加快发展南京丘陵山区农村经济的对策

南京丘陵山区经济发展潜力很大,其发展途径,通过分析,认为应在原来重视粮食生产的基础上,大力发展多种经营。当前,该区发展农村经济中,存在资金、技术、产品销售三大制约因素。对资金,建议采取“速效项目开路,长效项目跟上,以短养长,长短结合,滚动前进”的对策。对技术,建议试行定项、定人、定量、定质的技术推广责任制,促使科技真正转化为现实生产力。对产品,建议增办龙头企业,增建市场,试办村、组销售合作服务体系,以解决千家万户上市场的困难,也可活化以销促产的机制。在产业经营上,应掌握因地制宜、市场导向、趋利避害、量力而行、环境保护五大原则。在经营模式上,目前存在以农为主、亦工亦农、少量多种经营、规模经营四种模式,建议近期多数农户以选用少量多种经营模式为好,长远则应积极发展规模经营。     

森林病害流行与经营措施的关系

为了更好地贯彻以森林生态系为基础,以营林技术措施为中心的“预防为主,综合防治”的森林保护方针,本文概括论述了森林病害的流行与经营措施的密切关系。森林“病害”是森林生态系统中生物之间食物链关系的一种自然现象。在天然林生态系中,生物种群之间处于相对平衡的关系,“病害”处于有病无大害(立木腐朽除外)状态,而在人工纯林,特别是大面积人工纯林的生态系中,由于食物链结构简单,给有害生物提供了有利环境进而繁殖成灾,成为当前人工林病害流行的重要原因。各种营林技术措施与森林病害流行有密切关系,营林技术措施是“综合防治”的核心,把营林防病措施贯彻到育林各个生产环节中,是一项系统工程,是控制或减轻人工林病害流行的重要战略措施。因此,使林业工作者进一步认清森林病害流行与经营措施的关系,对“综合防治”森林病害工作,具有一定的生产指导意义。     

江浦胡桥老栗园低产原因的分析及其改造措施

经土壤分析和实地调查,江浦胡桥板栗低产有如下几个原因:①土壤缺硼,9个样点的含硼量平均仅0.32μg/g。缺硼有碍板栗受精结实,严重的可导致70％左右的空苞率;②多年不施肥,土壤养份只耗不补,肥力低下,缺磷现象尤其严重。9个样点的P_2O_5含量仅2.41μg/g,其中2个点属低级水平,7个点属极低水平;而板栗需要大量磷素,尤以花期需磷更多;③坡地栽培,缺乏水土保持措施,引起水土流失;④未整形修剪,密度不合理,树体高大,枝条拥挤,相互遮荫,形成冠顶平面结果;⑤不除灌木杂草,使其与板栗争光争肥。今后的改造措施:①挖鱼鳞坑,保水保肥;②增施肥料,特别要增施氮、磷、硼等肥料,花期试行喷硼;③重视整形修剪,逐步回缩树冠;④高枝嫁接换种,结合安排授粉树。     

悬板区流场测试分析

通过悬板分层式引水渠首所谓皮卡洛夫堰以线堰两种不同堰型水力要素的测试，分析了现任中堰型悬板上下层分流量，流速分布、水面线及流太，在此基础上对两种悬板缘头型式作了分析比较。对上核定上堰型现行过流能力的计算方法提出了异议。     

珠三角主菜区土壤交换性钙、镁的丰缺指标及分布特征

在珠三角主菜区氮、磷、钾营养状况调查的基础上,从宏观上评价了珠三角主菜区交换性钙、镁分布情况,为有效提高钙镁肥增产效果奠定基础,同时也为珠三角主菜区"中量元素营养"及"土壤中量元素"管理提供依据.在珠三角主菜区,以菜心为供试蔬菜得出的土壤交换性钙丰缺指标如下:小于0.077 cmol·kg-1为极度缺钙,0.78～3....     

模糊综合评判法在建筑施工进度计划管理中的应用研究

本文利用模糊综合评判法对施工进度计划管理进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,该方法可以提高施工进度计划管理的科学性和实用性。     

日本沼虾雄性生殖系统的研究——雄性生殖系统的结构及发育

日本沼虾的雄性生殖系统由精巢、输精管、端壶腹和雄性生殖孔组成。精巢外被一层结统组织膜，内为许多生植小管，小管壁包括生精上皮和管壁上皮，生精上皮不断向管腔内增殖，形成不同发育阶段的雄性生殖细胞，输精管分为前输精管（细段）、中输精管（螺旋段）和后输精管（直段），其管壁均由高柱状上皮和矮柱状上皮构成，具有分泌功能；端壶胞壁肌肉层厚，其它结构与输精管壁相仿。精巢的发育季节性明显。     

Host preference and influence of the sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Abstract

Three eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) varieties – ‘Dafeng’, ‘Beisite’, and ‘Baiyu’ – were used in this experiment to discover the least susceptible variety among them to sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) infestation. The investigations were carried out after completing one generation of whitefly based on two points of view. Initially, host preference and suitability of whitefly was investigated based on adult feeding, oviposition, and developmental time. Therefore, it was investigated based on growth responses of eggplant. The average developmental time was shortest for the cohort reared in ‘Dafeng’ (21.3 days), while the longest period (23.2 days) was recorded in ‘Baiyu’. In comparison with the control, less significant changes in the six growth parameters, viz. plant height (12.6%), leaf area (12.7%), dry matter (8.2%), absolute growth rate (26.0%), relative growth rate (25.0%), and net assimilation rate (22.2%) were found in ‘Baiyu’ infested by B. tabaci. Adult attraction and oviposition were reduced while developmental time was increased in ‘Baiyu’ compared with the other two varieties. In addition, the reduction percentages of all the six plant-growth parameters of ‘Baiyu’ were comparatively less than other two varieties to whitefly stress. Our research is focused on a shorter development time; higher feeding, oviposition, and the reduction percentage of plant growth indicate that a plant is a suitable host. In view of this, the present findings indicate that ‘Baiyu’ is less susceptible than the other two varieties, ‘Dafeng’ and ‘Beisite’, for whitefly infestation.     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Phytotoxic Substances in Waste Nutrient Solution by Various Immobilized Levels of Nano-TiO2

Biosolids are nutrient-rich waste products often used as soil amendments. To evaluate the impact of repeated application of biosolids on heavy metal accumulation and lability, composite soils (at 0–15- and 15–30-cm depths) were collected from 0-, 2-, 5-, and 25-year biosolid-applied Genesee silt loam (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Udifluvent). While the biosolid application did not influence the pH, the electrical conductivity and heavy metal concentration varied significantly. Among the heavy metals, the concentration of total and residual cadmium (Cd) was the highest (3 and 2.8 times), and copper (Cu) was the lowest (1.3 to 1.2 times) in the 25-year biosolid-applied field than in the control. The exchangeable chromium (Cr) concentration was the highest (6 times), and Cu was the lowest (1.9 times) in the 25-year biosolid-applied field as compared with the control. The lability of Cr, lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), Cu, nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) significantly increased by 20, 11, 9, 9, 8, 6, and 4 %, respectively, in the 25-year biosolid-applied field compared to the control field. The extractable Pb, As, Zn, and Cu concentrations were significantly higher at 0–15 cm than at 15–30 cm depth. The labilities of Pb, Cu, and Ni were significantly varied between depths. Biosolids × depth significantly influenced the total As and residual As, Cu, and Pb concentrations. All the heavy metals except total and residual As significantly correlated with the total organic carbon. Results suggest that the accumulation and lability of heavy metals are related to complexation of heavy metals with organic carbon in response to years of biosolid application.     

甘蔗间套种/轮种玉米模式调查与分析

甘蔗是我国重要的糖料作物,对我国食糖安全起重要作用。但由于人工成本、地租等生产成本不断升高,导致甘蔗效益逐年减少。因此,如何提高单位面积甘蔗效益是当前甘蔗产业面临的重大问题。采用文献数据、面上调查、数据收集、实地调查和试验结果相结合的调查方法,进行比较分析我国甘蔗间套种玉米历史和现阶段主要模式进行差异分析。宿根蔗间套种玉米主要有每行间种和隔行间种二行两种模式,且宿根蔗间套种模式当前只能靠人工操作,规模化发展难度大;新植蔗间套种玉米的主要方式有等行距每行种植、等行距隔行种植、宽窄行间套种(宽行2.4~3.2米)等模式,但是等行距间套种无法机械化种植难以推广,而宽窄行间套种模式适合机械种植但严重影响单位面积甘蔗苗数;甘蔗轮作玉米能实现机械化种植和管理,但是只能在甘蔗良种繁育基地推广应用。因此,选择适合的间套种品种和合理种植模式还值得进一步研究。