significantly alleviated the compromised average daily gain and average daily feed intake (p < 0.05) caused by LPS. The LPS challenge led to increased lymphocyte and white blood cell (WBC) counts, malondialdehyde (serum and liver) content, and immunoglobulin G and M, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) expression (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced serum total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activity (p < 0.05). Dietary berberine significantly mitigated the LPS‐induced decreases in the mRNA expression of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), TNF‐α, IL‐1β, inducible nitrite synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 (p < 0.05) in the liver. In conclusion, berberine supplementation has a positive effect on LPS challenge, which may be related to the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibition of both NF‐κB signalling and the expression of inflammatory mediators.