Agriculture Green Development: a model for China and the world

Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority. This holds, in particular, for agriculture. Recently, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development. The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development (AGD) is to coordinate “green” with “development” to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact. This is a formidable task, requiring joint efforts of government, farmers, industry, educators and researchers. The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system, with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being. This paper addresses the significance, challenges, framework, pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China, and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future. Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations, whole food chain improvement and regional solutions. The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.     

High-throughput screening reveals small molecule modulators inhibitory to Acidovorax citrulli

Acidovorax citrulli is a seed-transmitted gram-negative bacterium that can cause substantial economic yield loss in watermelon and melon production worldwide. Four small-molecule libraries containing 4,952 compounds were selected for high-throughput screening against A. citrulli wild-type strain Xu3-14 by evaluation of growth inhibition. One hundred and twenty-seven molecules (2.5% hit rate) were identified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic against A. citrulli at 100 μM. Secondary screens indicated that 27 candidate compounds were more effective against A. citrulli Group II strains than Group I strains (classified using repetitive element PCR). Several compounds were inhibitory to other pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but did not affect the growth of plant beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. More than half of the compounds did not inhibit germination of Arabidopsis or watermelon seeds. The effect of small molecules on A. citrulli seed-to-seedling transmission was evaluated by applying each compound to inoculated watermelon seeds and assessing seedling infection. Nine compounds were chosen for further investigation based on their reduction of percentage seedling infection and compiling scores on their specificity, sensitivity, and phytotoxicity obtained in the secondary screens. The five best compounds were selected (thiamphenicol, nadifloxacin, pipemidic acid, ciclopirox, and zinc pyrithione) for greenhouse tests and were found to effectively reduce the seed-to-seedling transmission of A. citrulli in both artificially and naturally infested seeds. These top five compounds provide a basis for future development of an A. citrulli-specific bactericide.     

江苏省水稻主产区水稻种植面积时空动态变化分析

【目的】揭示江苏省水稻种植时空格局及动态变化特征,评价其稳定生产水平和种 植结构的空间变化规律,为江苏省水稻生产空间布局的优化调整和可持续发展提供决策依 据。【方法】文章选择江苏省水稻主产区50 个1∶50 000 比例尺标准地形图图幅单元为研究 区域,基于江苏省5 m 空间分辨率耕地遥感数据库,利用2011—2019 年水稻生长期内多源 遥感卫星影像,提取研究区当年的水稻种植面积及空间分布信息。运用数理统计和GIS 空间 分析功能,研究水稻面积变化幅度、变异系数以及转非水稻面积的时空分布特征,继而分析 2011—2019 年水稻种植面积的时空动态变化。【结果】研究区内50% 的地区水稻种植面积 仍然保持相对稳定,42% 的地区水稻种植面积缓慢下降,仅8% 的地区水稻种植面积急剧下 降。2011 年以来,累计有11.6 万hm2 水稻田逐年转为非耕地或持续种植其他作物,占2011 年研究区内水稻种植面积的13.7%。【结论】2011—2019 年研究区内水稻种植面积变化趋势 线斜率为-0.88,总体呈下降趋势,水稻面积平均变化率为-1.03%,变异系数为2.99%。     

生物质能在密集烤房上应用现状和发展方向

为探究烟叶密集烘烤中经济性和实用性较强的生物质能源,笔者归纳了当前密集型烤房上使用较多的气体、液体、固体生物质能源的应用现状,在总结了3种生物质能源对烟叶烘烤质量影响和能源转化设备技术成熟度的基础上,依据经济性和实用性分析了3种生物质能在密集烤房上应用所具有的优势和局限。最后得出固体生物质颗粒燃料是当前和今后密集烤房应用前景中最好的一种生物质能,指出未来应从加强原料配方研究、持续提升颗粒燃料燃烧机技术改进、并融入大农业物联网技术以实现精准烘烤。     

EMS诱变NC 55突变体库的创建及高钾突变材料的筛选

为了获得不同类型的烟草突变体库,用0.6%的EMS诱变处理NC 55,对诱变后的M 1代的大田性状进行调查分析,并从中筛选高钾突变材料。EMSNC 55 M 1代植物学性状和农艺性状变异类型丰富,突变率为11.88%,主要为多头突变、株型突变、叶片突变等;通过大田筛选和烟叶化验,筛选到钾含量高于对照NC 55的突变材料74份,其中钾含量超过1.50%的35份,以EMSNC 55-5501烟叶钾含量最高,为2.03%。EMSNC 55 M 1代单株留种606份,为进一步筛选各种类型突变体和选育新品种创建了很好的突变体库。     

土壤侵蚀下黑龙江省人地系统适应性研究

为缓解人地关系,以对黑龙江省威胁最大的土壤侵蚀为切入点,从"三生"视角分析区域人地系统适应性,并提出基于不同修复优先级的人地系统修复方案。首先,在总结、梳理适应性内涵,整合适应性理论与方法基础上,从"三生"视角提出了基于风险扰动的适应性分析框架,将系统适应性分解为扰动、影响、响应、能力4方面,并从土壤侵蚀风险扰动出发,构建了系统适应性评价指标体系与评价模型;其次,采用极差标准化法、克里格插值法、蔡崇法法和DEA-CCR模型处理数据,利用土壤侵蚀方程测算土壤侵蚀风险,利用适应性评价模型测算适应性指数,分析土壤侵蚀风险和人地系统适应性分布情况;最后,提出基于不同修复优先级组合模式的人地系统修复方案。结果表明:黑龙江省土壤侵蚀风险区面积为1 366.61万hm2,占区域耕地面积的85.74%,高、中、低级别风险规模分别为324.02、596.33、446.26万hm2。高、较高级别人地系统适宜程度区分布在三江平原东北部和松嫩平原东南部地区,中级别分布在大兴安岭和松嫩平原南部地区,低、较低级别分布在东南部山地和松嫩平原北部地区。形成了基于不同修复优先级组合模式的人地系统修复方案,其中53个地区仅存在1种人地系统修复方案,其余27个地区在不同优先级组合模式下形成了不同的人地系统修复方案,为区域人地系统修复提供了多种选择方案。     

杂交水稻新组合Ⅱ优125在清流县试种表现

Ⅱ优125是福建省南平市农科所用自育恢复系南恢125与Ⅱ-32A配组育成的杂交稻新组合,2003年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。2004年清流县引进经多点试验示范表现高产、稳产、适应性广,尤其在山区冷烂田表现较强的优势,增产效果明显等特点,深受农户喜爱,具有较大的推广前景